1. 英語中的直接引語和間接引語 請把它說得詳細一些
直接引語與間接引語
一． 基本概念
1、直接引語：一字不改地引述別人的話 He said,「I am a student．」(帶引號)
2．間接引語：用說話人自己的話轉述別人的話 He said he was a student．
二． 直接引語變間接引語（一）（人稱變換規則同下）
1．如果直接引語所在的句中的謂語動詞是現在時或將來時態,改為間接引語時,時態不變.
Eg.He says 「I didn』t go to school today.」
He says that he didn』t go to school that day .
2．如果直接引語講述的是客觀真理現象,改為間接引語時,其一般現在時不變.
Eg.The teacher said ,「The earth is round .」
The teacher said that the earth is round .
三．直接引語變間接引語（二）
1．如果說話時間與引述時間不同,即引述某人過去說過的話,則動詞時態要作相應的變化即動詞時態一律向過去推移一步.（主句為過去式時）
2．變換規則（指的是間接引語中的從句部分）
（1）人稱的變化 ------ 一隨主,二隨賓,三不變
（2）指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化
1〉指示代詞的變化
this---- that these----those
2〉時間狀語的變化
now---- then,ago---- before,today----that day,yesterday----the day before,tomorrow----the next day,the day before yesterday----two days before,the day after tomorrow----two days later,next week/month,etc.---- the next week/month,etc.last week/month,etc.---- the week/month before
3〉地點狀語的變化
here----there
4〉動詞的變化
come----go
（3）時態的變化
1〉一般現在時-------一般過去時
2〉現在進行時-------過去進行時
3〉現在完成時-------過去完成時
4〉一般過去時-------過去完成時
5〉過去完成時-------過去完成時
6〉一般將來時-------過去將來時
四．變換類型
1．直接引語為陳述句
直接引語為陳述句,用that引導（口語中可以省略）.
e．g．直接引語：The teacher told the students,「I will give you a surprise． 」
間接引語：The teacher told the students that she would give them a surprise．
2．直接引語為疑問句（1）
直接引語為一般疑問句時,由whether或if引導,用陳述句的語序
e．g．直接引語：He said to us,「Are you going away today?」
間接引語：He asked us whether/if we were going away that day．
直接引語為疑問句（2）
直接引語為特殊疑問句時,其關聯詞用相應的疑問代詞或疑問副詞,其後用陳述語序
e．g．直接引語：She asked,「Who will help me finish the job?」
間接引語：She asked who would help her finish the job．
e．g．直接引語：He asked,「What have you done?」
間接引語：He asked what I had done．
直接引語為疑問句（3）
直接引語為選擇疑問句,變為間接引語時應用whether…or…
e．g．直接引語：「Do you like tea or coffee?」 she asked me.
間接引語：She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee．
3．直接引語為祈使句
直接引語為祈使句,變為間接引語時將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式.它的否定是在to前加not.它沒有時態的變化.其他的變化和直接引語是陳述句的情況相同.
e．g．直接引語：I said to her,「Please give me a glass of water.」
間接引語：I asked her to give me a glass of water．
直接引語：He said,「Don』t make so much noise,boys.」
間接引語：He told the boys not to make so much noise.
4．直接引語為感嘆句
直接引語若是感嘆句,變為間接引語時多採用賓語從句結構,即可用what或how引導,也可用that引導
e．g．直接引語：「 What a clever boy you are!」 ,my teacher said to him.
間接引語：My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.
My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.
2. 英語語法知識：直接引語/間接引語
如果引語的主句所用動詞為過去時，那麼間接引語要做相應變化：時態，人稱，時間地點及指示詞
1）時態變化：
一般現在時——一般過去時
現在進行時——過去進行時
一般過去時——過去完成時
現在完成時——過去完成時
一般將來時——過去將來時
be going to——was/were going to/would
can--could
may--might
2）時間地點及指示詞的變化：
here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that
3） 人稱變化：根據句意改變人稱。
4）直接賓語/間接賓語
主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，間接賓語是及物動詞的'動作所涉及的人或事務，也可以說間接賓語表示動作是對誰做的，或者是為誰做的。所以間接賓語要用名詞或者賓格代詞來擔當。
He gives me a book.（me間接賓語，a book直接賓語）
直接賓語和間接賓語的位置調換時要加一個介詞to或for：
主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語
Give me a book. = Give the book to me.
Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.
Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.
3. 九年級英語語法知識點整理歸納
如何學好語法知識是值得每個學生深刻思考和體會的。接下來是我為大家整理的 九年級英語 語法知識點整理歸納，希望大家喜歡!
九年級英語語法知識點整理歸納一
一、過去完成時與現在完成時的區別
現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去，以現在的時間為基點，但側重對現在產生的結果或造成的影響，與現在有關，其結構為「助動詞 have (has) + 過去分詞」;過去完成時則是一個相對的時態，已過去時間為基點，它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去，更強調「過去的過去」，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。
比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經學會了 1000 個 英語單詞 。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時為止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什麼，我只等了幾分鍾。(「等」的動作從過去某一時間點持續到現在)
二、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別
雖然這兩種時態都表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態，但在使用時應注意以下幾點：
1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調「過去的過去」;而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間。
比較：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發生的時間先後須依據上下文來判斷：先發生的用過去完成時，後發生的則用一般過去時。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 當兩個或兩個以上接連發生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導的從句中，由於這些連詞本身已經表示出時間的先後，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an eveningpaper.
Ⅰ. MultipleChoices.
1.I lost the dictionary I ________.
A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought
2.The train had gone when my brother _______ at the station.
A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving
3. Mary _______ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weathermade her change her mind.
A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought
4.------Did you meet Tom at the airport? ------No，he _______ by the time I______ there.
A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got
5.-------Why didn』t Tom attend the meeting yesterday? -------He __________ Beijing.
A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to
6.-------I _______ to come to help you. ------But you didn』t come.
A.have meant B.had meant C.meant D.will mean
7.Finally one of my friends _______ by Beijing University，for which she ___ five timA.were admitted; had tried B.was admitted; had tried C.were admitted; has tried D.was admitted; tried
8.------I have bought you the books you want. ------Oh，good，I _______ afraid you had forgotten.
A.was B.am C.had been D.have been
9.We _________ four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned
10.Helen _______her keys in theoffice so she had to wait until her husband ______home.
A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come
11. My father _________ to the hospital when I hurried home.
A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent
12. ----- Jim, ________ you _________ your homework?
----- Yes, of course, but I ________ it late bed time.
A. do do; finished B. did do; had finished C. have done; hadfinished D. have done; finished
13. You ____ football after school. Why not go home and do yourhomework first?
A. always played B. are always playing C. have always played D.have always been playing
es
14. Eversince Picasso』s painting went on exhibit, there ____ large crowds at the museumevery day.
A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been
15. ---What do you think of my suggestion? --- Sorry. What』s that?I _____ about something else.
A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought
Ⅱ. Fill in theblanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs.
1. How many English songs ___________ she __________ (learn) bythe end of last month?、
2. Hardly _______ I ______ (get) on the bus when it started tomove
3. He __________________(read) the book before he was ten yearsold.
4. She said she ___________________ (see) the film before.
5. Our English teacher _________________ (teach) English inGuangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.
6. By the end of last month, they _________________(complete)thebridge .
7. No sooner ________ I _______ (go) out than he came to see me.
89. The classroom _______________ (clean) before we ___________(get) there yesterday.
10. ________ the boy ___________ (finish) his homework before yousaw him?
11. When we got to the station, the train _____________ already_____________. (leave)
12. The book __________ by the end of last month. (finish)
13. When I got back to the shop , my bag _________________ (take)away by someone else.
14. When I arrived at the cinema, the film _________________ (be)on for ten minutes.
15. ---What』s that terrible noise?
---The neighbors ______ (prepare) for a party.
16. The mayor of Beijingsays that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ ( complete) by2006.
17. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.
18. ---Mr. Johnson didn』t turn up at the meeting yesterdaymorning, did he?
--- No. We __________ (wait) till twelve o』clock. A whole morningwas wasted.
19. ---Why haven』t you asked her to come here?
---She _______ (do) an important experiment when I found her andshe ________ (not, finish) it.
答案：
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1-5 CBCBB 6-10BBAAC 11-15. DDBCA
Ⅱ. 1. had learnt2. had got 3. had read 4. had seen 5. had taught 6. had completed 7. had gone8. had gone 9. had been cleaned, got 10. Had finished 11. had left 12. had beenfinished 13. had been taken 14. had been on 15. are preparing 16. will havebeen completed 17. was visiting 18. were waiting 19. was doing, hasn』t finished
九年級英語語法知識點整理歸納二
語法：直接引語變間接引語。
直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，用來轉述別人的話叫間接引語。例：
Hesaid,"HewillgotoBeijingtomorrow."(直接引語)
.
直接引語變間接引語時時態、人稱及一些時間或個別詞都要做相應的改變。
①時態：
一般現在時→一般過去時一般將來時→過去將來時
現在進行時→過去進行時一般過去時→過去完成時
現在完成時→過去完成時
_真理性的 句子 時態不變。例：
Hesaid:"Thesunrisesintheeast."
.
他說太陽從東方升起。
②時間：
now→then,lastmonth→themonthbefore.
today→thatday,threedaysago→threedaysbefore.
tonight→thatnight,tomorrow→thenextday.
yesterday→thedaybefore,thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays.
③ 其它 變化：
this→thatthese→thosehere→there
come→go
句式的改變：
①直接引語是陳述句加"that"可以省去。例：
Hesaid,"Mysisterwasherethreedaysago."→
.
②直接引語是一般疑問句，變成用if/whether引導的賓語從句，人稱時態等作相應改變。
Motheraskedme,"Didyoubuyanymeatforlunch?"→
Motheraskedmeif/.
③直接引語是特殊問句，變成由原來疑問詞一樣的連接詞引導的賓語從句，時態人稱等作相應改變。例：
"Whatdoyoudo?"heaskedme.
HeaskedmewhatIdid.
④直接引語是選擇問句變成由whether或if引導的賓語從句。
"DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?"Heaskedme.
.
語法：被動語態
1.英語中動詞有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態
主動語態表示主語是謂語動詞動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者。
當我們強調誰是某個動作的執行者，即"誰做了某種事情"時，用主動語態。
eg:Danielboughtanewcomputer丹尼爾買了一台新電腦。(不是別人)
如果主語不是動作的執行者，而是動作的承受者時，就是被動語態。
eg:AnewcomputerwasboughtbyDaniel一台新電腦被丹尼爾買了。
被動語態的謂語由be+動詞的過去分詞構成，其中be是助動詞，隨時態改變。
一般現在時的被動語態由"am/is/are+動詞的過去分詞"構成。
一般過去時的被動語態由"was/were+動詞的過去分詞"構成。
2.被動語態的用法：
當不知道或沒必要說明動作的執行者時，用被動語態。
eg:RiceisgrowninSouthChina.華南 種植 水稻。(沒必要說明是誰種)
Thisbridgewasbuilt100yearsago.這座橋是100年前建的。(不知道誰建的)
Passivevoicewith'by'
在被動語態中，如果我們也要把動作的執行者表達出來的話，我們就在被動句子的後面，用"by+動作的執行者(賓格)"來表示。
e.g.Jackbrokethewindow.(主動語態)
ThewindowwasbrokenbyJack.(被動語態)窗戶是被傑克打碎的。
.在家飯是她母親燒的。
.這本書是他幾年前寫的。
3.難點：
1).當一個含有復合賓語(賓語+賓補)的句子變為被動語態時，只能把賓語變為被動語態的主語，賓補還放在原來的位置。
e.g.WecallhimXiaoWang.---HeiscalledXiaoWang.
Hecuthishairshort.---Hishairwascutshort.
2).帶雙賓語的動詞變為被動語態時，常常把間接賓語變為被動語態的主語;如果直接賓語變為被動語態的主語時，間接賓語前要加介詞to或for.
e.g.Someonegavetheboyanapple.--Theboywasgivenanapple.
Anapplewasgiventotheboy.
Hismotherboughtapresentforhim.---Hewasboughtapresent.
Apresentwasboughtforhim.
3).在let,hear,watch,see,help,have等詞的句子中，主動語態不加to,被動語態要加to.
e.g.Thebossmakesuswork12hoursaday.---Wearemadetowork12hoursaday.
.---.
⑤直接引語是祈使句，根據說話語氣變成ask/tell/orderwarnsb.todosth.的結構。例：
Shesaidtome,"Stanp."→
Sheaskedmetostanp.
Fathersaidtohisson,"Don'tplayfootballinthestreet."→
.
語法：祈使句
表示命令、叮囑等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句省略主語，以動詞原形開頭，常加please表示客氣。常有以下三種結構：
(1)行為動詞開頭。例：
Sitdown,please.(Pleasesitdown.)
Comehere.
Gothere.
(2)系詞be開頭。
Becareful!
Besilent.
(3)Let開頭。例：
Let'sdoitatonce.
Lethimdoit.
註：(1)祈使句的否定式在句首加don't。例：
Don'tspeakinChinese.別用漢語說。
Don'tbeheresoearly.別來這太早。
(2)在祈使句前可以加never或always。
Neverclimbuptoohigh.It'sdangerous.
Alwayscomeontime.總是准時。
Alwaysbepolitetoothers.總是對人禮貌。
語法：並列句
由並列連詞but，and，or，so，while等構成的並列句，例：
HehelpsmeandIhelphim。
Hewasill，buthestillworkedon。
。
語法：條件狀語從句，以if引導。
if在英語中可以構成條件狀語從句，意為「如果」，也可以構成賓語從句，意為「是否」。例：
Idon『tknowifhewillcometomorrow。(賓從)
我不知道他明天是否來。
Ifhecomes，I』llletyouknow。(條從)
如果他來，我讓你知道。
_1)在if構成的條件狀語從句中，如果主句是將來時，或祈使句或有情態動詞，從句通常用一般現在時。如上面的例句，再如：
。
如果他努力學習會通過考試的。
(2)if構成的條件從句可以放於句子前面，也可以放於後面。例：
Ifitrains，Iwon『tgowithyou。
如果下雨我就不和你去了。
Iwon』tgowithyouifitrains。
九年級英語語法知識點整理歸納三
【篇一】一般過去時：
1.概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month...),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.
3.基本結構：be動詞;行為動詞的過去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞。
6.例句：.
Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.
【篇二】現在進行時
：
1.概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句：Howareyoufeelingtoday?
Heisdoingwellinhislessons.
【篇三】過去進行時：
1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3.基本結構：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句：把was或were放於句首。
6.例句：.
Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.
【篇四】現在完成時：
1.概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2.時間狀語：recently,lately,since...for...,inthepastfewyears,etc.
3.基本結構：have/has+done
4.否定形式：have/has+not+done.
5.一般疑問句：have或has。
6.例句：I'vewrittenanarticle.
.
【篇五】過去完成時：
1.概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即"過去的過去"。
2.時間狀語：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month...),etc.
3.基本結構：had+done.
4.否定形式：had+not+done.
5.一般疑問句：had放於句首。
6.例句：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks
【篇六】一般將來時：
1.概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year...),soon,inafewminutes,by...,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
3.基本結構：am/is/are/goingto+do;will/shall+do.
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句：be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：.
Itisgoingtorain.
【篇七】過去將來時：
1.概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語：thenextday(morning,year...),thefollowingmonth(week...),etc.
3.基本結構：was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑問句：was或were放於句首;would/should提到句首。
6.例句：.
Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.
【篇八】將來完成時：
1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語：bythetimeof;bytheendof+時間 短語 (將來);bythetime+從句(將來)
3.基本結構：begoingto/will/shall+havedone
4. 高一英語必修一直接引語間接引語總結還有重點知識點的總結，謝啦
引述別人的話時，一般採用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號內，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉述，被轉述的話不放在引號內，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數情況下是一個賓語從語。直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that
引導。例如：
She
said,
"I
am
very
happy
to
help
you."→
She
said
that
she
was
very
happy
to
help
you.
2.
直接引語是一般(選擇/反意)疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if
引導。例如：
He
asked
me,
"Do
you
like
playing
football?"→
He
asked
me
if/whether
I
liked
playing
football.
注意：大多數情況下，if和whether
可以互換，但後有or
not,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞後作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：
She
asked
me
whether
he
could
do
it
or
not.
He
hesitated
about
whether
to
drive
or
take
the
train.
3.
直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應的疑問詞who,
whom,
whose,
how,
when,
why,
where
等引導。例如：
My
sister
asked
me,
"How
do
you
like
the
film?"→
My
sister
asked
me
how
I
liked
the
film.
4.
直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，並在動詞不定前加tell,
ask,
order
等的賓語。例如：
The
captain
ordered,
"Be
quiet."→
The
captain
ordered
us
to
be
quiet.
注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。
My
teacher
asked
me,
"Don't
laugh."→
My
teacher
asked
me
not
to
laugh.
5.
一些注意事項
(1)直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時，時態不變。例如：
They
told
their
son,"The
earth
goes
round
the
sun."→
They
told
their
son
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
(2)直接引語變間接引語時，
指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。如：this/that→
these/those,
now→then,
today→that
day,
yesterday→the
day
before,
last
year→the
year
before,
ago→before,
here→there等。例如：
He
said,
"I
haven't
seen
her
today."→
He
said
that
he
hadn't
seen
her
that
day.
注意：如果轉述時就在原來的地方，就在說話的當天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等。
(3)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：
He
asked
Lucy,
"Where
did
you
go?"→
He
asked
Lucy
where
she
went.
Tom
said,
"What
do
you
want,
Ann?"→
Tom
asked
Ann
what
she
wanted