1. 英語句子小知識積累
英語句子小知識積累
最好用的20句生活英語
1. After you.你先請。這是一句很常用的客套話，在進／出門,上車得場合你都可以表現一下。
2. I just couldn't help it.我就是忍不住。想想看，這樣一個漂亮的句子可用於多少個場合？下面是隨意舉的一個例子：
I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn't help it.
3. Don't take it to heart.別往心裡去，別為此而憂慮傷神。生活實例：
This test isn't that important. Don't take it to heart.
4. We'd better be off.我們該走了。It's getting late. We'd better be off .
5. Let's face it.面對現實吧。常表明說話人不願意逃避困難的現狀。
參考例句：I know it's a difficult situation. Let's face it, OK?
6. Let's get started.咱們開始干吧。勸導別人時說：Don't just talk. Let's get started.
7. I'm really dead.我真要累死了。坦誠自己的感受時說：After all that work, I』m really dead.
8. I've done my best.我已盡力了。
9. Is that so?真是那樣嗎？常用在一個人聽了一件事後表示驚訝、懷疑。
10. Don't play games with me!別跟我耍花招！
11. I don't know for sure.我不確切知道。
Stranger：Could you tell me how to get to the town hall? Tom: I don't know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.
12. I'm not going to kid you.我不是跟你開玩笑的。
Karin：You quit the job? You are kidding. Jack: I'm not going to kid you. I'm serious.
13. That's something.太好了，太棒了。
A: I'm granted a full scholarship for this semester. B: Congratulations. That's something.
14. Brilliant idea!這主意真棒！這主意真高明！
15. Do you really mean it?此話當真？
Michael：Whenever you are short of money, just come to me. David: Do you really mean it?
16. You are a great help.你幫了大忙
17. I couldn't be more sure.我再也肯定不過。
18. I am behind you.我支持你。
A: Whatever decision you're going to make, I am behind you.
19. I'm broke.我身無分文。
20. Mind you!請注意！聽著！(也可僅用Mind。) 模範例句：Mind you! He's a very nice fellow though bad-tempered.
21. You can count on it.你盡管相信好了，盡管放心。
A：Do you think he will come to my birthday party? B: You can count on it.
22. I never liked it anyway.我一直不太喜歡這東西。當朋友或同事不小心摔壞你的東西時就可以用上這句話給他一個台階，打破尷尬局面：Oh, don't worry. I'm thinking of buying a new one. I never liked it anyway.
23. That depends.看情況再說。
例：I may go to the airport to meet her. But that depends.
24. Congratulations.恭喜你，祝賀你。
25. Thanks anyway.無論如何我還是得謝謝你。當別人盡力要幫助你卻沒幫成時，你就可以用這個短語表示謝意。
26. It's a deal.一言為定Harry：Haven't seen you for ages. Let's have a get-together next week. Jenny: It's a deal
超實用交際英語40句
1) o! Is (Tom ) in ?
2) Nice to meet you. I'm Bill Dillon.
3) Nice day, isn't it?
4) I'll take all of them.
5) May I / Could I speak to …?
6) Is that … (speaking)? Yes, it is
7) How is everything going?
8) Have a nice trip.
9) This is … (speaking) .
10) Looks like rain, doesn't it ?
11) Shall I open the window for you ?
12) Hold on (for a moment), please./ Just a moment, please. / Wait a moment, please.
13) Who is that? / Can I ask who's calling?
14) Can you tell me the way to the nearest bus stop?
15) Hi ! I'm Judy Drew.
16) Why don't you use a knife?
17) I'm afraid he/she isn't here/ in right now.
18) Can I take a message for you?
19) Will you give him a message, please?
20) -Does he /she have your number?
--Perhaps not. My number is….
21) How about going for a walk?
22) The line is busy. I'll try again later.
23) Which is the way to the nearest post office?
24) I've lost a case , I wonder if it has been found.
25) May I use the telephone?
26) I can't get through (to sb) . I'll try again later.
27) Take your time , please.
28) May I try it on ?
29) I just call to say …
30) Wrong number!/ I'm afraid you've dialed a wrong number.
31) The line is bad./ It's not a good line.
32) I want to have a look at… .
33) How much is it?
34) I can't decide which to buy.
35) Can you make it cheaper?
36) You are wanted on the phone.
37) I wonder if I could park here.
38) There is a call for you.
39) Would you please not smoke here ?
40) You're welcome.
哀求情人的十句話
1． Don』t leave me, please.
求你不要離開我。
2． Can we give it one more try?
我們可不可以再試試看？
3． I can』t live without you.
沒有你我活不下去。
4． I can』t stand losing you.
我不能失去你。
5． I』ll change, I promise.
我會改的，我保證。
6． I won』t hurt you anymore.
我不會再傷害你了
7． My life would be miserable without you.
沒有你我的生活會很凄慘的。
8． Please give me one more chance.
請再給我一次機會。
9． Don』t you know how much I love you?
難道你不曉得我有多愛你嗎？
10．I know it』s all my fault. I』ll never break your heart again. Please forgive me.
我知道都是我的錯。我再也不會傷你的心。請原諒我。
生活中常用的五星級句子
熟練地運用英語的一個重要方面就是學習並掌握英語本族者常用的生動、活潑的習語。
1. After you. 你先請。
這是一句很常用的客套話，在進／出門和上車的場合你都可以表現一下。
2. I just couldn』t help it.
我就是忍不住。
下面是隨意舉的一個例子： I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn』t help it.
3. Don』t take it to heart.
別往心裡去，別為此而憂慮傷神。
生活實例：This test isn』t that important. Don』t take it to heart.
4. We』d better be off. 我們該走了。It』s getting late. We』d better be off.
5. Let』s face it. 面對現實吧。
常表明說話人不願意逃避困難的現狀。
參考例句：I know it』s a difficult situation. Let』s face it, OK?
6. Let』s get started.
咱們開始干吧。
勸導別人時說：Don』t just talk. Let』s get started.
7. I』m really dead. 我真要累死了。坦誠自己的感受時說：After all that work, I』m really dead.
8. I』ve done my best. 我已盡力了。
9. Is that so? 真是那樣嗎？
常用在一個人聽了一件事後表示驚訝、懷疑。
10. Don』t play games with me!
別跟我耍花招！
11. I don』t know for sure.
我不確切知道。
Stranger： Could you tell me how to get to the town hall?
Tom: I don』t know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.
12. I』m not going to kid you.
我不是跟你開玩笑的。
Karin： You quit the job? You are kidding.
Jack: I』m not going to kid you. I』m serious.
13. That』s something.
太好了，太棒了。
A: I』m granted a full scholarship for this semester.
B: Congratulations. That』s something.
說英語也有性別之分
語言本是人們溝通的工具，沒有性別之分，但由於男女的社會分工、性格特色、生理特點不同，每一種語言都深深地打上了性別的烙印。在國外，有部分社會語言學家，專門研究語言與性別的關系。美國有一位學者Graham Goodwin，從1980年到1990年，先後十次，在費城街頭，收集不同年齡、種族、職業的男、女行人的談話，進行比較研究，結果發現，與男人的語言相比，女人
的語言至少有下列特點。
A 女人喜歡使用第一人稱復數(我們)形式，比如We need……(我們需要)，而男人喜歡使用第一人稱單數(我)，比如I want……(我想要)。
B女人喜歡使用平易、通俗的單詞，比如用nice、sweet等來形容(好)，而男人喜歡使用華麗、誇張的單詞，比如用splendid、gorgeous等來形容「好」。
C女人喜歡創造一些比較女性化的說法，比如dove grey(類似鴿子羽毛的`灰色)，而男人喜歡使用英語標準的說法，比如light grey(淺灰色)。
D女人重視語法的正確性，比如We＇re going to……(我們正在去/即將去)，而男人不重視語法的正確性，比如We＇re gonna……(我們正在去/即將去)。
E女人喜歡直接引用，比如Hannah said that……(漢娜說)，而男人喜歡間接引用，比如She said that……(她說)。
F女人喜歡禮貌表達，比如Would you please……(您能)，而男人喜歡常規表達，比如Can you……(你能)。
最後一個，同時也是最重要的一個特點，那就是女人喜歡傾聽，而男人喜歡訴說，比如下面一段對話，拿給普通的美國人看一遍，然後讓他們判斷一下A和B的性別，結果所有人都認為：喋喋不休的A是男人，隨聲附和的B是女人。
A I saw a kingfisher Saturday morning.
B Did you?
A It took off about three feet from my side. I didn＇t see it in the bush. It took off out of a bush...
B Mmmm.
A Passed the front of my canoe and flew into a tree. I sat there...
B Very nice.
A and thought ...
B Yeah.
A It looked down at me? and it was really bright.
B Beautiful.
英語數字趣談
初學英語者時常會遇到一些由英語數字組成的習語，如：to be dressed up to the nines, to be in sixes and sevens, to arrive at the eleventh hour等等。雖然這些都是大家所熟悉的常用數字，但是由它們組成的習語的意思卻與數字毫不相關。
1．one-horse town--鄉村小鎮。
這一短語源自美國，由小鎮僅擁有一匹馬而來。
由此引申，one-horse現在可以表示 「極小的、簡陋 的、次要的」 意思，如one-horse show（小型展覽會）。
由one組合成的習語。而又毫無 「一」 這一含義的習語還有：
(1) He was one too many for me.
我不是他的對手。
(2) Number one -- 自己。
由此而衍生to look after number one（自私，追求自己的利益）
2．Two of a trade did never agree -- 同行相輕。
這是一句古老的諺語。
由two組合成的習語還有：
(1) when two Fridays come together.
「永遠不」的遁詞。
(2) The two eyes of Greece.
希臘古代的兩座城市「雅典」和「斯巴達」。
3．Three sheets in the wind -- 酩酊大醉。
sheet 的一個詞義是「系在帆下角的金屬環上的帆腳索」。如果帆腳索沒有系扣住時，船帆可以任意 隨風飄揚。船員們稱之為 in the wind。A sheet in the wind由此成為船員們一句口頭語言，表示 tipsy（微醉）。Three sheets in the wind 自然是大醉特醉了。
由three組合成的習語還有：
Three score and ten --古稀之年。
score在英語中是「二十」的意思。盡管這一習語中的數字加起來是七十，但在引喻中只是泛指老年而已。
4．Four-letter words -- 粗俗的下流話。由此而衍生出four-letter man（專喜使用粗俗的下流話的人）。
由four組合的另一習語是：
Four-sale 廉價的啤酒；每品脫原來只賣四便士的啤酒。
;2. 英語語法句子種類的基礎知識
關於英語語法句子種類的基礎知識
初中英語語法:英語語法句子種類基礎知識
句子的種類可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。
1. 凡是說明一件事情，提出一個看法，或者表達一種心情的句子都是陳述句。大多數的句子都是陳述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句號"."，通常用降調。
掌握陳述句的肯定式和否定式的構成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我們住在天津。
We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我們不住在上海。
注意：（1）在一般現在時的肯定式中，主語是第三人稱單數時，動詞要改成第三人稱單數形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
（2）一般現在時和一般過去時的否定式要加助動詞do （does）, did.
e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜歡游泳。
He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午飯。
They didn't play football yesterday. 他們昨天沒有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句的構成、用法和答語。注意在一般現在時和一般過去時的疑問句要加助動詞do（does）, did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在學校你常講英語嗎？
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟嗎？
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?
昨天晚上做作業花了你2個小時嗎？
What do you often do on Sundays ?
星期日你常常干什麼？
When does your father get up every morning ?
你父親每天早晨幾點鍾起床？
Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday ?
昨天你們的老師為什麼沒來學校呢？
提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對方選擇一種，這種疑問句叫選擇疑問句。結構是："一般疑問句＋or＋一般疑問句"，但常把後一部分裡面和前一部分相同的成分省略。說明or前面部分用升調，後面部分用降調。
e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?
她的兄弟是一個藝術家還是個醫生？
Would you like tea or coffee ?
你願意喝茶還是喝咖啡？
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?
我們是周六還是周日去電影院？
反意疑問句表示提問者有一定的主見，但沒把握，希望對方來證實。
注意反意疑問句的結構是：肯定的陳述句＋否定的疑問句（縮略形式）
或：否定的陳述句＋肯定的疑問句（縮略形式）
兩部分的人稱和時態要一致。
特別要注意否定的疑問句中的助動詞必須縮寫，主語（最後一個詞）必須是代詞而不能是名詞。
e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she ?
你姐姐曾經去過上海是嗎？
The boys didn't find anything , did they ?
男孩子們什麼也沒找到/發現，是不是？
在回答反意疑問句時，要根據事實而定，事實是肯定的要回答Yes , …，事實是否定的要回答No, ….
e.g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ?
他不去參加會，是嗎？
Yes , he is . 不，他要去。
No , he isn't. 是的/對，他不去。
It didn't snow last week , did it ?
上周沒有下雪，對嗎？
Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不，下雪了。是的，沒下雪。
3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句沒有主語。指讓對方做某事，動詞要用原形。表示請求，命令、建議等。
e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 請回到你的座位上去。
Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵鬧鬧。
Let's go to school together ! 咱們一起上學去吧！
（let's是含有第一人稱主語的祈使句）
Let him help the child. 讓他幫助那個孩子。（let him是含有第三人稱主語的祈使句）
注意：否定形式是Let's （us , me）+not +動詞原形
e.g. Let's not say anything about it.
對於這件事，咱們什麼也不要說了。
4. 表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情時用感嘆句，理解由What和How引導的感嘆句的語序和感嘆句的使用方法。How和What與所修飾的詞放在句首，其它部分用陳述句語序。在口語中謂語常省略。
（1）how作狀語，修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞
結構：How+形容詞/副詞＋主語＋謂語
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊！
（2）what作賓語，修飾名詞（名詞前可有其他定語），單詞可數名詞前要加不定冠詞a（an）.
結構：What a （an）+形容詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語
e.g. What a clever girl （she is ）!
她是一個多麼聰明的女孩啊！
What delicious food ! 多麼好吃的食物啊！
句子的類型可分為簡單句、並列句和復合句。
簡單句：The Simple Sentence由一個主語（或並列主語）和一個謂語（或並列謂語）構成的句子。
e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.
My mother and I often go shopping.
並列句：The Compound Sentence 由並列詞and , so , but , or等）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子。要掌握並列句的構成及用法。
e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我幫他，他幫我。
This is our first lesson , so I don't know all your names.
這是我們的第一節課，所以我不認識你們。
She likes bread and milk , but she doesn't like eggs at all.
她喜歡吃麵包和牛奶，但她一點兒也不喜歡吃雞蛋。
復合句：The Complex Sentence 由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子。
e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.
如果你病了，一定要去看醫生。（狀語從句）
I hope he's better tomorrow.
我希望他明天身體更好一些。（賓語從句）
熟練掌握賓語從句的`語序及關聯詞that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法，以及賓語從句的時態。
在復合句中作主句的賓語，叫賓語從句。
注意：賓語從句的語序必須是陳述句語序。
e.g. I asked him if he was a student.
賓語從句的時態呼應是：主句的時態是一般現在時，從句可以是任何一個時態。
如果主句的時態是一般過去時，從句必須是過去時態的一種形式。
當表示事實、真理、自然現象時必須用一般現在時。
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老師告訴我們地球圍繞太陽轉。
請注意防止出現以下錯誤：
A. They said that they'll leave if Peter stays.
時態錯誤，應改為：They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.
B. He asked why were you late for school.
語序錯誤，應改為：He asked why you were late for school .
C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?
標點錯誤，問號應該改為句號。
熟練掌握由when , before , after , as soon as , until , because , than , if , so …that等詞引導的時間、原因，比較，條件、結果狀語從句。
在復合句中修飾主句中的動詞，形容詞或副詞等的從句叫作狀語從句。
時間狀語從句：
When she reached home , she had a short rest.
當她到家時，她休息了一會兒。
Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.
朱娣在去昆士蘭之前已經寫完了那本書。
I went to bed after I finished my article.
我寫完文章之後才上床。
As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.
鈴聲一響，學生們就停止了談話。
We won't leave until the headteacher comes back.
班主任回來我們才會離開。
原因狀語從句：
The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.
孩子們去農場是因為農民們需要幫忙。
比較狀語從句：Jim is older than Lucy is.
吉姆比露西大。
條件狀語從句：
If it rains tomorrow , we won't hold a sports meeting on the sportsground .
如果明天下雨，我們就不在運動場上開運動會了。
結果狀語從句：
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
這個箱子太沉以致於我無法抬起來。
目的狀語從句：
The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said.
校長高聲講話為的是全體學生能夠聽到他所講的話。
讓步狀語從句：
Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.
雖然他年齡小，但卻認識許多事情。
狀語從句的時態要與主句時態相互呼應。但要注意以as soon as , when , until等引導的時間狀語從句表示將來的動作時，從句要用一般現在時表示將來。
e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.
他一到美國就給我寫信。
When I see him , I will tell him this good news.
當我見到他時，我將告訴他這個好消息。
We won't leave until we finish our homework .
直到完成作業我們才會離開。
以if引導的條件狀語從句假設的是將來的動作，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。
e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果條件狀語從句放在賓語從句中，時態則依照賓語從句的要求而變。
e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.
我母親說如果我努力學習，她要給我買一本書。
以because引導的原因狀語從句不可能和so一起連用。
e.g. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天沒來學校，因為他生病了。
注意防止出現以下錯誤：
A. I'm sure he'll ring you up if he will come back.
從句時態錯誤，will come應該改為comes.
B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.
中文習慣用"因為……所以……"，但在英語中because不能和so同時使用，應該去掉其中的一個。
;3. 20條有趣的英語小知識
1、劍橋大學的研究表明：單詞中字母的順序如何不重要，重要的是第一個和最後一個字母的位置。這是因為大腦在閱讀時不會讀到所有字母。
2、「WAS IT A CAR OR A CAT I SAW」（我看到的是一輛車還是一隻貓）這是英語中唯一一句反過來念還是一樣的句子。
3、英語單詞「Goodbye」來自於「God bye」，原意是「上帝與你同在」。
4、「The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog.」（這只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳過了一隻懶狗）這句話用到了字母表中的所有字母！
5、「Go」是英語中最短的完整句子。
6、單詞「onion」（洋蔥）來自於拉丁詞「unio」，意思是大珍珠。
7、單詞「tips」（小費）實際上是「To Insure Prompt Service」（保障快捷的服務）的首字母縮寫！
8、片語「rule of thumb」（經驗法則），是從一條古老的英國法律中來的，即：不能用超過大拇指粗細的東西打老婆。
9、英語中最長的單詞是「」（硅酸鹽沉著病）！
10、會說英語的中國人比會說英語的美國人還多。
11、單詞「listen」（聽）和「silent」（安靜的）用到了一樣的字母。
12、胡佛真空吸塵器在英國曾經非常流行，到現在很多人還把「vacuuming」（吸塵）說成「hoovering」（胡佛ing…）。
13、「Stressed」（壓力）倒過來拼就是「Desserts」（點心）。
14、英語中使用最多的字母是「E」，用得最少的是「Q」。
15、作家厄爾尼斯特·文森特·萊特曾經寫過一篇5萬字的小說《葛士比》，裡面沒有一個字母「E」！
4. 初中英語語法知識點大全
初中英語語法是初中學習的重點，下面總結了初中英語語法知識點，希望能幫助到大家學習英語。
句子成分
英語句子成分分七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。
1、主語：句子的主體，全句述說的對象。回答是「誰」或者「什麼」。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔當，位於句首。
如：The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、謂語：說明主語的動作或狀態。回答「做(什麼)」。由動詞或系動詞加表語擔任，常置於主語後。
如：The train leaves at 6 o』clock.
She is reading.
3、賓語：表示動作的對象。回答做的是「什麼」。一般由名詞或代詞擔當，常置於謂語後。
如：He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
注意：
（1）有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語,一個指物（直接賓語）,一個指人（間接賓語）。
間接賓語一般放在直接賓語前面。
如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)
（2）有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構成短語,放在直接賓語後面,來強調間接賓語。
如：He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)
4、表語：用以表述主語的特徵、狀態、身份等。回答是「什麼」或者「怎麼樣」。一般由名詞或形容詞擔任，置於系動詞或be動詞之後。
如：He is a student. We are tired.
注意：除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，
（1）表感官的動詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
（2）表轉變變化的動詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
（3）表延續的動詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定語：對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。
如：The black bike is mine.（形容詞）
The boy in blue is Jim.（介詞短語）
I have nothing to do today.（動詞不定式）
注意：
（1）當定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something等時，定語要放在其後作後置定語。例如： I tell him something interesting.
（2）不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之後。
例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、狀語：用以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及全句，通常由形容詞、代詞、數詞等擔任位置靈活。
（1）修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位於被修飾的詞之前；
如：I am very sorry.
（2）表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位於句子兩頭，強調時放在句首。
如：In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
（3）一些表示不確定時間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語通常位於be動詞、助動詞、情態動詞之後，動詞之前。
如：We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、補語：補充說明賓語怎麼樣或干什麼,。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔任。常位於賓語後。
如：He made me sad.（形容詞）
She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）
The war made him a soldier.（名詞）
I find him at home.（介詞短語）
I saw a cat running along the wall.（分詞）
8、同位語：通常緊跟在名詞、代詞後面,進一步說明它的情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。
如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
數詞的用法
1、表示年份：2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.
2、表示日期： 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.
3、表示時刻： 5：15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8：30→ eight thirty或half past
eight ; 10：45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.
4、表示編號：Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five;Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine
5、小數的讀法：5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.
6、「半」的表達： 1/2→half, 半小時→half an hour, 1.5小時→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.
7、序數詞前面加the時,表示順序,加a/an時表示「再一、又一」。
現在完成時
1、概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
2、句子結構：have/has + done
3、時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
4、否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5、一般疑問句：have或has。
現在進行時
1、概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2、時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3、基本結構：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首。
4、用法：
（1）表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。
例如： We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
（2）習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。
例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫，只處於寫作的狀態。)
（3）表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如：The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
（4）與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
例：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
（5）用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬時動詞的現在進行時可以表示將來。
例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
一般現在時
1、概念：指經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2、時間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays,
3、基本結構：動詞+原形（如主語為第三人稱單數，動詞上要加（e）S）
4、否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。
5、一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
一般過去時
1、概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2、時間狀語：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
3、基本結構：含有Be動詞主語+was/were+.不含有be動詞：主語+動詞過去式+.
4、否定句：帶be:主語+was/were not+動詞原形+.不帶be：主語+didn't+動詞原形+.
5、一般疑問句：含be動詞was或were放於句首；
不含be動詞用助動詞do的過去式did提問，同時還原行為動詞原型。
過去進行時
1、概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2、時間狀語：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
3、基本結構：was/were+doing
4、否定形式：was/were+not+doing.
5、一般疑問句：把was或were放於句首。
一般將來時
1、概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2、時間狀語：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.
3、基本結構：am/is/are+going to+do；will/shall+do.
4、否定形式：am/is/are+not+going to;在行為動詞前加will/shall(will適用於所有人稱，shall只用於第一人稱）
5、一般疑問句：be放於句首；will/shall提到句首。
過去將來時
1、概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
2、時間狀語：the next day(morning,year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3、基本結構：was/were+going to+do；would/should+do.
4、否定形式：was/were+not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.
5、一般疑問句：was或were放於句首；would/should提到句首。
5. 英語小知識有哪些啊
英語小知識如下：
1、「膚紋」（Subdermatoglyphic）是能夠寫出的最長且沒有字母重復的英語單詞。它有17個字母，是一個醫學名詞，指的是手指下面的一層皮膚。
2、「走」（Go）是英語中最短而且語法正確的句子。
3、英語里，沒有可以與「嘴」（mouth），「橘子」（orange），「銀」（silver），以及「紫色」（purple）押韻的單詞。
4、如果你將每個數字作為單詞依次寫出來（比如：一，二，三，四……），直到寫到十億的時候才會用到「b」這個字母。
5、Pangram Sentence（全字母短句）是指包括英語全部26個字母的短句。
6. 簡單英語語法知識
簡單英語語法知識
there be句式有時可以與情態動詞連用
■與 can / could 連用
There can be no doubt about that.
那是毫無疑問的。
Without heavy instry there can be no economic advance.
沒有重工業，就沒有經濟的發展。
If the police hadn』t closed the road there could have been a bad accident.
要不是警方關閉了道路，本來會發生嚴重車禍的。
■與may / might 連用
There might still be hope.
可能還有希望。
There may be a letter for me.
大概有我一封信。
There may be a storm tomorrow.
明天可能有風暴。
At the end there may be an index.
結尾處可能有索引。
There might be drinks if you wait for a bit.
如果你等一會兒，可能會有飲料。
There may be more importance in it than would seem.
它的重要意義可能要比看上去大。
■與must 連用
There must be a mistake.
一定是弄錯了。
He felt there must be something wrong.
他感到准有什麼問題。
There must be somebody at home—ring again.
家裡肯定有人——再按一下鈴。
There must be some book which could help.
一定有那麼本書可以幫我們的忙。
That can』t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不是解決問題的唯一辦法，肯定有另外的辦法。
■與 should 連用
There shouldn』t be any doubt about it.
對此不應有什麼懷疑。
It is important that there should be afire escape.
要有一個太平梯，這很重要。
The widow begged that there should be no reprisals.
遺孀祈求不要去搞復仇。
■與 ought to 連用
There ought to be a comma here.
這兒應有一個逗號。
There shouldn』t be any doubt about it.
對此不應有什麼懷疑。
There ought to be traffic lights at this crossroads.
這個十字路口應該有紅綠燈。
There ought to be enough of a fire left up there.
上面那兒殘留的火勢該夠大了。
There oughtn』t to have been any difficulty about it
此事本不應有什麼困難。
■與 used to 連用
There used to be a small park just around the corner.
以前在那個拐角就有一個小公園。
There are more flowers than there used to he.
現在比過去花兒更多了。
There used to be a cinema here, didn』t there?
過去這兒是有一家電影院的，是嗎?
There used to be a hospital here.
原來這里有家醫院。
There used to be four cinemas in the town, now there is only one.
過去這座城市有四家電影院。現在只有一家了。
從零開始學語法：情態動詞can與may的用法
can 的用法
一、表能力，有「能，會，能夠」的意思。例如：
-Can you drive a car? 你會開車嗎?
-Yes, I can. 我會。/ No, I can't. 我不會。
二、表允許，在口語中代替may，有「可以」的意思。
(見下面 may 的用法第四點)
三、表示可能性，常用於否定句和疑問句。例如：
Can it be true? 那會是真的嗎?
Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. 今天是星期天，他不可能在學校里。
很多同學都不太清楚 can 與 be able to 的異同吧，趕快來學習一下吧>>
may 的用法
一、表示許可或徵求對方的許可，有「可以」的意思。例如：
You may go now. 你可以走了。
May I use your computer? 我用一下你的電腦可以嗎?
二、回答以 may 開頭的疑問句有如下表達法：
-May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎?
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please. 請抽吧。
-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't. / No, you'd better not. 請不要抽煙。
三、表示猜測，通常只用於陳述句。例如：
You may be right. 你可能是對的。
四、在口語中 can 可以代替 may 表示許可，但 can 較隨便，may 更正式。例：
Can I use your bike, John? 約翰，我可以用一下你的自行車嗎?
May I have a look at your license please, sir? 先生，我可以看一下你的執照嗎?
從零開始學語法：情態動詞must與have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表義務，「必須」。例如：
You must talk to them about their study. 你必須同他們談談關於他們學習的事。
二、在否定結構中表不許。例如：
You mustn't leave here. 你不能離開這兒。
三、表推測，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的臉色那麼蒼白。
注意：之前我們說過 may 也可以表猜測，但是 may 暗含的可能性較小，must 暗含的可能性較大。另外否定的猜測是用can't。例如：
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那寶寶不大可能是病了。他那麼活躍。
四、表不可避免，「必然要，必定會」。例如：
All men must die. 人總有一死。
五、表主張，「堅持要，一定要」。例如：
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你堅持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、關於 must 的簡短回答：
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必須馬上打掃膳廳嗎?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必馬上打掃。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客觀的需要和義務，must 表主觀的`認識。例如：
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我沒搭上火車，所以我只得打的。(客觀上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必須努力學習。(主觀上認為應該努力學習)
二、在疑問句和否定句中，have to 多用助動詞 do 構成，must 則直接提前或加not。例如：
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事嗎?
而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允許：
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那兒。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那兒。
2014高考英語抓分訓練：情態動詞與虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、復合句(含答案解析)
一、情態動詞與虛擬語氣考點
I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1.________ (be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2.________ (listen) to my favourite music for an hour a day and 3.________ (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It's my desire that we 4.________ (hold) evening parties or 5.________ (organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that t here 6.________ (be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life 7.________ (will) be if I8.________ (realize) my dream. But I must face the exams. Without good marks, I 9.________ (will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it's high time that I 10.________ (encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.
二、不定式考點
Dear Editors，
My name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used 1.________ (be) a heavy smoker. I first started 2.________ (smoke) when I was only 15 alt hough I know it is very harmful 3.________ (smoke) at any time.
I read your magazine and know that there are some organizations 4.________ (help)people stop smoking.Participants learn 5.________ (recognise) smoking triggers and they try 6.________ (set) a date in the future when they will stop 7.________ (smoke)on purpose.Now, I am looking for some ideas 8.________ (help) myself 9.________ (give) up smoking and I expect myself 10.________ (accept) as a member of your organizations.
Yours sincerely，
Li Lei
三、分詞考點
Many years ago, a young foreigner 1.________ (call) Marco Polo travelled all the way from Italy to China. From then on a window to the east has been 2.________ (open) for westerners.
Two kinds of gold coins once 3.________ (make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.
Marco Polo was 4.________ (bear) in 1254. He l ived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marco's father and uncle were merchants. They had travelled to the east. So when Marco was young, he enjoyed 5.________ (listen) to the stories about the places 6.________ (visit) by his father. His father decided 7.________ (take) him on a trip. When Marco Polo was just 17, he left his country for China. They were among the first to go along the silk road. They had a lot of trouble in 8.________(explore). So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo, but he was very brave. After about four years, Marco met Kublai Khan who gave him a job. Marco spent 17 years 9.________ (work) for him. He visited most parts of China. He learned lots of 10.________ (interest) things about Chinese life. When he returned home, he let others know about things like coal and paper money. He wrote about his trip in a famous book.
四、動名詞考點
Everyone needs friends. There is an old 1.________ (say): friends are God's way of 2.________ (take) care of us. But how do you find real friendship and keep it?
The Care and Keeping of Friends by American author Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways of 3.________ (find) friends. Sally says 4.________ (arrive) at friendship is just like 5.________ (plant) a tree. You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a hard day, a good friend should l isten to your complaints and do their best 6.________ (help). To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your life. But things can't always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friends? You have to talk to them. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn't want 7.________ (talk), you could write a letter.
Sally says there are three steps to 8.________ (be) friends again. Tell him or her how you are feeling, say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also has advice on some small but important things like 9.________ (celebrate) your friends' success. Even if you haven't had a real friend before, you will start 10.________ (think) of having one if you read this book, because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life.
五、名詞性從句考點
Three years had passed and things were even worse than before. One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered. Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold everything 2.________ they had in their houses. They could neither get food nor clot hing. Many of them fell ill and died.
Now they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies. But they believed that 4.________ the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were, they would give them some help . In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth. Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital. He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.
A few days later, when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there, he replied in a low voice, 「I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there, and I will never forgive those who refused to hear us. Friends, let us do all we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government 10.________ supports them.」
六、定語從句考點
Some day, if you are lucky, you may see a bongo. But the only way 1.________ most people will see it is in a zoo. They are found in Africa, 2.________ they lived deep in forests. Even in Africa, very few people ever get to see a bongo. The bongo does not come out of the forest very often. It is an animal 3.________ keeps to itself.
The bongo has beautiful colouring. Its hair is bright brown mixed with orange and red. Down its back an d across its sides the bongo has yellowwhite strips. Animals 4.________ look for food at night usually have big eyes. This helps them see better at night. The forests in 5.________ bongos live are very dark. The eyes of bongos are very big. So, they have not trouble in living in the darkness.
Bongos in zoos do not like to go outside on bright days. They only go outside on those days when it is dark or very cloudy.
七、狀語從句考點
Two travelling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion's guestroom. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. 1.________ they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked 2.________， the older angel replied, 「Things aren't always 3.________they seem.」
The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, 4.________ very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had，the couple let the angels sleep in their bed 5.________ they could have a good night's rest. 6.________ the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, 7.________milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel, 「How could you have let this happen?」 「The first man had everything, yet you helped him，」 she accused. 「The second family had little 8.________ was willing to share everything and you let the cow die.」
「Things aren't always what they seem, 」 the older angel replied.「9.________ we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in the hole in the wall. 10.________ the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall and he wouldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer's bed, the angel of death came to his wife. I asked God if the angel could take the cow instead.」
八、復合句考點
Gandhi was honoured as the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1.________ he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869. 2.________ is recorded, he got married at the age of 13, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3.________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. 4.________ his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find 5.________ the problem of racial discrimination was serious. There he formed an organization and this was 6.________ he started to fight for equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, 7.________ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country. 8.________ in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure9.________ they could gain independence, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947. Unfortunately, Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10.________ opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
一、情態動詞與虛擬語氣考點
1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should) hold
5.(should) organize 6.(should) be 7.would
8.realized/ should realize/ were to realize 9.would
10.encouraged
二、不定式考點
1.to be 2.smoking/to smoke 3.to smoke 4.to help
5.to recognise 6.to set 7.smoking 8.to help
9.(to)give 10.to be accepted
三、分詞考點
1.called 2.opened 3.made 4.born 5.listening
6.visited 7.to take 8.exploring 9.working
10.interesting
四、動名詞考點
1.saying 2.taking 3.finding 4.a rriving 5.planting
6.to help 7.to talk 8.being 9.celebrating
10.thinking/to think
五、名詞性從句考點
1.how 2.that 3.that 4.if 5.how 6.that 7.that 8.what 9.how 10.that
六、定語從句考點
1.that 2.where 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.which
七、狀語從句考點
1 .As/When 2.why 3.what 4.but 5.where
6.When 7.whose 8.but 9.When 10.Since/Because
八、復合句考點
1.that 2.As 3.where 4.On/After 5.that 6.how
7.when 8.Though/Although 9.whether 10.who
小升初英語語法大全：情態動詞must與have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表義務，「必須」。例如：
You must talk to them about their study. 你必須同他們談談關於他們學習的事。
二、在否定結構中表不許。例如：
You mustn't leave here. 你不能離開這兒。
三、表推測，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的臉色那麼蒼白。
注意：之前我們說過 may 也可以表猜測，但是 may 暗含的可能性較小，must 暗含的可能性較大。另外否定的猜測是用can't。例如：
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那寶寶不大可能是病了。他那麼活躍。
四、表不可避免，「必然要，必定會」。例如：
All men must die. 人總有一死。
五、表主張，「堅持要，一定要」。例如：
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你堅持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、關於 must 的簡短回答：
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必須馬上打掃膳廳嗎?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必馬上打掃。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客觀的需要和義務，must 表主觀的認識。例如：
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我沒搭上火車，所以我只得打的。(客觀上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必須努力學習。(主觀上認為應該努力學習)
二、在疑問句和否定句中，have to 多用助動詞 do 構成，must 則直接提前或加not。例如：
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事嗎?
而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允許：
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那兒。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那兒。
2011年中考英語試題單項選擇之情態動詞和系動詞（1）
(2010 .河北省卷,31. 1) -Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?
-Yes, you ________.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
（2010湖南省婁底市5. 1） -Must I be in hospital for a week， Doctor? ?
-No， you . You can go back home tomorrow.?
A.mustn』t B.needn』t C. must?
（2010湖南省婁底市7. 1） -What do you think of the cake??
-I like it very much. It tastes .?
A.good B.terrible C. well
(2010.江蘇省鹽城市3.1)The desk is not dirty.You_______clean it.
A.mustn』t B.shouldn』t C.needn』t C.can』t
(2010.四川省內江市23. 1)-What is your mother going to do this Saturday?
--I』m not sure.She_____go to see my grandmother.
A.can B.must C.may
（2010.四川省自貢市31. 1）-May we leave the classroom now?
--No,you _________.You_________to leave until the bell rings.
A.must;are allowed B.can』t ,aren』t supposed
C.needn』t ;aren』t allowed
答案：ABACCC
;7. 英語句子成分講解知識
英語句子成分講解知識
英語句子的成分可分為主語、謂語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語及獨立成分等。以下是由我整理關於英語句子成分講解知識的內容，希望大家喜歡!
英語句子成分一：主語
一、主語(subject): 句子說明的.人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名詞)
He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數詞)
Seeing is believing. (動名詞)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主語從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)
英語句子成分二：謂語
二、謂語(predicate):說明主語的動作、狀態和特徵。
We study English.
He is asleep.
英語句子成分三：表語
表語(predicative):系動詞之後的成分，表示主語的性質、狀態和特徵。
He is a teacher. (名詞)
Seventy-four! You don』t look it. (代詞)
Five and five is ten. (數詞)
He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in. (副詞)
The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
To wear a flower is to say 「I』m poor, I can』t buy a ring. 」 (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表語從句)
常見的系動詞有: be, sound(聽起來)， look(看起來)， feel(摸起來)，smell(聞起來)，
taste(嘗、吃起來)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感覺) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
英語句子成分四：賓語
1)動作的承受者——動賓
I like China. (名詞)
He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數詞)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (動名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (賓語從句)
2)介詞後的名詞、代詞和動名詞——介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
;8. 英語基礎語法知識總結
英語基礎語法知識總結
英語必備語法知識
一、過去完成進行時
1.概念：表示某個正在進行的動作或狀態，持續到過去某個時刻，還未完成，一直持續到之後的當前才結束。
2.基本結構：主語+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考試之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧?
4.特殊含義：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已經在寫小說了。(他沒寫完)
②企圖：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾經學習過這個諺語。(他曾努力學習過它) ③未得結果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我們一直致力於敵人所說的。(但是我們沒有理解) ④最近情況：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一場架。(最近)
⑤反復動作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直問我相同的問題。(屢次)
⑥情緒：What had he been doing?他做了什麼?(不耐煩)
二、 將來完成進行時
1.概念：表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間。是否繼續下去，要視上下文而定。
2.基本結構：shall/will have been doing
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我將在這個工廠工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們如不快一點兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關了。
英語重要語法知識
介 詞
一、介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立使用。介詞之後一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)..或相當於名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個以上的詞構成的短語介詞,
如：out of(從…中出來)because of(因為)away from(距離…),
on top of(在…頂上)ever since(自從…)next to(在…隔壁),
according to(根據…) in front of(在…前方)等。
二、介詞短語的句法作用：
介詞短語相當於一個形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。
如：The man came .(狀)(那個人走下樓來)
The woman is from the countryside.
(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉下)
The teacher is now with the pupils.
(表)(老師現在和學生在一起)
三、介詞短語在句子中的位置：
介詞短語做狀語時,如果表示時間/地點,可以放在句首或句尾,
如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾;
介詞短語作表語時放在連系動詞之後;
介詞短語作定語時,只能放在被修飾的名詞之後。
如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.
(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作) They searched the roomfor the thief.(他們在房間里搜索小偷)
The letters are for you.(表語)(信是給你的)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?
(定語)(你看見一隻黑頭白腿的貓了嗎?)
英語語法知識要點
一、主語
1、名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是「誰」發出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。)
They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。)
To see is to believe.(耳聽為虛眼見為實).
Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
2、動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey.
(在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)
3、口語中常見主語或「主--系」省略： (It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。) (It) doesn』t matter. ((那)沒有關系。) (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
4、反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：
The man looks worried,doesn』the? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎?)
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren』t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎?)
5、祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。
Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
6、主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾;倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。
如：Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。)
Where are they? (他們在哪兒?)
Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎?)
7、主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。
Neither Jim nor Rosehas passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。)
The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brave people.
(中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
8、主語可以由從句充當,詳見「主語從句」。
拓展： 初高中基礎英語語法知識
一、詞 法
1、名詞
(1)名詞的可數與不可數
可數名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數來計量，它有單數與復數兩種形式。不可數名詞指所表示的事物不能用數來計量。物質名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數目來統計，都稱為不可數名詞。
不可數名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數量，沒有復數形式。要表示「一個……」這一概念，就須加a piece of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數名詞，在英語里卻不可數。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。
(2)名詞復數的規則變化
A.一般情況下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結尾的加-es。
C.以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i再加-es。
D.以f，fe結尾的.，去掉f或fe，變成v再加-es。
(3)名詞的所有格
A. 單數名詞詞尾加』s，復數名詞詞尾若沒有s，也要加』s。
如：the worker』 s bike，the Children』 s ball
B. 表示幾個人共有一樣東西，只需在最後一個人的名字後加』 s若表示各自所有，則需在各個名字後加』 s。
如： This is Lucy and Lily』 s room.
These are Kate』 s and jack』 s rooms.
C. 如果是通過在詞尾加-s構成的復數形式的名詞，只加』。
如：the students』 books，the girls』 blouses
(另外：如果名詞是有生命的，我們就用』s結構來表示所有關系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的，我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結構來表示所有關系。)
2、代詞
人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞
(1)人稱代詞
第一人稱單數
I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱
單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱
單數 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
復數 they them their theirs themselves
(2)物主代詞
物主代詞的用法：形容詞性物主代詞後面一定要跟一個名詞;
名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。
(3)反身代詞
反身代詞的構成分兩種：第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞性物主代詞後加上self或selves，第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞後加上self或selves.
反身代詞的用法：一種是作賓語，由主語發出的動作又回到動作者本身。如：I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語;用來加強語氣。如：I can do it myself.
(4)指示代詞
指示代詞的特殊用法：
(1)為了避免重復，可用that，those代替前面提到過的名詞，但是this，these不可以。
(2)this，that有時可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
(5)不定代詞
one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等。
3、冠詞
(1)不定冠詞an用在母音讀音開頭(不是指母音字母)的詞前，其餘用不定冠詞a。
(2)定冠詞的基本用法
A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。
C. 用在單數可數名詞前面，表示某一類人或事物。
(3)定冠詞的特殊用法
A. 用在世界上獨一無二的事物或方位名詞前。
B. 用在序數詞、形容詞的最高級及only所修飾的名詞前。
C. 用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。
D. 用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構成的專有名詞前面。
E. 用在姓氏的復數形式前面，表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。
F. 用在樂器名稱前。
G. 和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人或事物。
(4)名詞前不用冠詞的情況
A. 在專有名詞 (包括人名、地名、節日、月份、季節) 、物質名詞和抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。但在以festival組成的民間節日前要加the。
B. 表示一類人或事物的復數名詞前。
C. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時，不用冠詞。
D. 三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。在有些片語中，有無冠詞含義不同。
(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌邊
go to school去上學;go to the school去那所學校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那個醫院里
4、數詞
(1)數字的表示
三位數數詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and。
1，000以上的數字，從後向前第三位數加一個「，」，第一個「，」前為thousand，第二個「，」前為million，第三個「，」前為billion。
(2)序數詞除了first，second，third外，其餘都在基數詞尾加-th構成。
(3)分數分子在前，分母在後，分子用基數詞，分母用序數詞，當分子大於1時，分母序數詞要變成復數。
(4)hundreds(thousands，millions)of…
5、形容詞、副詞
(1)形容詞的位置
A. 形容詞作定語一般要放在名詞前面，但當形容詞修飾不定代詞something，nothing，anything時要放在所修飾的不定代詞之後。如：something important，nothing serious。
B. 當形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或片語作定語或表語時，定語或表語要後置。如：
We have g a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
(2)形容詞的比較等級
單音節詞和少數雙音節詞，在詞尾加-(e)r，-(e)st來構成比較級和最高級。其他雙音節詞和多音節詞，在前面加more，most來構成比較級和最高級。如：
popular—more popular—most popular
important—more important—most important
(3)副詞的比較等級
單音節副詞和個別雙音節副詞通過加-er，-est來構成比較級和最高級。絕大多數副詞藉助more，most來構成比較級和最高級。
(4)少數形容詞和副詞比較級/最高級的不規則變化：
原級 比較級 最高級
well —— better —— best
badly —— worse —— worst
much —— more —— most
little —— less —— least
far —— farther —— farthest
farthest furthest
late —— later —— latest
(5)副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞the。
6、介詞
(1)表示時間的介詞及介詞短語
in, at, on, before，after，till，since，for, from…to, until， by，in the middle of，at the beginning of， at the end of，at half past five，at night，in a week，in the morning，in class，at sunrise， in spring / summer / autumn /winter，on Sunday，on Saturday afternoon，on a winter evening，for a long time，for two months，after school，since liberation，before lunch，at the time of，at the age of
(2)表示地點的介詞及介詞短語
in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above,under, outside,inside,up,from,far,near,across,off， down， among， past，between，out of，around，in the front of， in the middle of， at the back of，at the foot of，at home，at the gate，at the table，in the sky， on the ground，in a tree， in the south，in the sun，in the bed，on one』s way home，by the side of
二、八種基本時態
1、一般現在時
概念: 表示經常發生的動作或經常存在的狀態。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表時間的狀語連用。如：
1) I go to school every day. 我每天都去學校。(表經常)
2) He is always like that. 他總是那樣。 (表狀態)
構成：
1) 主語 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主語 + 實義動詞/三單動詞 + …
2、一般過去時
概念:
1) 表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態 , 常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一場電影。
2) 也可表示過去經常或反復發生的動作。
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
構成:
1) 主語 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主語 + 實義動詞過去式 +……
3、現在進行時
概念: 表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作。如:
He is singing.
They are watching TV now.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞be(am/are/is) + 動詞-ing形式構成。
4、過去進行時
概念: 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間除了有上下文暗示外,一般用時間狀語來表示。
如:
1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞be(was/were) + 動詞-ing形式構成。
5、一般將來時
概念: 表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。如:
He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
構成:
1) 主語 + 助動詞will + 動原 +……
2) 主語 + be going to + 動原 + ……
6、過去將來時
概念: 表示在過去將來的某一時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。
構成:
1) 主語(第一人稱) + 助動詞should + 動原 +……
2) 主語 + would + 動原 + ……
3) 主語 + was/ were going to +動原……
用法: 過去將來時除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在間接引語中,主句謂語動詞為過去時態。如:
1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Nanjing.
7、現在完成時
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 ( have / has ) + 動詞過去分詞 +……
用法例句表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。
---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (現在我不餓了)
8、過去完成時
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 had + 動詞過去分詞 +……
例句表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。它表示的動作發生的時間是」過去的過去」.表示過去某一時間可用by,before 等構成的短語,也可用when, before, 等引導的從句或者通過上下文表示。
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三、三種基本從句
從句的共同特點：
從句是指在一個句子中充當一個成分的句子，充當什麼成分就叫什麼從句，如：充當賓語就叫賓語從句，充當定語成分就叫定語從句。
從以上定義中我們可以得出關於從句的一個最大特點：從句是句子。
從句的共同特點：
1.從句都有自己的連接詞
2.從句都是陳述語序(陳述語序就是主語在前，謂語在後，如：He is a teacher主語 He 在謂語is之前，因此是陳述語序，而Is he a teacher? 主語 He 在謂語is之後，因此不是陳述語序。)
1、賓語從句
賓語從句是指在一個句子中充當賓語的句子，如：
He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
賓語從句的特點：
①賓語從句有自己的連接詞
②賓語從句用陳述語序
③賓語從句的時態
(1)賓語從句的連接詞：
賓語從句的連接詞包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑問詞。
(2)賓語從句的語序：
A. 賓語從句的連接詞後加陳述語序(主語在前，謂語在後),如：
I want to know if he can come tomorrow.
B. 當連接詞本身又是賓語從句的主語時，後面直接加謂語動詞，如：She asked me who had helped him.
(3)賓語從句的時態，只要記住以下口訣就可以了「主現則從任，主過則從過，客觀真理一般現」
A. 主現則從任：主句如果是一般現在時，則從句根據時間狀語需要從八種時態中任選一種，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much.(一般現在時)。
B. 主過則從過：主句如果是一般過去時，則從句根據時間狀語需要從四種帶「過」字的時態中任選一種，帶「過」字的時態分別是：一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時。
如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般過去時)
C. 客觀真理一般現:客觀真理永遠用一般現在時。
如：He says the moon goes around the earth.
2、狀語從句
(1)時間狀語從句：在一個句子中作時間狀語的句子。
時間狀語的連接詞：when(當…時候) while(當…時候) as(當…時候) after(在…以後) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自從…到現在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…為止)依舊是連接詞後加陳述語序。
舉例：when當…的時候(一般情況下主句是將來時的時候，從句要用一般現在時。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(2)原因狀語從句：在一個句子中作原因狀語的句子。
連接詞：由連詞because, since, as引導, 也可由for, now that 等詞引導。
舉例：I didn』t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
(3)條件狀語從句：在一個句子中作條件狀語的句子。
連接詞：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非(讓步)
舉例：If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
(4)目的、結果狀語從句
目的狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當目的狀語的句子。
結果狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當結果狀語的句子
目的狀語從句連接詞so that, so…that , in order that 引導。
結果狀語從句連接詞 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導。
舉例：so…that 如此…以至於
The scientist』s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
(5)讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語的句子
連接詞： though, although.，whether…or not
舉例：Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
3.no matter從句
結構："no matter +特殊疑問詞+陳述語序" 或"特殊疑問詞+後綴ever+陳述語序"
如：No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
3、定語從句
定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分。
如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flowers.(beautiful是定語)
定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞後。如：
I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定語從句的連接詞：
連接代詞：who，which，whom，whose，that
連接副詞：when，where，why
9. 英語簡單語法知識點總結
英語對於現在的中國學生來說已經成為了一種重要的語言。英語作為一種語言,本身就是一個系統,需要靠英語語法來規范,接下來我為你整理了英語簡單語法知識點，一起來看看吧。
英語簡單語法知識點：特殊句型
there be 句型，be going to 結構
1. Be going to 結構，表示打算，准備，計劃做某事
結構：主語+be動詞+going to +動詞原型
I am going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Are you going to make a bookcase?
Are they going to paint it?
Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?
變否定句在be動詞後面加not
I am not going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Yes, they are. No, they are not.
Yes, he is. No, he is not.
特殊疑問句
What are you going to do?
What are they going to do?
What is the father going to do?
2. There be 句型：表示哪裡有什麼東西(某處有某物)
There is+單數名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞片語)
There is a book in this room.
There is a pen on the table
There are+復數名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞片語)
There are two pens on the table.
There are three schools there.
變疑問句將be動詞移到句首
Is there a book in this room?
Are there two pens on the table?
變否定句在動詞後面加not
There is not a book in this room.
There are not two pens on the table.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, there is. No, there is not.
Yes, there are. No, there are not.
英語簡單語法知識點：選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句：是指提出兩個或兩個以上可能的答案供對方選擇的句式
一種是以一般疑問句的結構形式為基礎，只是在語調上有所區別。
例如：Would you like coffee or tea?
這一類選擇疑問句通常都是在前一個供選擇的答案用低升調，後一個用降調;如果有兩個以上供選擇的答案，則在最後一個用降調，其餘都用低升調。
例如：
Would you like a gin，or a whisky，or a `beer?
你是要喝杜松子酒，還是威士忌酒，還是啤酒?
這種語調上的特徵往往是區別選擇疑問句和一般疑問句的重要標志。試比較：
Shall we leave at six or `seven?
我們是 6 點動身還是 7點動身?
Shall we leave at six or seven?
我們在6，7點鍾動身好嗎?
上述第一例是選擇疑問句，其答案只能是兩者之一。
We shall leave at six/seven.我們將在6點/7點動身。
上述第二例是一般疑問句，它的答案只是 yes/no，而且並不肯定是6點或7點，甚至可能既不是6點，也不是7點：
Yes，we shall leave at six or seven.是的，我們將在 6， 7點鍾動身。
No.We must leave earlier.不。我們必須早點動身。
另一種選擇疑問句是以特殊疑問句的結構形式為基礎的，也是在語調上有所區別。
例如：Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ? The tall one.
在選擇疑問句中的冠詞用法。
Is she a housewife or a nurse?(她是一個家庭主婦還是護士?)
其中，or後的不定冠詞a/an 不能省略。
英語簡單語法知識點：特殊疑問句
特殊疑問句：以特殊疑問詞開頭，對句中某一成分提問的句子。
常用的疑問詞有：what who whose which when where how why等。
可先分為3種:
疑問代詞：what，who，which，whose，whom
疑問副詞：when，where，why，how
疑問形容詞：what(which，whose)+名詞
特殊疑問句有兩種語序
1.如疑問詞作主語或主語的定語，即對主語或主語的定語提問，其語序是陳述句的語序：
疑問詞(+主語)+謂語動詞+其他成分。
如:Who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖
2.如疑問詞作其他成分，即對其他成分提問，其語序是：疑問詞+一般疑問句語序?如:What class are you in﹖
What does she look like﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖
How do you know﹖
注意：
1.回答特殊疑問句時，不能用yes / no，即問什麼答什麼，尤其是簡略回答。如：
Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is).
Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station.
Why do you like koalas﹖ Because they are cute.
2.特殊疑問句一般讀降調(↓)。
特殊疑問詞
Who誰——Whose誰的(加se)
Why為什麼
When什麼時候
Where在哪裡
Which哪一個
What什麼 ( What time什麼時間 What colour什麼顏色)
How怎麼樣
How many多少{數量}
How much多少錢{價格}，
多少(對不可數名詞進行提問)
How long多長
How often多少次
How big多大
How heavy多重{重量}