㈠ 初中英語定語從句知識點盤點
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作「不及物動詞＋介詞」的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置
2. which作賓語時，根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟
3. 代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等，這時的that常被省略
4. who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的.賓語
5. where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句
6. when引導定語從句表示時間
〔注〕值得一提的是，表示時間「time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞作定語，相當於所修飾成分的前置所有格
8. 當從句的邏輯主語是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導
㈡ 名詞性從句英語語法知識點匯總
名詞性從句是在 句子 中起名詞作用的句子。 名詞性從句的功能相當於名詞片語， 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。下面就是我給大家帶來的名詞性從句英語語法知識點匯總，希望大家喜歡！
1 引導名詞性從句的連接詞
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：
連接詞：that,whether,if 不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
連接副詞：when, where, how, why
不可省略的連詞：
1. 介詞後的連詞
2. 引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較：whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1. whether引導主語從句並在句首
2. 引導表語從句
3. whether從句作介詞賓語
4. 從句後有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置於句末，用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
2 名詞性that-從句
1)由從屬連詞that引導的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。 That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：
主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運氣。
賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實是近來誰也沒有見過他。
同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實令辦公室所有的人不安。
形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興。
2)That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置於句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個計劃註定要失敗。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系：
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that…人們相信……
It is known to all that…從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
d. It +不及物動詞+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
3 名詞性wh-從句
1)由wh-詞引導的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當介詞賓語、賓語補語和間接賓語等，例如：
主語： How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決於作者本人。
直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家裡可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂部將給得勝者設獎。
表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的問題是誰將接任該基金會主席職位。
賓語補足語：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什麼名字就取什麼名字。
同位語：I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什麼時候回來。
形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什麼拒絕他們的邀請。
介詞賓語：That depends on where we shall go.
那取決於我們去哪兒。
2)Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置於句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒決定誰做這項工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時結婚依然不明。
4 if, whether引導的名詞從句
1)yes-no型疑問從句
從屬連詞if, whether引導的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同， 例如：
主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計劃是否可行還有等證實。
賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把 文章 寫完。
表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money.問題在於我們是否應該借錢給他。
同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調查他是否值得信賴。
形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。
介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔心他是否能度過疾病的危險期。
2)選擇性疑問從句
選擇性疑問從句由關聯詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 請告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計劃。
5 否定轉移
1) 將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞後面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
I don't think I know you.我想我並不認識你。
I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。
注意：若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒有生病吧。
2) 將seem, appear 等後的從句的否定轉移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
3) 有時將動名詞，介詞 短語 或整個從句的否定轉變為對謂語動詞的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我記得從未見過這樣一個人。 (not否定動名詞短語 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在這里，人們不會想到在街上會碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動詞不能用否定形式。)
4) 有時狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉移到謂語動詞前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己採食。
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because狀語) 他並不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。
She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結婚還不到幾個月，這個人的弟弟就看見她了，並對她的美貌著了迷。
㈢ 英語定語從句知識點總結筆記是什麼
英語定語從句知識點總結筆記：
一、定語從句即指在主從復合句用作定語的從句。定語從句通常修飾名詞或代詞，對它進行限制、描繪和說明。受定語從句修飾的詞語叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞語叫關系詞。關系詞按其性質又分關系代詞和關系副詞。定語從句又分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
二、關系代詞有who，whom，whose，that，which等，在從句中可作主語、賓語，定語等；關系副詞有when，where，why等詞，在定語從句中只用作狀語。
三、關系代詞和關系副詞必須位於從句之首，主句先行詞之後，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時在從句中又充當句子成分。關系代詞和關系副詞的用法當先行詞為人時用who作主語，whom作賓語。
四、只用which不用that的情況：
1、 當介詞放在關系代詞之前時。
2、 在非限制性定語從句中。
3、 當關系代詞指整個主句的概念時。
五、只用who不用that的情況：
1、當先行詞是one、ones、anyone或those時。
2、there be 結構中。
3、當先行詞是人，後面有較長修飾語時。
4、為了避免重復或引起歧義。
5、當先行詞是I,you,he,they等時（常用於諺語中）。
6、先行詞是指成員的集體名詞。
7、who可以引導非限制性定語從句。
8、先行詞是擬人化的名詞。
9、先行詞指特定的人時用who,不指特定的人用that
㈣ 英語定語從句知識點總結有哪些
英語定語從句知識點如下：
1、定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數量上和先行詞保持一致。
2、定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
3、whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換)。
4、當先行詞是人時：關系代詞who和that既可以做主語，又可以作賓語，而且作賓語時可以省略。
5、which引導非限制性定語從句，that則不能。
㈤ 初中英語從句知識點總結有哪些
初中英語從句知識點如下：
1、where是關系副詞，用來表示地點的定語從句。
2、如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關系代詞一般只用that，不用which。
3、非限制性定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that,作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略。
4、像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。
5、引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that, which, who(賓格who, 所有格whose)和關系副詞where, when、why。
㈥ 英語從句知識點總結
要想在成考英語考試中脫穎而出，首先還得對相應的從句進行復習。下面是我為大家整理的關於英語從句知識點 總結 ，希望對您有所幫助。歡迎大家閱讀參考學習!
高考英語從句復習資料
1.狀語從句的時態
(1)當主句是一般將來時時，在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來的時間。
(2)when, before, after引導的從句的動作與主句動作的先後關系：若主從句的動作先後發生在過去，通常先發生的動作用過去完成時表示，後發生的動作用一般過去時。before, after本身已能表達動作的先後關系，所以在含有before, after從句的 句子 中，主從句的動作都可用一般過去時。
2.狀語從句的語氣 (見虛擬語氣)
(1)as if /as though引導的從句以及if only.。.(但願，要是……就好了)句子的虛擬情況：用一般過去時表示對現在的虛擬，用過去完成時表示對過去的虛擬。
(2)if引導的非真實條件句中的虛擬情況。
3.狀語從句的成分省略
在時間、條件、原因、讓步、方式等狀語從句中，當從句的主語與主句的主語相同，且從句中含有be動詞時，我們可將從句的主語(或作主語的代詞it)連同be動詞一起省略。
4.狀語從句的強調
not until引導的時間狀語從句和because引導的原因狀語從句可用於強調句型。句型構成分別是："It was not until ... that ..."和"It is/was because ... that..."。
高考 英語 作文 寫作指導
引言 introction
正文 body
結束語 conclusion
引言 introction
1. When you are waiting in front of a theatre or at the train terminals, you will realize how important punctuality is. Punctuality is really a virtue, especially in a busy city like Shanghai. Perhaps if everybody were punctual, there would be less suffering and sorrow.
正文 body
2. Punctuality is the main constituent of good character. A person, who is always in time for his appointment, shows real consideration for others. On the other hand, a person who is always late shows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy to be friend with.
constituent 構成
selfishness 自私
3. Some people often say that they cannot always be punctual since traffic is so heavy these days. I think traffic congestion cannot be an excuse for being late. As everybody knows that we might meet an unexpected congestion on the roads, we should leave a bit earlier for the appointment to ensure that we would not be late.
traffic congestion 交通堵塞
4. Some people always have a lot of excuses for coming late. When they finally arrive, they keep on saying sorry to their friends and then explain. The excuse is not always traffic congestion, sometimes they complain that they have met a friend on the road or have helped a blind man to cross the road. Some also like to blame their watches, the clocks at home or in the office. To such people, we cannot help but say sorry that we have come too early.
keep on doing sth. 一直做某事
5. Yet after all such smart fellows will soon find that graally their friends become fewer and fewer. Perhaps at that time, they would realize how important punctuality is.
結束語 conclusion
6. To be or not to be punctual is a habit. So when we are young, we should try to be punctual every time and never be late for it is much more easily acquired in youth than when we are older.
The person I shall never forget
The person I shall never forget is Qingfengxiang. She is the best friend in my life.
She often listens to me when my mood is bad. Moreover, she usually gives me some advices if I need help. Sometimes, she lends money to me if I want to buy some new clothes.
I will never forget her help even though I already left Wuhan city. I think that she will be one of the most important person ring my life. I hope that the friendship of us will keep forever.
修改後
I will never forget her help even though I have already left Wuhan city. I think that she will be one of the most important persons in my life. I hope that the friendship of us will keep forever.
修改後
She often listens to me when I'm in a bad mood. Moreover, she usually gives me some advices if I need help. Sometimes, she lends money to me if I want to buy some new clothes.
Why We Learn English
English is an international language now. Everyone needs to know English.
When we will visit a great number of different places in the word, we need to talk about local person with English. We are interesting in books, otherwise nowadays many of the valuable books are written in English or translated into English. We in order to go through ones, so we should have a good command of English.
We should try our best to learn the English language well.
修改後
When we visit a great number of different places in the world, we need to talk about a local person in English. Nowadays many of the valuable books are written in English or translated into English, so if we are interested in books, we should have a good command of English.
修改後
We should try our best to learn English well.
專升本英語作文考試中，語法一定要簡明扼要，而且要正確。
高考英語 作文指導
文章 開端的常見寫法
1. 背景法：說明事件發生的時間、地點、情景等背景。如：
I was once spending the month of 1982 in a small seaside village in the south of China. It is a wonderful place quiet and not fashionable. People usually do not go there.
2. 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關人物。如：
Once upon a time there was an honest old fellow named Hans. He had a kind heart and a funny, round, good humoured face. He lived in a tiny cottage all alone, and every day he worked in his garden.
alone 獨自一人
lonely 孤獨的
3. 主題句法：提出一個觀點或論據作為文章要闡明和論述的主題。如：
One of the most notable phases of the instrial revolution was the rapid growth of cities --the shifting of population from rural districts to the urban centers.
rural 鄉村的unban 城市的
4. 問題法：用提出問題的 方法 來引出文章的內容，以吸引讀者的注意力。如：
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man who studies and applies physics, chemistry, medicine, engineering or any other science?
5. 驚語法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開頭，激起讀者的興趣。如：
A 39-storeyed building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.
6. 故事 法：以講述一段故事作為引子，在此基礎上展開故事情節。如：
I was spending the night in my aunt's villa one summer. That night, being on a strange bed and feeling excited prevented me from sleeping. I slipped out of bed and went to the bathroom. Suddenly, a strange noise coming from behind made me spin around.
villa 別墅
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
spin around 使人頭暈目眩
7. 數據法：引用已經證實的某些統計數字來引起話題。如：
The fact that less than 5% of the British population graate from universities may seem surprising, especially when compared with the American percentage of over 30%
8. 引語法：摘錄或引用某些名人的 名言 或常見的習語、 諺語 ，作為文章的開端。如:
Happiness is very important to our life. Shakespeare said, "One who is unhappy can never get a beneficial result."
be important to
9. 定義法：常見於對標題下定義，然後通過舉例，邏輯推理等方法加以詳細說明。如：
A true good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge and various abilities.
morality 道德品質
sound adj.健康的
㈦ 英語定語從句知識點總結
定語從句：修飾某一句中的名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系詞常有3個作用：引導定語從句；代替先行詞；在定語從句中擔當一個成分等。
定語從句用法總結
1關系代詞的用法
1.that既可以用於指人，也可以用於指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。
2.which用於指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。
3.who，whom用於指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。
注意：(1)當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用「介詞which/whom」結構。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞片語中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。
(3)that作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的後面。
(4)關系詞只能用that的情況：
a.先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which
b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which
c.先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which
d.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that
f.主句是there be結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which
(5)關系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：
a.先行詞為that，those時，用which，而不用that
b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that
c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that
2關系副詞的用法
(1)when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。
(2)where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。
(3)why指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。
3限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句用法區別
一、句法功能、表現形式不同
定語從句分為限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句不可缺少先行詞，去掉它主句意思往往就不明確了，它與主句之間通常不用逗號分開；非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的附加說明，去掉它也不會影響主句的意思。
二、先行詞不盡相同
限制性定語從句的先行詞往往是某一個詞，但非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至是整個主句，此時非限制性定語從句一般由which或as引導，as引導非限制性定語從句常用在as is said/known/expected/mentioned/reported/announced等結構中。
三、關系詞的使用情況有所不同
1．that不可引導非限制性定語從句。
2．why不用在非限制性定語從句中，需用for which代替。
3．關系代詞替代情況不同關系代詞whom在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可用who代替whom,但whom在非限制性定語從句中作賓語時不可用 who代替。
四、關系代詞省略情況不同
關系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省略；非限制性定語從句的所有關系代詞均不可省略。
㈧ 英語八大從句類型與用法總結是什麼
類型與用法總結如下：
一、定語從句：
在復合句中， 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的有關系代詞who，whom，whose，which，that等和關系副詞where，when，why等，關系代詞和關系副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成分。
二、狀語從句：
表示「當…時候」的while, when, as的用法區別是：while從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞；表示帶有規律性的「每當」或當主、從句謂語動詞的動作發生有先後時，只能用when；當表示「一邊…一邊…」或「隨著」時，只能用as。另外，用於此義的as所引導的時間狀語從句謂語只能是動作動詞，不能是狀態動詞。
三、名詞性從句：
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses）。名詞從句的功能相當於名詞片語,它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
相關內容：
同位語從句：同位語從句是名詞性從句中的主要從句之一，從句作同位語表示與之同位的名詞(短語)的實際內容，它的作用相當於名詞，對前面的名詞(短語)加以補充說明或進一步解釋，相當於一個表語從句，它們之間的關系就是同位關系，即主表關系。
定語從句：定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分，相當於形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。This is the reason why he refused to help us. 這就是他拒絕幫助我們的原因。
時間狀語從句：用表示時間的連詞連接一個句子作狀語，這樣的主從復合句就是時間狀語從句。連接時間狀語從句的連接詞有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since. We were about to leave when he came in. 我們就要離開，就在那時他進來了。
㈨ 初中英語從句知識點總結
從句
1、主語從句
引導詞有：that,what,whether,when,wherever,who 等,主語從句的謂語動詞必須用單數.
舉例：
1) That he will fall the exam is certain.
2) What she said is true.
3) It doesn't matter when she leaves.
4) Whoever is tired may rest.
2、表語從句
一般位於系動詞之後.
舉例：
The question is that I also like her.
3、賓語從句
句型：主句 + 連詞 + 賓語從句
連接賓語從句的詞有：that,if,whether,who,whose,what,which,where,when,why,how,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever 等》
舉例：
1) He said that he was the first to clamb to the top of the mountain.
2) I wonder if / whether you could lend me tour bike.
3) Parents shouldn't give their children whatever they want.
4) She doesn't know who will come.
5) He asked if / whether she had an apartment in the city.
6) Who do you think they will travel with?
4、狀語從句
（1）時間狀語從句
引導時間狀語從句的連詞有：when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,ever,as soon asimmediately,directly,hardly,hardly ...when 等.
舉例：
1) When I was in Shanghai,I met her.
2) Please wait until you are called.
（2）地點狀語從句
常由 where 何 wherever 引導.
舉例：
He lives where the street crosses the river.
（3）原因狀語從句
常由 as,because,since,now that,seeing that 等引導,其中語氣最強烈的就是 because.
舉例：
He has to leave off because he is seriously ill.
（4）條件狀語從句
常由 if,unless,as long as,so long as 等引導.
舉例：
If you can correct your faults,your work is good.
（5）目的狀語從句
常由 so that,in order to 等引導.
舉例：
Speak loudly so that every one may hear you clearly.
（6）比較狀語從句
常由 than,as,as ...as 等引導.
舉例：
I have got as much money as I need.
（7）讓步狀語從句
常由 though / although,even though,as,if,even if 和 wh- + -ever 復合詞引導.
舉例：
Although I tried my best to learn English,I haven't passed the exam.
（8）方式狀語從句
常由 as,as if,as though,how 等引導.
舉例：
She looks as if she is still young.
（9）結果狀語從句
常由 that,so / such that 等引導.
舉例：
She is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect her.
5、定語從句
結構：
.先行詞（被修飾的名詞或代詞） + 關系代詞 / 關系副詞 + .
一般來說,修飾人用 who,whom,whose,that；修飾物用 that / which.
舉例：
1) The road which through our school is very wide.
2) This is the school where my brother studies
3) Is there anything that you don't understand?.
㈩ 英語定語從句知識點總結有哪些
英語定語從句知識點如下：
1、定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。2、由which、that引導的從句它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，作賓語時可以省略。
3、非限制性定語從句需使用逗號和主句隔開。
4、whose既可以指人，也可以指物；在從句中作定語，形式為「whose+名詞」表所屬關系，即誰的。
5、why指原因在定語從句中作原因狀語 ，用在reason 後面。