Ⅰ 初三英語1到3單元語法復習提綱。
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
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11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
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11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
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11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
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11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
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11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
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11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
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11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
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11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。
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11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
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11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
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11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
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11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
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11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
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11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
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11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
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11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
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11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
Ⅱ 初三英語上冊1-6單元知識點 不要提供書 要現成的
動詞不定式
一. 定義:
動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種,它沒有人稱和數的變化,在句子中不能獨立作謂語,但它仍保持動詞的特點,既可以有自己的賓語和狀語。同時動詞不定式又具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特徵,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。
二. 動詞不定式的構成:to+動詞原形
三. 動詞不定式作賓語
後面能接不定式作賓語的動詞有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那個姑娘決定自己做那件事。
動詞不定式作賓語的注意事項(2點)
1. 有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟動名詞作賓語,但含義不同:
remember to do 記住要做某事
remember doing 記得曾經做過某事
forget to do忘記要做某事
forget doing 忘記曾經做過某事
stop to do 停下來去做某事
stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 繼續做另一件事
go on doing 繼續做原來在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before.
我記得以前在哪兒見過你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
離開時請記得關好燈。
2. 不定式作賓語時,如帶有賓語補足語,則要把不定式放到後面,用it作形式賓語,構成「主語+動詞+it+賓補(形容詞、名詞)+不定式」結構。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他發現很難入睡。
四. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語
1. 後面能接to不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車。
2. 使役動詞let, have, make及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補。
Let』s have a rest. 我們休息一會吧。
I saw him come in. 我看見他進來了。
感官動詞後既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補,也可跟v-ing作賓補,前者表示動作的全部過程已結束;後者表示動作正在進行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。(說明他下樓了這件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。(說明他下樓時的情景)
五. 動詞不定式作狀語
Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他離開家到不同的城市工作。
He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
為了趕上其他同學,我必須努力學習。
六. 動詞不定式作定語
不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的後面。
I need something to eat.
Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:
(1)作定語的不定式是由及物動片語成,被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方位或方式關系需要有介詞。
I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間住房。(方位關系)
We have many things to do experiments with.
我們有許多做實驗的東西(方式關系)
(2)作定語的不定式是由「be + adj + prep」構成的動詞短語。
Here there isn』t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of. 我們做了許多引以自豪的事。
七. 動詞不定式作主語
To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
動詞不定式作主語時,可以用it 代替,把實際主語不定式放在後面。
It』s better to give than to receive.
It』s impossible to reach there on foot.
It』s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It』s not difficult for me to study English well.
It』s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在這個句型中,如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關系密切,並且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語的性質、品質、特點等,由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用
動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用,構成不定式短語,可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。
How to do is still a question.
Have you decided when to leave?
九. 動詞不定式的否定形式
動詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不帶to的不定式則在動詞前加not. 如:
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 張明要我不要整天呆在家裡。
My mother let me not do it by myself. 媽媽讓我不要獨自做這件事。
被動語態
英語有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態
主動語態(The Active Voice)表示主語是動作的執行者。
被動語態(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動作的承受者。
構成:承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
一般現在時:承受者+助動詞am / is/are +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
一般過去時:承受者+助動詞was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+助動詞shall / will be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+助動詞 have/ has been+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
被動語態用法:
1)當我們不知道動作的執行者是誰,或者沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,需用被動語態。
2)當我們需要強調動作的承受者時,常用被動語態。
3)如果需要說出動作的執行者, 用by引導出動作的執行者。
主動語態變為被動語態時,其謂語動詞的時態要與原句時態保持一致,其謂語動詞的數要與新主語保持一致。
主動語態變為被動語態時有以下幾種情況:
1)主語+謂語動詞+賓語
將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(主動)We bought a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was bought yesterday.
2)主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
將主動語態中一個賓語變為被動語態的主語。多數情況下將間接賓語變為主語。如果直接賓語變為主語時,間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。
(主動)He showed me a book yesterday.
(被動)I was showed a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主語+謂語動詞+復合賓語
含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構成的復合賓語,變為被動語態時,將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語,賓語補足語保留不變,成為主語補足語。
(主動)I found him a good pupil. (賓語補足語)
(被動)He was found a good pupil. (主語補足語)
4)短語動詞變為被動語態
有些短語動詞相當於一個及物動詞,其後可以接賓語,因此它們也有被動語態,但短語動詞是不可分割的整體,變為被動語態時不可去掉其後面的介詞或副詞。
(主動)We should look after the patients very well.
(被動)The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)賓語從句變為被動語態
若主動語態中是賓語從句,變為被動語態時常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放在後面。
It』s said that he passed the exam.
被動語態應注意的幾個特殊問題:
(1)不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語,在變為被動語態時,仍然要帶上介詞。
(主動)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
(被動)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
(2)當動詞帶有復合賓語時,並且賓補是省去「to」的動詞不定式時,在被動語態中應加上「to」。
(主動)They make do all the work.
(被動)We were made to do all the work.
(主動)We often hear her sing English songs.
(被動)She is often heard to sing English songs.
(主動)I see him walk to school.
(被動)He is seen to walk to school.
Ⅲ 九年級英語全冊的各單元重點知識點總結
九年級英語第一單元知識點歸納
1.break a world record 打破世界記錄
2.get a gold medal 獲得金牌
3.with a time of … 用…時間
4.at the same time 同時
5.up and down 上上下下
6.set a world record創造世界記錄
7.as fast as possible 盡快
8.believe in sb 信任某人 believe sb 相信某人的話
9. make sb proud使某人感到自豪
10. give up 放棄
11.be able to do sth能夠做某事 be unable to do 不能做某事
12. at the age of … 在…歲的時候
13.catch up with 趕上
14. none of 一個也沒有
15.fall off 掉下
16.do one』s best 盡某人的努力
17.the others 別的
九年級英語第二單元知識點歸納
1. take turns 輪流, 交替
2. hold a world record 保持世界記錄
3. be located in / on …位於
4. be proud of 以…自豪
5. on average 通常
6. on record 記載下來有
7. four times as --- as --- 是…四倍
8. think of 想出
9. find out 了解, 找出
10.some more 更多一些
11.try to do sth 試著去做某事
12.all over the world 遍及全世界
13.be full of 裝滿
14.it』s + adj.+ for sb to do sth 對某人干某事怎麼樣
15.it』s time for sb to do sth 某人該干某事了
16.such as 例如
17.take part in 參與
18.that』s very kind of sb to do sth某人做事太好
九年級英語第三單元知識點歸納
1.pay …for… 付錢, 賠償
2.make money 掙錢
3.something to eat 吃的東西
4. what』s the price of … 價錢是…
5. get up 起床
6.be hard to do sth 做某事難
7.come up to 到達
8.go over to 走過
9.give sth back to sb 把… 還給某人
10.do / deal with 處理
11.elementary school 小學
12.hold up 掛起
13.on the Internet 在互聯網上
14.what else別的什麼
15.hear of 聽說
16.set up 創建
17.have success in 在…取得成功 business hours 營業時間
18.any other 別的
九年級英語第四單元知識點歸納
1. wake up 醒來
2. what』s wrong with …怎麼了
3. get a cold 感冒
4. get dressed穿衣
5. be weak in 在… 薄弱
6. point to 指向…
7. ook up 查字典
8. out of breath 上氣不接下氣
9. miss school 沒去上學
10. take medicine吃葯
11. breathe through the nose通過鼻子呼吸的
12. must be 一定 表示推測 否定:can』be
13. stay healthy 保持健康
14. be different from 不同於…
15. be made from /of由…製成
16. be bad for對..有害
17. get a pain in …在…哪痛
18. dare to do sth 敢於做某事
19. think about 考慮
20. get married結婚
21. fall ill 生病
22. as soon as 一…就
23. the more, the better 越多越好
九年級英語第五單元知識點歸納
1. be famous for 以…而著名
2. learn sth from 從… 學到東西
3. be born in+地點 / on +時間:出生於…
4. not … until ….直到…才…
5. make a mistake 犯錯
6. so… that …如此…以至
7. so that 為了,以便
8. come up with 想出, 提出
9. in the 1960s 在二十世紀 六十年代
10. devote to do sth 致力於..
11. because of 因為
12. in one』s spare time 在空餘時間
13. it』s said that 據說
14. nothing but 除了…什麼也沒有
15. day after day 一天又一天
16. in a difficult situation 在困難情況下
17. talk about 談論
18. in the same year在同一年
19. give first aid 進行急救
20. make an example 舉例
21. in the Anti-Japanese War 在抗日戰爭中
22. die of 死於…
九年級英語第六單元知識點歸納
1.have an accident 發生事故
2.take care of 照顧
3.warn sb ( not ) to do sth 提醒某人(不)干某事
4. there 『s something wrong with …有毛病
5.stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事
6.instead of 代替
7.long, long ago 很久以前
8.be careful 小心
9.it takes sb sometime/some money to do sth花某…時間/金錢干某事
10.from then on 從那時起
11.don』t have to do sth 沒必要做某事
12fall on the top of 掉在…上面
13. on the edge of 在…邊沿
14.hurt oneself 傷到自己
下冊
第一單元知識點歸納
1. know / learn …by heart 記住…背誦…
2. need to do sth 必須做某事
3. look / sound / feel / like …看/聽/感覺起來像…
4. think of 想起…
5. hear / see sb do / doing …聽/看某人干某事
6. start / end with….從…開始/以...結束
7. express oneself 表達自己
8. at the moment 此時
9. a set number of 一定數量的
10. either …or …或者…或者…
11. both …and 兩者都.
12. fill in 填入
13.look up 向上看. 查字典
14.another two 另外兩個
15.different kinds of 各種不同類型的
16.go ahead .向前 走吧 說吧 干吧
17.in the middle of 在…中間
18.be related to 與…有關
第二單元知識點歸納
1. combine …and ...和…結合
2. neither … or …既不…也不
3. the answer to the question:問題的答案
4. not only … but also…不僅…而且
5. the same as…與…一樣
6. divide sth in half 把某物分成兩半
7. no longer不再
8. had better ( not ) do sth 最好(別)干某事
9. play chess 下棋
10.say hello to sb 向某人問好
11.what if 如果…將會怎樣
12.generally speaking 通常來說
13.except for 除…外
14.for example例如
15.prefer… to 與…比較更喜歡…
16.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧願…而不願…
第三單元知識點歸納
1. be different from 不同於…
2. make a mistake 犯錯
3. pick up 拾起
4. be full of 裝滿
5. keep doing sth 保持干某事
6. point to 指向…
7. introce … to …把…介紹給…
8. eat up 吃光
9. as soon as 一…就…
10.talk about / with / to 交談
11.give sth back to sb 把某物還給…
12.have trouble with 在…遇到麻煩
13.face to face 面對面
14.at the end of在…的最後
15.in good Chinese tradition 按照中國的良好傳統
16.no problem 沒問題
17.never mind 別擔心
18.depend on 依靠 視情況而定
19.again and again 反復地
20.praise …for …因…表揚…
21.give sth back to sb 把…還給
22.given name 名字
23.family name 姓氏
第四單元知識點歸納
1. spend sometime/some money on sth:在某事上花費…時間/金錢
2. have a fight with sb和某人爭吵
3. be bad for對…不利
4. have / hold a meeting 開會
5. be angry with sb/sth=be mad at sb/sth 生某人/某事的氣
6. agree to do sth 同意做某事 agree with sb 同意某人意見
7. either of 兩個都
8. belong to 屬於
9. the student council 學生會
10.make a friend with sb 和某人交朋友
11.understand each other 相互了解
12.a number of 成員
13.the Garden of Eden 伊甸園
14.at last 最後
15.have a talk 談話
16.and so on 等等
17.to be honest 說實話
18.the Garden of Eden 伊甸園
第五單元知識點歸納
1. how do you feel about …= what do you think of 對…感覺如何
2. teach sb sth 教某人某事
3. knock on /at the door敲門
4. hang up 把…掛起
5. it』 time for …到…時候了
6. help yourself to sth 請隨便吃…
7. turn on /off 打開/關閉
8. hand in /out 上交/分發
9. would you mind doing sth 介意我做某事嗎
10. it』s very kind of sb to do sth 某人做事真是太好了
11.be / get ready for 准備做…
12.get sth ready 准備好某物
13.be different from 不同於…
14.not …at all一點也不
15.regard sth/sb as把某人/當作…
16.from now on 從現在起
17.three percent of 百分之三
18.compare to /with 與…相比
第六單元知識點歸納
1. grow up 長大
2. be free 有空,自由
3. be busy doing 忙於做某事
4. at first 首先
5. graate from畢業於
6. up to 達到
7. pay attention to 注意
8. cut down 砍下
9. encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事
10.make progress 取得進步
11.step by step 一步一步地
12.be worth doing sth 值得做某事
13.even if 即使. 縱然
14.get a chance to do sth 有機會干某事
15.as many as 230 million多達二億三千萬
16.leave for 起程去…
17.shout at 對…大聲喊
18.leave sb alone 讓某人單獨留下
19.spend one』s vacation 度過某人的假期
Ⅳ 人教版九年級英語1~5單元知識總結(每一個單獨的)
Unit 1 How do you study for a test?
重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1. by asking the teacher for help(P2)通過向老師尋求幫助
2. He』s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已經學了六年的英語,而且的確很喜歡它。
He』s是He has的縮寫。這是一個現在完成進行時態的句子,由「助動詞have/has+been+現在分詞」構成,用來表示動作從過去某一時間開始,一直延續到現在,可能還要延續下去。
3. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她補充說,和朋友交談一點幫助都沒有。
4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 有些話題讓我們興奮不已 ,最後乾脆說起漢語來。
be/get excited about意思是「對……感到興奮」,其中about後可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。
She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news.
她一聽到那個好消息,就變得很興奮。
5. Maybe you should join an English language club. (P5)也許你應該參加某個英語俱樂部。
maybe和may be雖然寫法相似,意思也相似,但是用法區別很大。maybe是副詞,意為「也許,可能」,用作狀語;may be意為「也許是,可能是」,may是情態動詞,與be一起作謂語。
Maybe you put it there. 也許你把它放在那裡了。
6. First of all, it wasn』t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)剛開始,當老師和全班學生說話的時候,她的話對我來說很難聽懂。
短語first of all意為「首先,第一」,在句中作狀語,強調首要的事情是什麼,不一定用於列舉,常用於first of all..., then..., at last...,使說明的層次更清楚。
First of all, I must finish my work. 首先,我必須完成我的工作。
7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn』t understand every word. (P6)剛開始,她講得太快,我不能每個詞都聽懂。
本句中的to begin with意為「首先,第一點(理由)」。
8. Later on, I realized that it doesn』t matter if you don』t understand every word. (P6)後來,我意識到即使不理解每個單詞也沒有關系。
later on是由later與on構成的固定片語,但在意思和用法上與later既有相同之處,也有區別的地方。
Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.
重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1. Over here! Don』t you remember me? (P11)過來!你不記得我了嗎?
(1)over here相當於come over here,意為「過來」。
(2) remember的反義詞是forget,兩者用法相同,後面可跟名詞,動名詞或動詞不定式。
2. You』re Paula, aren』t you? (P11)你是波拉,對嗎?
這是一個反意疑問句,表示說話人提出某種情況或看法,詢問對方是否同意。
3. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇!人確實是會變的。
句中的sure用作副詞,意為「確實」,「無疑」。sure一詞更常見於以下用法和句型:
◎表示「可以」,「當然」,「沒問題」,常用來答應他人的請求,相當於 Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course.
4. I』m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我十分怕黑。
terrified為形容詞,意為「受驚嚇的,恐懼的」,表示「害怕……, 恐懼……」,固定用法be terrified of相當於be afraid of。
I』m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕獨自呆在家。
5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我開著卧室的燈睡覺。
(1)with my bedroom light on為介詞短語,在句中用作狀語,表示伴隨情況。
He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿著外套走出了房間。
6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don』t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前,我常常花費大量時間和朋友們一起做游戲,但是如今我再也沒有這樣的時間了。
7. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. (P14) 現在,我根本沒有時間去聽音樂會。
(1)本句中的these days意為「現在,目前,如今」,相當於nowadays, at present。
We are not poor any longer these days. 如今我們不再貧窮了。
They still remember that old saying these days. 現在他們仍然記得那句古諺語。
(2)hardly用作副詞,意為「幾乎不」,相當於almost not,本身含有否定之意,修飾名詞時,常和a或any連用。
I』m so tired that I can hardly walk any farther. 我太累了,簡直不能再走下去了。
8. Now, I don』t mind them. (P14)現在我不介意它們了。
動詞mind的基本含義是「介意,反對」,後面接名詞或動名詞。
He doesn』t mind closing the window. 他不介意關掉窗戶。
9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎變化很大。
動詞seem是「看起來像」,「似乎」的意思。
10. However, after his father』s death a few years ago, Martin』s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而,幾年以前,在他父親死後,馬丁的生活變得更困難了。
本句中的dead意為「死的」,是形容詞,表示「死的,無生命的」,常與be動詞連用,指死的狀態。
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1. I don』t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我認為不應該允許12歲的孩子穿耳孔。
當主句的主語是第一人稱I或we,謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, guess等詞時,其後的從句不能是含有not的否定句;若要否定,須將not提到主句。在翻譯時,按漢語習慣譯作否定從句。例如:「我想他不會給你打電話的」應譯為I don』t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won』t give you a call。
2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。
I agree. (P19)我同意。
3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他們會說話而不做作業。
本句中的instead of是復合介詞,意思是「代替」,後面往往接名詞、代詞、動名詞或介詞短語, of後面的內容是被否定的。
I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本書而不是這本。
4. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天,我和我的朋友們談論我們學校的各種規章制度。
the other day表示「幾天以前,不久前的一天」。
I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天,我在街上看到了他。
5. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)我知道我們有時很吵,但是我們相互之間可以學到很多東西。
本句中的learn...from意為「向……學習」。
We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我們以前常常跟大山學英語。
6. I would like to reply to the article 「Helping and Learning」 in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你們上期簡訊上「幫與學」這篇文章中的問題。
本句中的reply意為「回答,應答」,一般只用作不及物動詞,後面與to連用,表示「回答別人的問題、話語、信件等」。
He didn』t reply to my letter. 他沒有給我回信。
Unit 4 What would you do?
重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1. What would you do if you won a million dollars? (P26)假如你贏了一百萬美元,你將用它做什麼?
動詞win和beat 都可以表示「贏,勝」,其區別是:前者後接比賽、獎品、名聲、勝利、游戲、戰役等;後者接人、隊。
I was very glad when the boys won the relay race.
男同學們贏得了接力賽跑,我非常高興。
2. If I were you, I』d wear a shirt and tie. (P27) 如果我是你,我就穿襯衫戴領帶。
tie在這里是名詞,意為「領帶,帶子」等。
He wore a blue tie.他打著藍色的領帶。
3. If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty
confident. (P30)如果你大部分問題的答案都是c, 那麼你可能相當自信。
(1)answer ...for questions意為「把問題回答成……」。
(2)probably 表示「很可能,或許」,語氣較強,是有幾分根據的推測或判斷,含有可能性較大的意味,常位於行為動詞前,情態動詞、助動詞或be動詞後,有時也位於句首。
He can probably tell us the truth. 他很可能會告訴我們實情。
Unit 5 It must belong to Carla
重點、難點、考點及疑點注釋
1. It must belong to Carla.(P34)它肯定是卡拉的。
belong to是「屬於」的意思,後面常接人,這時句子的主語習慣是用物件名詞或代詞來充當。
This cell phone belongs to me. 這個手機是我的。
◎belong to常與物主代詞進行句型替換。
These books belong to me.=These books are mine.這些書屬於我的。
2. He was the only little kid at the picnic. (P34)他是野餐中惟一的小孩。
副詞only一般放在它所修飾的詞之前。它在句中的位置不同,句意也不同,大家千萬要留意啊!
Only Tom drives the new car on Sunday.
只有湯姆在星期日開新車。(強調「只有湯姆而沒有其他人」。)
好多啊,希望能幫到你啊!
Ⅳ 求 九年級上冊人教版英語1——6單元句型總結
一、 She used to be a history teacher.
【句型介紹】該句句意為她過去是一名歷史老師。 used to do sth. 表過去經常做某事,暗示現在已不再如此,句中to後接動詞原形。只能用於過去時態,並且可用於所有人稱。其否定形式為used not to ... 疑問形式為Used you to ... ? Used he to ... ? 等。而在口語中或不太正式的書面語中,否定形式為didn't use to ...,疑問形式為Did you use to ... ? Did he use to ... ? 等。
He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to (somke). 他現在不抽煙,但是他以前抽。
【句式比較】 1. be used to do sth.,被動語態結構,意為被用來做某事,句中to後接動詞原形。
This machine can be used to proce juice. 這台機器可以用來做果汁。
2. be / get used to (doing) sth.,習慣於做某事,句中to為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm not used to the noisy city life here. 我不習慣這兒喧囂的城市生活。
Are you used to singing loudly in public places? 你習慣在公共場所高聲唱歌嗎?
【特別提醒】注意各句型中to後面的動詞形式。
二、 what is worse
【句型介紹】 意思為更糟糕的是,常作為插入語,強調後出現的情況比先出現的情況更糟糕,含有強烈的感情色彩,常可替換成worse than all /ever, to make the matter worse。
It was very dark outside, and what was worse, it began to rain. 外面很暗,而糟糕的是,天開始下雨了。
I started very late, and worse than all, I met with a traffic jam. 我出發得很遲,更糟糕的是,又遇到了交通阻塞。
【句式比較】 1. what's more,更何況,強調後出現的情況程度遠遠超過先出現的情況。
I'm not afraid of it, because I work hard, and what's more, many friends will help me. 這一點我並不害怕,因為我工作很努力,更何況許多朋友會幫我。
2. besides也有更何況之意,其用法與what's more相同。
I'm sure he will be fired, because he has been late so many times, and besides he has caused so much loss to our company. 我確信他肯定會被解僱,因為他遲到了這么多次,更何況他給我們公司造成了這么多損失。
【特別提醒】 通過語境區分各句型。
三、 We're having a family meeting.
【句型介紹】該句句意為我們要開一個家庭會議, are having從結構上看是現在進行時態,但它表達的是將來時態。在口語中come, go, fly, leave, move, travel等表位置移動的動詞常用現在進行時表示一般將來時態。
I'm leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我下周一要去上海。
He's moving into a new house tomorrow. 他明天要搬進新房去。
The boy's father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by telegraph.
【句型介紹】該句中so ... that ... 表示如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,so後面接形容詞、副詞原級。
She is so beautiful that many people like her. 她長得很漂亮,許多人都喜歡她。
so 有時出現在以that 引導的從句中表示非常的意思,如課本中出現的I'm so happy that you could come to England with us for the holidays.
【句式比較】
1. such ... that ...,如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,such後面接名詞順序為such + a / an + adj. + n., 而so 修飾時為 so + adj. + a / an + n.。
It was such a wonderful film that I saw it many times. (It was so wonderful a film that I saw it many times.) 這場電影如此精彩以致於我看了很多遍。
It was such good news that he felt very excited at it. 這個消息很好,聽到之後他感到很激動。
2. so that,意為以便......時,引導目的狀語從句,此時so that前面沒有逗號,後面常出現may, can等情態動詞;意為結果......時,引導結果狀語從句,此時so that前面常有逗號。
He started very early so that he could get there in time. 他出發得很早以便能及時到達那裡。
【特別提醒】 著重從結構、邏輯、標點符號、習慣搭配等角度區分這些句型。
It's made of bamboo and animal's hair.
【句型介紹】 該句中be made of 表示由......製成,從成品中看得出原材料, 後面接材料。
This cup is made of paper. 這個杯子是由紙做的。
Those chairs are made of steel. 那些椅子是鋼做的。
【句式比較】
1. be made from,由......製成,從成品中看不出原材料, 後面也接材料。
Bread is made from flour. 麵包是由麵粉做的。
2. be made in,由某地製造,後接產地。
This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 這種小汽車是上海造的。
Bikes can be made in our city. 我市能生產自行車。
3. be made into,......製成了......
Class is made into bottles. 玻璃可製成瓶子。
4. be made by, 由某人製造,後接生產者。
The coat is made by Miss Wang at home. 這件外衣是由王小姐在家裡做的。
5. be made up of, 由......組成, 指某物或某組織由某種成分或成員組成。
This TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts. 這台電視機是由數百個不同的零件組裝成的。
一、It seems that ...
[句型介紹] 意為似乎是......;看起來好像......,it為形式主語,that後引導的從句為真正主語。
It seems that they are talking about something.似乎他們在談論什麼。
[比較] seem to do sth.似乎在做......
He seems to be a clever boy.他看起來像個聰明的男孩。
二、make one's way
[句型介紹] 意為一路前進;向前。
The soldiers made their way in the thick snow.戰士們在厚厚的雪地上前進。
The firemen are making their way out of the burning house. 消防隊員們正從燃燒的房子里沖出來。
[比較] feel one's way 摸索著前進;lose one's way 迷路;push one's way 擠著前進;fight one's way殺出一條路。
It was very dark outside, so he had to feel his way.外面很暗,所以他不得不摸索著前進。
The child lost his way at the cinema and with the help of the policeman he found his way to go home. 這個小孩兒在電影院迷路了,在警察的幫助下他找到了回家的路。
There were so many people at the station that they had to push their way. 火車站的人真多,他們不得不擠著前進。
The soldiers fought their way out of the enemy's encirclement. 戰士們從敵人的包圍圈中殺出了一條路。
三、on one's way to
[句型介紹] 意為在某人去某地的途中,one's也可換成the,to後面接地點名詞,若地點為副詞,應省to。
On his / the way to Beijing, he found a secret. 在去北京途中他發現了一個秘密。
She met with a traffic accident on her / the way home.回家途中她遭遇了車禍。
[比較] on one's way from ... to ...在某人從......到......途中
On my / the way home, I picked up a wallet. 回家路上,我拾到了一隻皮夾子。
On their / the way from Shanghai to Beijing, they discussed this matter. 在從上海到北京的途中,他們討論了這個問題。
四、wait for one's turn to do sth.
[句型介紹] 意為等候輪到某人做某事,to do sth.為不定式作定語。
I am waiting for my turn to buy a ticket. 我在等著輪到我買票。
Are you waiting for your turn to take a bath? 你在等著洗澡嗎?
[比較] It's one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事;take turns at doing sth. 輪流做某事。
Is it your turn to clean the blackboard? 今天輪到你擦黑板嗎?
Whose turn is it to be on ty today? 今天輪到誰值日?
They took turns at watching at his bedside.他們輪流守護在他的床前。
[特別提醒] 這些句型中的turn均為名詞,表依次輪流的順序。
五、feel like doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為想要做某事,feel like後面應接動名詞作賓語。
I feel like having something to eat. 我想吃點兒東西。
Do you feel like going swimming? 你想去游泳嗎?
[比較] would / should like to do sth. 願意做某事,should 常用於第一人稱,would用於各種人稱。
I would like to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我想呆在家裡。
六、stop sb. from doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為阻止某人做某事,句中stop可換成prevent或keep,from也可以省去,但keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省。
What stopped you (from) coming to see me?什麼事讓你沒來看我?
[比較] protect ... from保護......不受......侵害
An umbrella can protect us from the rain. 雨傘能保護我們不被雨淋濕。
七、stand on one's head
[句型介紹] 意為倒立,為身體姿勢描繪用語。
The actress can stand on her head for five minutes. 這個女演員能倒立五分鍾。
Can you stand on your head? 你會倒立嗎?
[比較] stand on one's feet站著;stand on one foot 單足站立
Can you stand on one foot for an hour? 你能單腳站一個小時嗎?
Having stood on his feet for a long time, he felt very tired.站了很長時間了,他感到累了。
八、not ... until ...
[句型介紹] 意為直到......才......,表某一動作或狀態直到until或till所表示的時間為止才開始發生。
He didn't go home until 5 p.m. 直到下午五點,他才回家。
She didn't get married until she was thirty years old. 直到三十歲她才結婚。
[比較] do ... until / till,表示某一動作或狀態一直延續到until/till所表示的時間為止才結束,其謂語動詞須為持續性動詞。
He worked until the clock struck twelve.他一直工作到鍾敲了十二點。
一、 lose oneself in
[句型介紹]意為沉溺於......,in為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
At the meeting, he lost himself in reading newspapers. 開會時,他讀報入了神。
She often loses herself in deep thought when she is alone. 獨自一人時,她經常沉溺於思考之中。
[比較] be lost in迷失方向;沉溺於......
Take care, and not to be lost in the woods again.當心別再在森林中迷路了。
[特別提醒] be lost in的主語為人稱代詞的主格或名詞,而不能為反身代詞。
二、 say to oneself
[句型介紹]意為心裡想......,反身代詞和主語在人稱上應保持一致。
I woke up at six and said to myself, It's still early.我六點鍾時醒了, 心想:還早呢。
When he heard what the teacher said, he said to himself, I should study hard. 當他聽到老師的講話時,心想我應當認真學習。
[比較] talk to oneself 自言自語,反身代詞和主語在人稱上也應保持一致。
An old man likes to talk to himself. 老人喜歡自言自語。
三、 主語(人) + spend ...(in) doing sth.
[句型介紹]該句表示某人花費時間做某事,spend後面需接表時間的名詞,介詞in可以省去。
He spent quite a lot of time (in) working out this maths problem. 他花了許多時間才解出了這道數學題。
How much time did you spend(in) reading this book? 讀這本書花了你多長時間?
[比較]主語(人) + spend +金錢+ on sth.,花費金錢買某物;It costs /takes+時間+to do sth. 花費時間做某事;pay ... for ...,為......付款。
He spends most of his money on food.他把大部分錢用來買食物。
Did it take you much time to prepare for it?准備這件事花了你很多時間嗎?
It cost me fifty yuan to buy this dictionary. 我花了五十元買了這本字典。
He paid twenty yuan for a pair of glasses. 他花了20元買了一副眼鏡。
四、 I'm sure that ...
[句型介紹] 該句表示對某事有肯定的認識或判斷。
I'm sure that she is an honest girl. 我肯定她是一個誠實的女孩。
Are you sure that she has stolen your pen? 你能肯定是她偷了你的鋼筆嗎?
[比較] I'm not sure if ...,表示對某事沒有肯定的認識或判斷,是I'm sure that 的否定句。
I'm not sure if he will come on time. 我無法確定他是否會按時來。
五、 get on with ...
[句型介紹] 意為在......取得進展;與......相處融洽,如果進展順利或相處融洽, on後面可加well,但此時該句不可用於How引導的特殊疑問句。
-How are you getting on with your speech? 你的演講准備得怎麼樣了?
-I'm getting on well with it. 進展順利。
Can Tom get on well with his classmates? 湯姆能和他的同學融洽相處嗎?
[比較] get along with,含義及用法與get on with相同。
He is getting along well with his new book. 他的新書寫得很順利。
He is easy to get along well with. 他很容易相處。
六、 be fed up with ...
[句型介紹] 意為對......感到厭煩。with為介詞,後面應接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm fed up with working with him.我討厭和他共事。
Are you fed up with eating the same food every day? 你討厭每天吃同樣的食物嗎?
[比較] be tired of對......感到厭煩;討厭......
I'm tired of dealing with such kind of man. 我討厭和這樣的人打交道。
復制下來就可以了,希望對你能有所幫助!
Ⅵ 初三英語重點知識點的歸納
副詞
表示動作特徵或性狀,主要修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及整個句子
(一)形容詞的用法及位置
1.形容詞在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語等,作定語時一般放在名詞前。
Eg. She has short hair.(作定語)
Paul is tall.(作表語)
We must keep our room clean.(作賓補)
2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時放在其後。
eg.She has something important to tell us.
There』s nothing wrong in the sentence.
(二)副詞的種類、用法及位置
1.副詞的種類
(1)時間副詞
①表示大體時間:now,then,yesterday,today,tonight,before,just now,recently,so far
②表示頻率:always,usually,often,sometimes, seldom,never
③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally
(2)地點副詞
①表地點:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere
②表位置關系(後接賓語時,用作介詞):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across
Ⅶ 九年級的英語知識點,最好分一下單元,就例如hpoe to do sth hope+句子,這種的,不要抄襲........有高分
我也初三,我覺得這些挺有用,希望能幫到你
一、 She used to be a history teacher.
【句型介紹】該句句意為她過去是一名歷史老師。 used to do sth. 表過去經常做某事,暗示現在已不再如此,句中to後接動詞原形。只能用於過去時態,並且可用於所有人稱。其否定形式為used not to ... 疑問形式為Used you to ... ? Used he to ... ? 等。而在口語中或不太正式的書面語中,否定形式為didn't use to ...,疑問形式為Did you use to ... ? Did he use to ... ? 等。
He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to (somke). 他現在不抽煙,但是他以前抽。
【句式比較】 1. be used to do sth.,被動語態結構,意為被用來做某事,句中to後接動詞原形。
This machine can be used to proce juice. 這台機器可以用來做果汁。
2. be/get used to (doing) sth.,習慣於做某事,句中to為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm not used to the noisy city life here. 我不習慣這兒喧囂的城市生活。
Are you used to singing loudly in public places? 你習慣在公共場所高聲唱歌嗎?
【特別提醒】注意各句型中to後面的動詞形式。
二、 what is worse
【句型介紹】 意思為更糟糕的是,常作為插入語,強調後出現的情況比先出現的情況更糟糕,含有強烈的感情色彩,常可替換成worse than all/ever, to make the matter worse。
It was very dark outside, and what was worse, it began to rain. 外面很暗,而糟糕的是,天開始下雨了。
I started very late, and worse than all, I met with a traffic jam. 我出發得很遲,更糟糕的是,又遇到了交通阻塞。
【句式比較】 1. what's more,更何況,強調後出現的情況程度遠遠超過先出現的情況。
I'm not afraid of it, because I work hard, and what's more, many friends will help me. 這一點我並不害怕,因為我工作很努力,更何況許多朋友會幫我。
2. besides也有更何況之意,其用法與what's more相同。
I'm sure he will be fired, because he has been late so many times, and besides he has caused so much loss to our company. 我確信他肯定會被解僱,因為他遲到了這么多次,更何況他給我們公司造成了這么多損失。
【特別提醒】 通過語境區分各句型。
三、 We're having a family meeting.
【句型介紹】該句句意為我們要開一個家庭會議, are having從結構上看是現在進行時態,但它表達的是將來時態。在口語中come, go, fly, leave, move, travel等表位置移動的動詞常用現在進行時表示一般將來時態。
I'm leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我下周一要去上海。
He's moving into a new house tomorrow. 他明天要搬進新房去。
The boy's father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by telegraph.
【句型介紹】該句中so ... that ... 表示如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,so後面接形容詞、副詞原級。
She is so beautiful that many people like her. 她長得很漂亮,許多人都喜歡她。
so 有時出現在以that 引導的從句中表示非常的意思,如課本中出現的I'm so happy that you could come to England with us for the holidays.
【句式比較】
1. such ... that ...,如此......以致......,引導結果狀語從句,such後面接名詞順序為such + a/an + adj. + n., 而so 修飾時為 so + adj. + a/an + n.。
It was such a wonderful film that I saw it many times. (It was so wonderful a film that I saw it many times.) 這場電影如此精彩以致於我看了很多遍。
It was such good news that he felt very excited at it. 這個消息很好,聽到之後他感到很激動。
2. so that,意為以便......時,引導目的狀語從句,此時so that前面沒有逗號,後面常出現may, can等情態動詞;意為結果......時,引導結果狀語從句,此時so that前面常有逗號。
He started very early so that he could get there in time. 他出發得很早以便能及時到達那裡。
【特別提醒】 著重從結構、邏輯、標點符號、習慣搭配等角度區分這些句型。
It's made of bamboo and animal's hair.
【句型介紹】 該句中be made of 表示由......製成,從成品中看得出原材料, 後面接材料。
This cup is made of paper. 這個杯子是由紙做的。
Those chairs are made of steel. 那些椅子是鋼做的。
【句式比較】
1. be made from,由......製成,從成品中看不出原材料, 後面也接材料。
Bread is made from flour. 麵包是由麵粉做的。
2. be made in,由某地製造,後接產地。
This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 這種小汽車是上海造的。
Bikes can be made in our city. 我市能生產自行車。
3. be made into,......製成了......
Class is made into bottles. 玻璃可製成瓶子。
4. be made by, 由某人製造,後接生產者。
The coat is made by Miss Wang at home. 這件外衣是由王小姐在家裡做的。
5. be made up of, 由......組成, 指某物或某組織由某種成分或成員組成。
This TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts. 這台電視機是由數百個不同的零件組裝成的。
一、It seems that ...
[句型介紹] 意為似乎是......;看起來好像......,it為形式主語,that後引導的從句為真正主語。
It seems that they are talking about something.似乎他們在談論什麼。
[比較] seem to do sth.似乎在做......
He seems to be a clever boy.他看起來像個聰明的男孩。
二、make one's way
[句型介紹] 意為一路前進;向前。
The soldiers made their way in the thick snow.戰士們在厚厚的雪地上前進。
The firemen are making their way out of the burning house. 消防隊員們正從燃燒的房子里沖出來。
[比較] feel one's way 摸索著前進;lose one's way 迷路;push one's way 擠著前進;fight one's way殺出一條路。
It was very dark outside, so he had to feel his way.外面很暗,所以他不得不摸索著前進。
The child lost his way at the cinema and with the help of the policeman he found his way to go home. 這個小孩兒在電影院迷路了,在警察的幫助下他找到了回家的路。
There were so many people at the station that they had to push their way. 火車站的人真多,他們不得不擠著前進。
The soldiers fought their way out of the enemy's encirclement. 戰士們從敵人的包圍圈中殺出了一條路。
三、on one's way to
[句型介紹] 意為在某人去某地的途中,one's也可換成the,to後面接地點名詞,若地點為副詞,應省to。
On his/the way to Beijing, he found a secret. 在去北京途中他發現了一個秘密。
She met with a traffic accident on her/the way home.回家途中她遭遇了車禍。
[比較] on one's way from ... to ...在某人從......到......途中
On my/the way home, I picked up a wallet. 回家路上,我拾到了一隻皮夾子。
On their/the way from Shanghai to Beijing, they discussed this matter. 在從上海到北京的途中,他們討論了這個問題。
四、wait for one's turn to do sth.
[句型介紹] 意為等候輪到某人做某事,to do sth.為不定式作定語。
I am waiting for my turn to buy a ticket. 我在等著輪到我買票。
Are you waiting for your turn to take a bath? 你在等著洗澡嗎?
[比較] It's one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事;take turns at doing sth. 輪流做某事。
Is it your turn to clean the blackboard? 今天輪到你擦黑板嗎?
Whose turn is it to be on ty today? 今天輪到誰值日?
They took turns at watching at his bedside.他們輪流守護在他的床前。
[特別提醒] 這些句型中的turn均為名詞,表依次輪流的順序。
五、feel like doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為想要做某事,feel like後面應接動名詞作賓語。
I feel like having something to eat. 我想吃點兒東西。
Do you feel like going swimming? 你想去游泳嗎?
[比較] would/should like to do sth. 願意做某事,should 常用於第一人稱,would用於各種人稱。
I would like to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我想呆在家裡。
六、stop sb. from doing sth.
[句型介紹] 意為阻止某人做某事,句中stop可換成prevent或keep,from也可以省去,但keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省。
What stopped you (from) coming to see me?什麼事讓你沒來看我?
[比較] protect ... from保護......不受......侵害
An umbrella can protect us from the rain. 雨傘能保護我們不被雨淋濕。
七、stand on one's head
[句型介紹] 意為倒立,為身體姿勢描繪用語。
The actress can stand on her head for five minutes. 這個女演員能倒立五分鍾。
Can you stand on your head? 你會倒立嗎?
[比較] stand on one's feet站著;stand on one foot 單足站立
Can you stand on one foot for an hour? 你能單腳站一個小時嗎?
Having stood on his feet for a long time, he felt very tired.站了很長時間了,他感到累了。
八、not ... until ...
[句型介紹] 意為直到......才......,表某一動作或狀態直到until或till所表示的時間為止才開始發生。
He didn't go home until 5 p.m. 直到下午五點,他才回家。
She didn't get married until she was thirty years old. 直到三十歲她才結婚。
[比較] do ... until/till,表示某一動作或狀態一直延續到until/till所表示的時間為止才結束,其謂語動詞須為持續性動詞。
He worked until the clock struck twelve.他一直工作到鍾敲了十二點。
一、 lose oneself in
[句型介紹]意為沉溺於......,in為介詞,後接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
At the meeting, he lost himself in reading newspapers. 開會時,他讀報入了神。
She often loses herself in deep thought when she is alone. 獨自一人時,她經常沉溺於思考之中。
[比較] be lost in迷失方向;沉溺於......
Take care, and not to be lost in the woods again.當心別再在森林中迷路了。
[特別提醒] be lost in的主語為人稱代詞的主格或名詞,而不能為反身代詞。
二、 say to oneself
[句型介紹]意為心裡想......,反身代詞和主語在人稱上應保持一致。
I woke up at six and said to myself, It's still early.我六點鍾時醒了, 心想:還早呢。
When he heard what the teacher said, he said to himself, I should study hard. 當他聽到老師的講話時,心想我應當認真學習。
[比較] talk to oneself 自言自語,反身代詞和主語在人稱上也應保持一致。
An old man likes to talk to himself. 老人喜歡自言自語。
三、 主語(人) + spend ...(in) doing sth.
[句型介紹]該句表示某人花費時間做某事,spend後面需接表時間的名詞,介詞in可以省去。
He spent quite a lot of time (in) working out this maths problem. 他花了許多時間才解出了這道數學題。
How much time did you spend(in) reading this book? 讀這本書花了你多長時間?
[比較]主語(人) + spend +金錢+ on sth.,花費金錢買某物;It costs/takes+時間+to do sth. 花費時間做某事;pay ... for ...,為......付款。
He spends most of his money on food.他把大部分錢用來買食物。
Did it take you much time to prepare for it?准備這件事花了你很多時間嗎?
It cost me fifty yuan to buy this dictionary. 我花了五十元買了這本字典。
He paid twenty yuan for a pair of glasses. 他花了20元買了一副眼鏡。
四、 I'm sure that ...
[句型介紹] 該句表示對某事有肯定的認識或判斷。
I'm sure that she is an honest girl. 我肯定她是一個誠實的女孩。
Are you sure that she has stolen your pen? 你能肯定是她偷了你的鋼筆嗎?
[比較] I'm not sure if ...,表示對某事沒有肯定的認識或判斷,是I'm sure that 的否定句。
I'm not sure if he will come on time. 我無法確定他是否會按時來。
五、 get on with ...
[句型介紹] 意為在......取得進展;與......相處融洽,如果進展順利或相處融洽, on後面可加well,但此時該句不可用於How引導的特殊疑問句。
-How are you getting on with your speech? 你的演講准備得怎麼樣了?
-I'm getting on well with it. 進展順利。
Can Tom get on well with his classmates? 湯姆能和他的同學融洽相處嗎?
[比較] get along with,含義及用法與get on with相同。
He is getting along well with his new book. 他的新書寫得很順利。
He is easy to get along well with. 他很容易相處。
六、 be fed up with ...
[句型介紹] 意為對......感到厭煩。with為介詞,後面應接名詞、代詞、動名詞。
I'm fed up with working with him.我討厭和他共事。
Are you fed up with eating the same food every day? 你討厭每天吃同樣的食物嗎?
[比較] be tired of對......感到厭煩;討厭......
I'm tired of dealing with such kind of man. 我討厭和這樣的人打交道。