1. 英語語法基礎知識:動詞的四種時態
英語語法基礎知識:動詞的四種時態
動詞的時態同學們經常會混淆,下面我整理了英語語法基礎知識:動詞的四種時態,希望對大家有幫助!
(1)一般現在時:
一般現在時的構成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學習英語。
當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she, it)時,要在動詞後加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以「輔音字母+y」結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構成規則有:
A、規則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的後面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結尾的'動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬於此類)
④ 雙寫最後一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規則動詞(此類詞並無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來時:
基本結構:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現在分詞
動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:
① 一般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最後一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.
;2. 英語動詞知識點歸納有哪些
動詞變為動名詞的規則: 動詞變為動名詞,即是動詞加ing。
一般情況下,在動詞的後面直接加ing。如:play—playing read—reading do—doing go—going;以不發音的字母e結尾的動詞,要去掉不發音的字母e。
英語常用動詞有have,like,look,speak,talk。
have 英[hæv,həv],美[hæv,həv]
v.有;持有;佔有;由…組成;顯示出,帶有(性質、特徵);
aux.與過去分詞連用構成完成時;
[其他] 第三人稱單數:has現在分詞:having過去式:had過去分詞:had
(2)學習英語動詞的基礎知識擴展閱讀:
動詞通常充當句子的謂語或後接描述性補語充當謂語中心,表示主語的動作、存在、變化,或主語對賓語的動作,態度。如「他來了。」("He arrived")(不及物,表示主語的動態)「我們熱愛祖國」("We love our motherland")(主語跟著賓語,表示主語對賓語的態度)
動詞可以受副詞「不」修飾。只有少數表心理活動的動詞和一些能願動詞能夠前加程度副詞,例如能說「很怕他」、「很喜歡他」、「很羨慕他」。
中文動詞通過「V不V」形式構成選擇疑問句。相當於英文的「V or not」。
3. 初中英語動詞的知識點總結
動詞,就是表示動作和狀態的詞。根據其在句中的功能,動詞可分為四類,分別是:實義動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態動詞。下面是我為大家整理的關於初中英語動詞的知識點 總結 ,希望對您有所幫助。歡迎大家閱讀參考學習!
一、實義動詞
實義動詞又叫行為動詞,分成及物動詞和不及物動詞 。
1、及物動詞是必須帶賓語的動詞,可分為如下兩類。 1) 及物動詞+賓語例:I love my home. 我愛我家。 He bought an English dictionary. 他買了一本英語詞典。 2) 及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語例:She taught us maths. 她教我們數學。 My mother gave me a new pen. 母親給了我一支新鋼筆。提示:常用的能接雙賓語的及物動詞有:give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook等。
2、 不及物動詞不及物動詞不需要跟賓語,本身意義完整。例:She came last week. 她上周來的。 It is raining hard. 正下著大雨。 Class began at half past seven. 7點半開始上課。 What happened yesterday? 昨天發生了什麼事?
3、同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞,有時可用作不及物動詞。例如:She can dance and sing. 她能 唱歌 又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動詞。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動詞。)
二、系動詞
系動詞不能單獨作謂語,後面必須跟表語構成合成式謂語。表語通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當於名詞或形容詞的詞或 短語 等充當,說明主語是什麼或怎麼樣。連系動詞有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, appear, remain, turn。
例如: The story sounds true. Those oranges taste good.
三、助動詞
協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞。 助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,只能在實義動詞和系動詞前構成謂語的時態、語態以及否定式和疑問式。它沒有對應的漢譯,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。 (doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義) He is singing. 他在唱歌。(is是助動詞,無詞義,構成現在進行時)
四、情態動詞
情態動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義,表示說話人對有關行為或事物的態度和看法,認為其可能、應該或必要等,不能單獨作謂語,情態動詞後面加動詞原形。情態動詞無人稱和數的變化, 情態動詞後面跟的動詞需用原形,否定式構成是在情態動詞後面加 "not"。
常用的情態動詞有 :
Can(could) (能,會) 如:I can swim. 我會 游泳 。
May(might) (可以) 如: You may go now. 你現在可以走了。
Must (必須) 如:You must do your homework. 你必須寫作業。
Need (需要) 如:He needs our help. 他需要我們的幫助。
注意:1、情態動詞表推測在肯定句中一般用must (一定),can, could(可能),might /may(也許,或許)。否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能)。
例如:
It can’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 這不可能是校長,他去美國了。
2、can和could表示允許的用法:表示現在的允許時,若是請求別人允許自己做某事,兩者均可用,但用could 語氣更委婉;若是自己允許別人做某事,一般只用 can,而不用 could。如: Can [Could] I come in? 我可以進來嗎?
3、must和have to的用法 表示必須、必要。(must表示主觀多一些而have to則表示客觀多一些)如: You must come in time. 你必須及時過來。
回答must引出的問句時,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn't,而要用needn't或don't have to。 — Must we hand in our exercise books today? — Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.) —我們今天必須交上練習冊嗎? —是的。(不,不必。)
4、need表示「需要」或「必須」,作情態動詞時,僅用於否定句或疑問句中,後跟動詞原形。Need還常用作實義動詞,有時態、人稱和數的變化,後面通常接名詞、代詞和帶to的不定式,
Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎?
You needn't give it back before Friday. 你不必在星期五前還我。
常見考法
對於動詞的考查,通常會在單選,詞語運用和完形填空中出現。除了考查時態和語態外,只要考查實義動詞的固定短語,系動詞和情態動詞的靈活運用。
典型例題:--Must I return the magazine to you right now,Sandy/
--No,you .you may keep it until next Wednesday.
A. needn't B. can't C. must D. may
解析:本題考查情態動詞must構成的疑問句的回答方式。否定回答應該用 needn't 。
答案:A
誤區提醒
漢語和英語的動詞有較大差異,而學習者在學習是往往容易套用漢語,從而混淆意思相近而用法不同的詞或片語,也容易混淆詞形相近而意思不同的詞或片語,例如look for和find, listen和 hear。所以我們在學習中要認真分析不同的詞或片語。
典型例題:They had to ___the 800--meter race because of the bad weather.
A put on B put off C get on D get up
解析:本題考查四個動詞短語的區別。put on 「穿上,戴上」; put off「推遲」; get on 「上車」; get up「起床」。根據語境,應選put off。
答案:B
相關 文章 :
1. 初三全程英語知識點總結
2. 初中英語動詞知識點:動詞中的種類
3. 初中英語基礎知識歸納筆記
4. 初中的英語知識點總結
5. 初一英語知識點總結
4. 英語基礎語法知識點匯總:動詞的語態
語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。
主語是動作的發出者為主動語態;主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。
1)若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式,變為被動語態時,該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2)情態動詞+ be +過去分詞,構成被動語態。
Coal can be used to proce electricity for agriculture and instry.
12.1 let 的用法
1)當let後只有一個單音節動詞,變被動語態時,可用不帶to 的不定式。
They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.
2) 若let 後賓補較長時,let 通常不用被動語態,而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
12.2 短語動詞的被動語態
短語動詞是一個整體,不可丟掉後面的介詞或副詞。
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
12.3 表示"據說"或"相信" 的片語
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 據說
It is reported that… 據報道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that… 眾所周知
It is thought that…大家認為
It is suggested that…據建議
It is taken granted that… 被視為當然
It has been decided that… 大家決定
It must be remember that…務必記住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
12.4 不用被動語態的情況
1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態:
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比較: rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞;raise, seat是及物動詞。
(錯) The price has been risen.
(對) The price has risen.
(錯) The accident was happened last week.
(對) The accident happened last week.
(錯) The price has raised.
(對) The price has been raised.
(錯) Please seat.
(對) Please be seated.
要想正確地使用被動語態,就須注意哪些動詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。
2) 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系動詞無被動語態:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞,反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用於被動語態:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 當賓語是不定式時,很少用於被動語態。
(對) She likes to swim.
(錯) To swim is liked by her.
12.5 主動形式表示被動意義
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well.這本書銷路好。
This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve後的動名詞必須用主動形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 這房間應該打掃一下。
This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。
4) 特殊結構:make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己),have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
12.6 被動形式表示主動意義
be determined, be pleased, be graated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graated from a famous university.
他畢業於一所有名的大學。
注意: 表示同某人結婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
12.7 need/want/require/worth
注意:當 need, want, require, worth(形容詞)後面接doing也可以表示被動。
Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發該理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。
The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。
典型例題
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need (實意) +n /to do,need (情態)+ do,當為被動語態時,還可need + doing. 本題考最後一種用法,選A。如有to be clean 則也為正確答案。
典:done,"不可能已經"。must not do 不可以(用於一般現在時)。
5. 英語動詞的語法歸納
在學習英語語法時,動詞的語法可以說是重中之重。那麼你知道英語動詞有哪些語法知識嗎?下面由我為大家整理的英語動詞的語法歸納,希望大家喜歡!
英語動詞的語法歸納
動詞
1)表示動作中狀態的詞叫做動詞。
2)根據其在句中的功能,動詞可分為四類,分別是:實義動詞(Notional Verb)、系動詞(Link Verb)、助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)、情態動詞(Modal Verb)。
說明:有些情況下,有些動詞是兼類詞,例如:
We are having a meeting. 我們正在開會。(having是實義動詞。)
He has gone to New York. 他已去紐約。(has是助動詞。)
3)動詞根據其後是否帶有賓語,可分為兩類,分別是:及物動詞(Transitive Verb)、不及物動詞(Intransitive Verb),縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi.。
說明:同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞,有時可用作不及物動詞。例如:
She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動詞。)
She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動詞。)
4)根據是否受主語的人稱和數的限制,可分兩類,分別是:限定動詞(Finite Verb)、非限定動詞(Non-finite Verb)例如:
She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主語she的限制,故用第三人稱單數形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well. 她想學好英語。(to learn不受主語she的限制,沒有詞形變化,是非限定動詞。
說明:英語中共有三種非限定動詞,分別是:動詞不定式(Infinitive)、動名詞(Gerund)、分詞(Participle)。
5)根據動詞的組成形式,可分為三類,分別是:單字詞(One-Word Verb)、短語動詞(Phrasal Verb)、動詞短語(Verbal Phrase)例如:
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英語里有許多短語動詞和動詞短語。(contains是單字動詞。)
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 學生們學會查字典。(look up是短語動詞。)
The young ought to take care of the old. 年輕人應照料老人。(take care of是動詞短語。)
6)動詞有五種形態,分別是:原形(Original Form)、第三人稱單數形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、過去式(Past Form)、過去分詞(Past Participle)、現在分詞(Present Participle)。
英語動詞歸類
一、動詞的分類
1.be 動詞(am, is, are, was, were)
系動詞(look, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound等)
情態動詞(can, could, may, might, shall, should, must)
實義動詞(及物動詞與不及物動詞)
2.謂語動詞(根據時態變化)
非謂詞動詞(根據句型的變化)
3.非謂語動詞分類
動詞不定式
動詞的原型(或叫省略to的不定式)
動詞的ing
二、系動詞:
1、be+表語(adj,介詞短語,名詞短語,構成一般現在時或一般過去時)
eg:I am an English boy名詞短語
she is at school 介詞短語
Lilei is strong 形容詞
Maria was born in Beijing
They were in the library just now
2、系動詞:look,seem, feel, taste, smell 之後加adj
eg:Jim looks happy today.(不可用happily)
The food tastes good(不可用well)
三、情態動詞:
1、can與could:
①表示能力時,can為現在或將來的能力,could為過去能力
eg:I can singthis song (現在的能力)
She could swim when she was five.(過去的能力)
②表示請求允許表徵求對方意見時,could更為委婉
eg:Can I helpyou? 基本上等同於
Could I help you? (相對更誠肯一些)
2、may與might
①表示猜測意義“可能”
He may know 他可能知道
②表示請求允許或徵求對方意見時,等同於can與could.
eg:May I help you ?
May I speak to Lucy?
3、must意為必須
eg:Must Lucy finish the work at once?
Yes, she must. No, she needn’t (否定回答必須改為needn’t 或don’t haveto)
4.mustn’t 不準
needn’t不必要
eg:You mustn’t swim in the river, It’s dangerous.
You needn’t go shopping at once, you can go tomorrow.
5、shall 與should 與第一人稱搭配,可表示提建議
eg:shall I goto the zoo with Lilei?
四、謂語動詞:
1、謂語動詞的4種形式:
①動詞的第三人稱單數
a. 一般情況下在動詞之後加s
b.以 s, x, ch,sh, o結尾的加es.
c. 輔音字母加y結尾的,把y改為i再加es
②現在分詞
a. 一般情況下在動詞之後加ing
b. 以不發音字母e結尾的,去e再加ing
c. 以重讀閉音節結尾,最後只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫輔音字母再加ing
③過去式與過去分詞(規則變化)
a. 一般情況下,在動詞之後加ed
b. 以e結尾的,在動詞之後加od
c. 輔音字母+y結尾的,把y改為i再加ed
d. 重讀閉音節結尾;最後只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫輔音字母再加ed
初中英語高頻動詞用法大匯總
一.加to do的高頻考查動詞
1. afford to do 負擔的起做某事
We can’t afford to make any mistakes.我們承擔不起任何失誤。
2. agree to do 同意做某事
Do you agree to have dinner today? 今天你同意一塊吃飯嗎?
3. choose to do 選擇做某事
Why do so many choose to leave their country? 為什麼有這么多人要離開祖國?
4. decide to do 決定做某事
She decided to accept the offer. 她決定接受這一提議。
5. expect to do 期待做某事
The shop expects to make more money this year. 這家店鋪期望今年多賺點錢。
6. hope to do 希望做某事
I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年某一時候再見到你。
二. 加sb. to do的高頻考查動詞
1. allow ab. to do 允許某人做某事
My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone. 老闆不許我使用電話。
2. cause ab. to do 導致某人做某事
The beliefin god causes people to do good. 對上帝的信仰使人行善。
3. encourage sb. to do 鼓勵某人做某事
Peter, my English teacher, never fails to encourage us to study hard. 我的英文老師彼得總是鼓勵我們要好好用功。
4. force sb. to do 強迫某人做某事
No power on earth could force me to do it. 誰也不能強迫我做這事。
5. invite sb. to do 邀請某人做某事
We invite her to have Thanksgiving dinner with us. 我們邀請她和我們一起吃感恩節晚餐。
三. 後加doing的高頻考查動詞
1. avoid doing 避免做某事
Avoid crossing this street at rush hours. 避免在交通擁擠時間穿越這條街道。
2. consider doing 考慮做某事
Would you consider working in New York next year? 明年你考慮到紐約工作嗎?
3. enjoy doing 享受做某事
I enjoy singing, much more listening to music. 我喜歡唱歌,更不用說聽音樂了。
4. finish doing 結束做某事
It took us a whole week to finish painting the home. 我們花了整整一星期的時間才把房子粉刷好。
5. hate doing 討厭做某事
The boys hate doing homework on Sundays. 男孩們討厭在星期日做家庭作業。
6. imagine doing 想像做某事
I can't imagine living with a drunk. 我想像不出與一個醉漢生活在一起的情形。
四. 加do的高頻考查動詞
1. let sb. do 讓某人做某事
I hope you can pardon his badness and let him start all over again.希望您能原諒他的不好,讓他從新開始。
2. make sb. do 使某人做某事
He find it impossible to make her change her mind. 他發現使她改變主意是不可能的。
3. hear sb. do 聽見某人做某事
The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大聲叫嚷的孩子聽不到媽媽的叫喚。
4. have sb. do 要求某人做某事
Will you like to have him call you back ? 要他給你回個電話嗎?
5. would rather do than do 寧願做...不願做...
They would rather go fishing than stay at home. 他們寧願去釣魚,也不願待在家裡。
6. had better do 最好做某事
You had better have another think. 你最好 再想一想。
五. 加to doing的高頻考查動詞
1. prefer doing to doing 寧願做...不願做...
Their teacher prefers doing to talking. 他們的老師喜歡做而不喜歡說。
2. be used to doing 習慣做某事
I'm not used to doing shopping online. 我不習慣於網上購物。
3. look forward to doing 期待做某事
I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望著能自己一人待在這所房子里。
4. pay attention to doing 注意力集中在做某事上
You should pay attention to picking your words . 你應該注意措詞。
5. devote … to doing 奉獻...去做某事
I devote myself to helping the poor. 我致力於幫助窮人。
六. 加to do= 加doing的高頻考查動詞
1. start to do =start doing 開始做
When did you start to learn English? 你何時開始學英語的?
2. learn to do = learn doing學著做
She is learning to play the piano. 她在學彈鋼琴。
3. continue to do = continue doing繼續做
Bread continues to rise in price. 麵包的價格繼續上漲。
七. 加to do≠加doing的高頻考查動詞
1. forget to do 忘記要做
Don't forget to leave room for our teacher.
forget doing做了某事而把它忘記了
2. remember to do記得要做
remember doing記得做過
6. 初中英語動詞的種類重要知識點總結
動詞是表示動作或狀態的詞,按其詞義和在句子中的'作用可分為行為動詞,連系動詞,助動詞和情態動詞。
1.行為動詞
行為動詞可分為及物動詞(vt)和不及物動詞(vi),及物動詞表示動作或狀態,有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,後跟賓語;不及物動詞表示動作或狀態,有完整的詞義,能單獨作謂語,但後面不能直接跟賓語,如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構成短語。
如:
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2.連系動詞
連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語。常用的連系動詞有be,get,turn,become,look,feel,grow,seem,sound,taste,smell等。
如:
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3.助動詞
助動詞本身無詞義,不能單獨作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞,表示否定,疑問及動詞的時態、語態、人稱和數等語法特徵,助動詞有be,do,have,shall,will等。
如:
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4.情態動詞
情態動詞本身有一定的意義,但不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞原形一起構成謂語,表示說話人的語氣和情態。情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化。情態動詞有can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare等。
如:
Can I help you?
-Must we go now?-No,you needn't.
a.can與be able to的用法有所區別。can只用於一般現在時和過去時,指本身有能力的"能";be able to用於各種時態均可,指須經過努力而"能"。
b.must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認為"必須",只用於一般現在時和一般將來時;have/has to表示客觀需要,意為"不得不",它可用於各種時態。
c.need和dare既可作情態動詞也可作行為動詞。
7. 初中英語動詞的語法知識點歸納
動詞的定義:
動詞是表示動作或狀態的詞,【中考英語】語法基礎-6。 例如: work,工作 , study,學習,eat 吃。
動詞的分類:動詞有兩種分類方法。
1) 限定動詞和非限定動詞。
限定動詞在句中作謂語,有人稱和數的變化。非限定動詞有動詞不定式,動名詞和分詞三種。在句中不能單獨作謂語,沒有人稱和數的變化。
2)實義動詞,連系動詞,情態動詞和助動詞。
實義動詞有完整的詞義,並能單獨作謂語,實義動詞又可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。例如:
study 學習, reach 到達, see 看見, rise 升起。
連系動詞在句中作謂語動詞,後面跟表語。連系動詞有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel, appear, remain, turn。
情態動詞表示能力,義務,必要,猜測等說話人的語氣或情態。情態動詞只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語動詞。情態動詞有 can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等。
助動詞只能和主要動詞一起構成各種時態,語態和語氣等動詞形式。
do, shall, will, have, has.
動詞的基本形式:
英語動詞有四種基本形式:動詞原形,過去式,過去分詞和現在分詞。這四種動詞形式和助動詞一起構成動詞的時態,語態和語氣。
動詞的原形。就是詞典中所給的形式。例如:be, have, buy, sit.
動詞過去式和過去分詞的構成有規則的和不規則的兩種形式。規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞,由在原形動詞的後面加詞尾 -ed 構成。
work - worked - worked
不規則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的.形式是不規則的,須要一一記憶。
go - went - gone do - did - done
動詞的現在分詞由動詞原形加 -ing 構成。構成方法如下:
1)一般情況在動詞原形後加 -ing 。
go---going stand---standing
2)以不發音的 e 結尾的動詞,去掉 e ,再加 -ing. 動詞是閉音節的單音節詞,或是以重讀閉音節結尾的多音節詞,而末尾只有一輔音字母時,這個輔音字母須雙寫,然後再加 ing。
arrive- arriving get- getting
3)少數幾個以 -ie 結尾的動詞,須將 ie 變成 y ,再加 ing.例如: die--dying lie--lying。
動詞的時態
8. 初中英語常用的動詞用法
學好了動詞,就相當於學好了英語。的確是這樣,英語動詞在初中階段可謂舉足輕重。那麼接下來給大家分享一些關於初中英語常用的動詞用法,希望對大家有所幫助。
初中英語常用動詞用法:
1. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人去做某事
My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.
2. asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
My father asked me to study hard.He asked me not to swim alone.
be asked to do sth. 被叫去做某事/被邀請去做某事
I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.
3. be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事She is afraid to ask me questions.
4. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事I am afraid of going out at night.
5. be afraid of sth. 害怕某物He is afraid of snakes.
6. be amazed to do sth. 對做某事感到驚訝He was amazed to meet the girl there.
be amazed at sth. 對某事感到驚訝they were amazed at the news
7. be busy doing/with sth. 忙於做某事 (常考)
e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那時候我正忙於清洗我的車子。
I am busy with my work.
8. be coming/going/leaving/flying/moving/dying(某些位移動詞用進行時態時表將來)
the bus is coming/the dog is dying.
9. be excited to do sth. 對做……感到興奮
Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.
be excited at sth.
Lily was excited at his words.
be excited about doing sth.
he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.
10. be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事
Sam is frightened to ride a horse.
11. be glad/happy to do sth. 高興去做某事
she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.
be pleased to do sth. 高興做某事
she was pleased to help the old man yesterday
be pleased with sth. 對某事感到高興/滿意
the teacher was pleased with my answer.
12. be interested in sth./doing sth. 對某事感興趣/對做某事感興趣
she is interested in swimming in the river.
My brother is interested in Chinese.
13. be/get ready for/to do sth.Be ready for sth. 為某事做好了准備
We are ready for the exam.Be ready to do sth. 為做某事做好了准備
We are ready to have a birthday party for her.
get ready for sth.為某事在做准備
We are getting ready for the exam.
13. be sorry to do sth. 對做某事感到抱歉
14. be surprised to do sth. 對做某事感到驚奇
be surprised at sth. 對某事感到驚奇
15. be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 (worth 後接動詞-ing形式,常考)
16. begin to do sth.begin/start to do/doing sth.
17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth. 有能力購買(供)……
18. can/may/must do sth. could/would/should/might do sth.
19. can't wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事
20. decide to do sth. 決定去做某事
make up one's mind to do sth. 下決心去做某事 (常考)
make a decision to do sth. 對做某事作出決定
21. deserve to do sth. 值得/應該做……
22. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人去做某事
23. enjoy doing sth. 樂意去做某事
24. expect (sb.) to do sth. 期望去做某事
25. fail to do sth. 做某事失敗succeed doing sth. 成功做了某事
26. finish doing sth. 做完某事(後接動詞-ing形式) (常考)
27. follow sb to do sth. 跟隨某人去做某事
28. get sb. to do sth.make sb. do sth.let sb. do sth.
29. get/have a chance to do sth.得到一個做某事的機會
30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb. sth./ sth. to sb.buy/get/bring sb. sth. / sth. for sb.
31. go on to do sth. 繼續做事(常考)
go on doing sth. 繼續做事(常考)
32. hate to do/doing sth. 討厭/不喜歡做某事
33. have fun doing sth.
34. have problems doing sth.做某事遇到困難
35. have sb. do sth.have sth. donehave sth. to do 有事要做
36. hear sb. do sth. 聽到某人做某事(後接動詞原形,常考)hear sb. doing sth. 聽到某人正在做某事(常見)
37. help to do sth. 幫忙做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事
38. hope/wish to do sth. 希望做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
39. I t seems that 這像是……(後接從句)seem to do sth.seem +adj.
40. It's + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.
It's + adj. +(of sb.) to do sthe.g: It's glad for him to hear the news.
41. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花費某人多長時間做某事(常考)
42. pay …for…costspend…on…..it take …to do sth.
43. It's best for sb to do sth.. 對某人來說做某事是最好的
had better do sth. 最好做某事 (注意had沒有時態和人稱的變化,better後接動詞原形)
44. It's time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的時候了
45. keep (on)doing sth. 堅持做某事(常考)keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人做某事(常考)
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(常考)keep sb./ sth. +adj.
keep the book for 2 days 借這本書兩天(不要用borrow或lend)
46. learn to do sth. 學做某事learn sth. from sb. 向某人學習
47. like to do/doing sth. 喜歡做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜歡某人做某事
48. need to do sth.need doing sth./to be doneneed sth .needn't do sth.
49. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧願……而不願……(常考)
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡做……勝過做……
e.g: I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起購物來,我更愛讀書。
prefer to do sth. 喜歡(愛)做某事
50. refuse to do sth. 拒絕做……
初中英語動詞固定搭配:
1. want to do sth. 想要做某事
I want to buy a new computer this afternoon.
我想今天下午買台新電腦。
2. would like to do sth.想要做某事
I would like to invite you to come to my birthday party this Saturday.
我想邀請你這周六來我的聚會。
3. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
I wish to live on the moon one day.
我希望有一天在月球上生活。
4. help to do sth. 幫助做某事
I often help to do some chores at home.
我在家經常幫著做家務。
5. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
I hope to have a good rest this weekend.
我希望這周末好好休息一下。
6. learn to do sth. 學會做某事
He finally learned to play the piano with the help of the teacher.
在老師的幫助下,他最終學會了彈鋼琴。
7. manage to do sth. 設法做成某事
They managed to escape the fire yesterday.
昨天他們設法逃脫了火災。
8. offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事
Never offer to teach fish to swim.
別在強人面前逞能。
9. plan to do sth. 計劃做某事
He plans to travel around the world.
他計劃要周遊世界。
10. afford to do sth. 負擔得起做某事(時間或金錢方面)
We can』t afford to go abroad this summer.
今年夏天我們沒有足夠的錢 出國 。
11. agree to do sth. 做某事
He agreed to do it at once.
他同意立刻行動。
12. arrange to do sth.安排做某事
I arrange to wash clothes tomorrow morning.
我安排好明天上午洗衣服。
13. ask to do sth. 要求做某事
The boy asks to go to school by bike.
這個男孩要求騎自行車去上學。
14. beg to do sth. 懇求做某事
He begged not to be put into prison.
他祈求不要被關進監獄。
15. care to do sth. 願意/喜歡做某事
16. choose to do sth. 選擇做某事
He chose to believe what she had said.
他選擇相信她說的話。
17. decide to do sth. 決定做某事
She has decided to travel all over the world.
她已經決定周遊世界了。
18. demand to do sth. 要求做某事
19. determine to do sth. 決心做某事
He determined to learn French.
他下定決心學習法語。
20. expect to do sth. 等待做某事
I am expecting to hear from you soon.
我期待著早點收到你的來信。
21. fear to do sth. 懼怕做某事
She fears to live on the mountain.
她害怕住在山上。
22. prepare to do sth. 預備做某事
They prepared to go hiking this Sunday.
他們准備周日去遠足。
23. pretend to do sth. 偽裝做某事
She pretended not to see me.
她假裝沒有看到我。
24. promise to do sth. 答應做某事
I have promised to give the children some books.
我已經答應給孩子們一些書了。
25. refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事
She refused to buy a new cellphone for her boy.
她拒絕給她兒子買新手機。
初中英語常用動詞注意事項:
一、主動表被動的情況
1. 感觀系動詞,look, seem, sound, feel, smell, taste等
eg. The fish tastes nice.
2. measure, weigh等表示度量的動詞。
eg. The elephant weights nearly a ton.
3. wash, clean, open, sell, read, last, write, steer等不及物動詞可以表示被動意義。eg.The ship steer easily.
二、被動句表示主動含義。
She was dressed in a red skirt.
此類動詞常見於dress, seat, devote, adapt, accustom 等後面可以接反身代詞的動詞。
二、時態,語態
1. 用進行時表示一種情緒。
She is always helping others.(表贊揚)
The man is always smoking in the office, which offends others very much.
2. 一般過去時表示某一動作已完成,過去進行時表示動作可能未完成。
He wrote a letter yesterday morning.(信已寫完)
He was writing a letter yesterday evening. (信可能還未寫完)
3.現在完成時可表示動作持續至今,一般過去時則表示動作已結束,並不強調對現在造成的影響或結果。
I have lived in this street.(我一直住這條街上)
I lived in this street.(我曾住在這條街上)
4.表示幾個連續動作時,盡管有先後,仍要用相同時態。
He came into the classroom, put down the book and wrote a few words on the blackboard.
5. 在條件和時間狀語從句中常用一般時表示將來。
6.敘述過去發生的某件事情常用一般過去時,表示過去某個時間或動作之後發生的事情才用過去將來時,過去某個時刻/段內正發生的事情,才用過去進行時,過去某個時間或動作之前發生的事情才用過去完成時。因此找准時間的參照點,是正確運用時態的關鍵。
7.羅列並熟記各種時態的被動形式。
三.動詞的類別與特徵中的注意點
1.兼作Vt.,Vi.的動詞
(1)對兼作Vt.,Vi.的動詞,要注意根據不同的情況選擇使用。
The children are flying their kites in the square.( Vt.)
We saw a plane flying high up in the sky.( Vi.)
(2)有些動詞後跟從句時為Vt., 其它 情況為Vi.,但意義基本不變。典型的有wonder, think, insist, agree,等。
The headmaster insisted that the students should wear school uniforms .
The headmaster insisted on the students wearing school uniforms.
(3)有些動詞在Vt. Vi.之間,意義有所不同。如run, stand, lie等
She stood alone under the tree.
I can』t stand such cold weather.
2.常用的雙賓動詞有give, teach, lend, bring, explain, send, offer, pay, sell, buy, tell, show, write, ask, wish, read等,這些動詞都帶有一定的趨向性。因此轉換成帶介詞的情況時,常可用for , to 來轉換。
注意:explain sth. to sb.=explain to sb. sth., describe sth. to sb.=describe to sb. sth.
3.帶賓補的動詞,注意賓補的邏輯主語是動詞賓語
賓補常是名詞、形容詞、介詞 短語 ,副詞和非謂語動詞等。常見的此類動詞有make, have, let, get, keep, find, see, feel, notice等,但要注意不同的動詞有不同的接法。
He kept the children (keep不能用不定式作賓補)
Make…do, have…do/doing/done,get…to do/done, find…doing/done, leave…to do/doing/介詞短語/a./ad., see…doing/do/done
4.後面常接-ing的動詞及短語:suggest, finish, avoid, can』t help, mind, need, enjoy, require, postpone, delay, practice, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, admit, enre, escape, miss, appreciate, dislike, have a good time doing, put off, call off, give up
5.有些動詞後面接to do 和-ing時意義基本相同,而有的則完全不同,要注意
Love, like, hate, forget, remember, stop, begin, start, continue, prefer, regret, intend, mean, want, need, require, neglect, try, deserve, can』t bear等
6.注意狀態動詞和動態動詞的選用
Mother asked the son to notice his manners at the party. (notice就改為mind)
再如:listen/hear, look/see, look for/find, advise/persuade, marry/be married, join/be in等。
7.注意have表「有」時,及系動詞一般不能用進行時態。
8.注意表示「有」時,have與there be 的選用
9.注意動詞片語分類(見<零距離>),尤其要注意各類動詞片語的使用特點及有的動詞片語的主被動轉換使用。
Make use of sth→sth is made use of(介詞不要掉了)/use is made of sth.
10.Hope, intend, expect, plan, want, think, mean 等動詞用過去完成時表示沒有實現的願望,計劃,打算等
初中英語常用的動詞用法相關 文章 :
★ 初中英語動詞的知識點總結
★ 初中英語動詞知識點:Be動詞定義及用法
★ 初中英語常用片語有哪些?以及它們的用法是?
★ 初中英語中的常見語法
★ 初中英語語法專題代詞與常用動詞
★ 初中英語必須掌握的19個重點語法知識點
★ 初中英語情態動詞的用法歸納
★ 初中英語動詞短語大全
★ 初中英語語法專題動詞語常用短語
9. 基礎英語語法知識(詞類)
基礎英語語法知識匯總(詞類)
語法是英語學習的重點也是難點,你對英語單詞的分類了解嗎?下面是我為大家帶來的基礎英語語法知識匯總,歡迎閱讀。
1、 動詞:行為動詞、be動詞、情態動詞。
(1)行為動詞 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具體判斷方法如下:
(2)be動詞
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were
口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有復數全用are。
b、肯定和否定句
I am (not) from London.
He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long.
Her eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑問句
Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.
Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren』t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
is、am、are為一類,一般用於一般現在時、現在進行時和一般將來時中。 was和were為另一類,一般用於一般過去時。
(3)情態動詞 can、must、should、would、may。
情態動詞後動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)
2、 名詞 這里強調兩點:不可數名詞都默認為單數,所以總是用is或者was。
如何加後綴:
a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以「輔音字母+y」結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以「f或fe」結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不規則名詞復數: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
3、 形容詞(包括副詞) 形容詞表示某一事物或的'特徵,副詞表示某一動作的特徵。
形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。 未作比較的情況下就用原形,比較時就+er。
兩個重要特徵:as……as中間一定用原形,有than的時候一定+er。
4、 人稱代詞和物主代詞
人稱代詞: 有主格和賓格之分。 一般動詞前用主格,動詞後用賓格。 物主代詞: 有兩類:形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長的) 一般看後面有沒有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無,就用名詞性物主代詞(長的)。
5、 數量詞
我們學過兩類:基數詞和序數詞。基數用於表示數量多少,而基數詞用於表示次序,常在日期中出現。序數詞的前面一般都加the。 6、冠詞 有a、an、the。a和an的區別:an用於母音音素(一般就是母音字母aeiou)前,a用於輔音音素前。
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