1. 初二下冊英語語法知識點歸納
英語一直是我們學習的難題，主要是英語語法沒有學好，那麼應該怎麼學好英語語法呢?下面是我分享給大家的初二下冊英語語法知識點，希望大家喜歡!
初二下冊第一單元英語語法知識點
語法：1.復習一般過去時;2.學習不定代詞和不定副詞的用法。
2.不定代詞和不定副詞的用法：
(1)左邊的some、any、every、no與右邊的body、one、thing構成不定代詞，some、any、every、no與右邊的疑問副詞where構成不定副詞;
(2)一般情況下以some開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用於肯定句，以any開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞用於否定句、疑問句;以no開頭的不定代詞和不定副詞表示否定含義(no one為兩個單詞);
(3)不定代詞或不定副詞和形容詞連用時，形容詞放在後面。
He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something，形容詞important放後)
Did you buy anything special? (一般疑問句用anything，形容詞special放後)
Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上個月你去令人感興趣的地方了嗎?
(一般疑問句用不定副詞anywhere，形容詞interesting放後)
(4)不定代詞和不定副詞做主語時，後面的動詞用單數形式。Everone is here today.今天每個人都在這里。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1. go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/進山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 3. study for tests為考試而學習\備考 go out出去
4. quite a few相當多,不少(後跟可數名詞復數)take photos照相 most of the time大部分時間 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth為某人買某物 6. taste good. 嘗起來很好
taste(嘗起來)、look(看起來)、sound(聽起來)為感官動詞，後跟形容詞
7.have a good\great\fun time過得高興，玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping去購物 9. nothing…but+動詞原形：除了……之外什麼都沒有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了讀書無事可做。
10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像認識他。
seem+(to be)+形容詞：看起來…The work seems(to be)easy.這工作看起來很容易。
11.keep a diary記日記
12. in+大地方：達到某地 (get to +地方：達到某地)
arrive at+小地方：達到某地 (get的過去式為got)
若是arrive和get後跟home、there、here三個地點副詞，後面的介詞in\at\to必須去掉。
Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚湯姆到家。
13.decide to do sth:決定做某事 14. try doing sth.嘗試做某事try to do sth.盡力去做某事
15. feel like給…的感覺;感受到 16. in the past 在過去 walk around四處走走
enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事 difference(名詞，差異，差別)---- different(形容詞，不同的)
18.start doing sth：開始做某事 (= start to do sth)
19.19.over an hour一個多小時 (over超過，多餘 = more than)
20. too many 太多，後接可數名詞復數。 too much 太多，後跟不可數名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。
much too 太，後跟形容詞或副詞 ， 分辨三者的口訣： too much much too, 用法區別看後頭:much 後接不可數,too 後修飾形或副。too many 要記住，後面名詞必復數。
21. because of 因為,後接名詞、代詞或動名詞(即動詞+ing)，不能接句子。
because因為，後跟句子。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因為起晚而上學遲到。(get為動詞)
= He was late for school because he got up late.
22. enough(足夠的)與名詞連用，一般放在名詞前He has enough money .
23. enough(足夠的)與形容詞或副詞連用，enough放在後面。He is old enough to go to school.
24. doing sth.忘記已經做過某事(已經做完)
Forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還未做)(forget的過去式為forgot)
25. so+形容詞+that+句子：如此…以至於…
too+形容詞+to do sth：太…以至於不能…
形容詞+enough to do sth：足夠…能夠做某事(注意三個句型有時可以互換)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
初二下冊第二單元英語語法知識點
語法：1.復習一般現在時;2.學習表示頻率副詞的用法。
主要頻率副詞的等級排序：always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經常) > sometimes(有時) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)
這些副詞在句子中的位置，一般放在助動詞、be動詞或情態動詞之後，行為動詞之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”後。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上學總是遲到。
I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作業。
提問 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞，用 How often
I watch TV every day.我每天都看電視→How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?)
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看電影 help with housework幫助做家務 how often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周兩次 every day每天 use the Internet用互聯網
be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空嗎?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早點睡覺play sports進行體育活動
5.after school 放學後 6.want sth：需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新鋼筆。
want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放學後他想去看電視。
want sb to do sth:讓某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.媽媽讓我早起。
7.be good for對……有好處 be bad for 對……有害處
8. play computer games打電子游戲 go camping去野營 9.ask sb about sth：問某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母經常問我的學習情況。
10. in one’s spare time在某人業余時間He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13，2b)”數字+percent of+名詞”做主語時，後面的單詞取決於名詞的情況。若名詞為復數，後面的動詞用復數形式;若名詞為單數或不可數名詞，後面的動詞用單數形式。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.
12.not…at all:一點兒也不 (not構成否定句)I don’t like the movie at all.
13.go online上網=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名詞：…的答案
16.the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.學習英語的最好方法是說英語.
17.such as比如 (後跟名詞或名詞短語)for example 例如(後跟句子)
He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜歡水果，例如蘋果、香蕉等。
He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.
19.more than (=over)超過，多餘 go to the dentist去看牙醫
初二下冊第三單元英語語法知識點
語法：學習形容詞比較級。
本單元的短語和知識點：
1.play+the +樂器 play the drums打鼓 比較play +球類 play basketball打籃球
both…and…兩者都(後面的動詞用復數形式) Both Tom and Jim are students.
3.be good at+名詞\代詞\V ing:擅長，在某方面做得好
7.be like:像… The books are like friends.書像朋友。
8.make friends (with sb)：(和某人)交朋友 enjoy doing sth:喜歡做某事
9.be different from與…不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟與我不一樣。
10.help sb to (do) sth:幫助某人做某事
常與help sb with sth(在某方面幫助某人)互換 He often helps me (to) learn English.他經常幫助我學習英語。= He often helps me with my English.他經常在英語方面幫助我。
help (to) do sth:幫助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他經常在家幫助做飯。
13.be good with sb:與某人相處很好 14.information (n.消息，信息)不可數名詞
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至於什麼消費都想到可以買幾本書，看起來很愛知識，卻是一個非常壞的思維，被它麻醉的人，結局就是很惡俗地以為自己很脫俗。下面我給大家分享一些初二下冊英語知識點，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
初二下冊英語知識點1
【重點單詞】
yard [jɑ:d] n. 院子
yard sale 庭院拍賣會
sweet [swi:t] adj. & n. 甜的，糖果
memory [?mem?r?] n. 記憶， 記憶力 ，回憶
cent [sent] n. 分，分幣
toy [t?i] n. 玩具
bear [b??] n. 熊
maker [?me?k?(r)] n. 生產者，製造者
bread maker 麵包機
scarf [skɑ:f] n. 圍巾，披巾，頭巾
soft [s?ft] adj. 柔軟的
soft toy 軟體玩具，布絨玩具
check [t?ek] n. & v. 餐館賬單;檢查
check out 察看，觀察
board [b?:d] n. 板子，甲板
board game 棋類游戲
junior [?d?u:n??(r)] adj. 地位低下的
junior high school 初中
clear [kl??] adj. 清晰的，清澈的
clear out 清理，清除掉
bedroom [?bedru:m] n. 卧室
no longer 不再，不復
own [?un] adj. 屬於自己的
railway [?re?lwe?] n. 鐵路，鐵道
part [pɑ:t] n. 部分，零部件
part with 放棄，交出
certain [?s?:tn] adj. 某一，確定的，無疑的
as for 至於，關於
honest [??n?st] adj. 誠實的，正直的
to be honest 說實在的
while [wail] conj. & n. 當...時候，一段時間，一會兒
truthful [?tru:θfl] adj. 誠實的，真實的
hometown [?h??mta?n] n. 家鄉，故鄉
nowadays [?na??de?z] adv. 現今，現在，目前
search [s?:t?] v. 搜索，搜查
among [??m??] prep. 在…中間;在…之中
crayon ['kre??n] n. 彩色鉛筆
shame [?e?m] n. 羞恥
regard [r?'ɡɑ:d] n. & v. 致敬，問候;將…視為
count [kaunt] n. & v. 計算，計數;有價值
century ['sent??r?] n. 世紀，百年
according [?'k?:d??] adv. 依照，按照
opposite [??p?zit] prep. & adj. 在…對面，與…相對;對面的
especially [??spe??li] adv. 特別，尤其
childhood [?t?a?ldh?d] n. 孩童時期
consider [k?n?sid?] v. 仔細考慮，思考，注視，
close to 幾乎，接近
hold [h?uld] v. 擁有，抓住
【重點 短語 】
1. these days 目前，現在
2.regard with great interest 以極大的興趣關注著
3. in order to 為了
4.so far 迄今，到目前為止
5. in need 需要
6. not...any more 不再.....
7. welcome to sp 歡迎來到.....
8.check out 察看，觀察
9. board games 棋類游戲
10. one last thing 最後一樣東西
11. junior high school 初級中學
12.clear out 清理
13. no longer 不再
14.toy monkey 玩具猴
15. part with 與.....分開
16. to be honest 說實在的
17. ride a bike 騎自行車
18. have a yard sale 進行庭院拍賣會
19. one』s old things 某人的舊東西
20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回憶
21. give away 捐贈
22. play for a while 玩一會
23. do with 處理，處置
24. search for work 找工作
25.for the last 13 years 在過去的13年裡
26. the mid-20th century 20世紀中期
27. stay the same 保持原狀
28. according to 依照，按照
29. in one』s opinion 依......看
30. in my time 在我那個年代
【重點句型】
1. Have long have you had that bike over there? 那邊的那輛自行車你買了多久了?
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years . 艾米擁有她最喜歡的書3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四歲生日起，他擁有這個東西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. 有些人依然住在家鄉，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉一兩次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 至於我，我不想放棄我的 足球 衣，但是，說實在的，我現在已經有一段時間沒有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾經想過要舉辦一個庭院拍賣會來出售東西?
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你會怎樣處理你所籌集到得錢?
初二下冊英語知識點2
【重點單詞】
shoot [?u:t] v. 投籃， 射擊 ，發射
stone [?st??n] n. 石頭
weak [wi:k] adj. 虛弱的，柔弱的
god [ɡ?d] n. 上帝，神
remind [r??ma?nd] v. 提醒，使想起
bit [b?t] n. 一點，小塊
a little bit 有點兒，稍微
silly [?s?l?] adj. & n. 愚昧的;傻子，蠢貨
instead of 代替，反而
turn into 變成
object [??bd??kt] n. 物體，目標，物品
hide [ha?d] v. 躲藏，隱藏
tail [teil] n. 尾巴
magic [?m?d??k] n. 魔法，巫術
stick [st?k] n. & v. 棍，棒;刺，戳，插
excite [?k'sa?t] v. 使激動，使興奮
western ['west?n] adj. 西方的，歐美的
once upon 從前
stepsister [?steps?st?(r)] n. 繼姐(妹)
prince [pr?ns] n. 王子
fall in love 愛上，喜歡上
fit [f?t] v. 適合，合身
couple ['k?pl] n. (尤指)夫妻，兩人
smile [sma?l] n.& v. 微笑
marry [?m?ri] v. 與某人結婚
get married 結婚
gold [ɡ??ld] n. 黃金，金幣
emperor [?emp?r?] n. 皇帝
silk [s?lk] n. 絲綢
underwear [??nd?w??] n. 內衣
nobody [?n??b?di] pron. 無人,沒有任何人,誰也不
stupid ['stju:p?d] adj. & n. 愚蠢的,傻的;傻子
cheat [t?i:t] v. 欺騙，愚弄
stepmother [?stepm???(r)] n. 繼母
wife [wa?f] n. 妻子
husband [?h?zb?nd] n. 丈夫
whole [h?ul] adj. 全部的，整體的
scene [si:n] n. 舞台，(戲劇)場景
moonlight ['mu:nla?t] n. 月光
shine [?a?n] v. 照耀，發光
bright [bra?t] adj. & adv. 明亮的,發亮的;明亮地
ground [gra?nd] n. 地面
lead [li:d] n. & v. 領導，主角;帶路
voice [v?is] n. 嗓音
brave [breiv] adj. 勇敢的
【重點短語】
1. work on doing sth. 致力於做某事
2. as soon as ... 一……就…....
3. once upon a time 從前
4. continue to do sth. 繼續做某事
5. make sth. happen 使某事發生
6.try to do sth. 努力做某事
7. the journey to sp. ......之旅
8. tell the/a story 講 故事
9. put on 穿
10. a little bit 有點兒
11. keep doing sth. 堅持做某事
12. give up 放棄
13. instead of 代替;反而
14. turn...into... 使......變成......
15. get married 結婚
16. the main character 主要人物;主人公
17. at other times 在另外一些時候
18. be able to 能;會
19. come out (書、電影等)出版
20. become interested in... 對……感興趣
21. walk to the other side 走到另一邊去
22. a fairy tale 一個 神話故事
23. the rest of the story 故事的其餘部分
24. leave sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事
25. make a plan to do sth. 籌劃/計劃做某事
26. go to sleep 去睡覺
27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人領到某地
28. get lost 迷路
29. change one』s plan 改變計劃
30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
31. in the moonlight 在月光下
32. find one』 s way home 找到某人回家的路
33. the next day 第二天
34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
35. so...that... 如此.......以致於.......
【重點句型】
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你覺得愚公的故事怎麼樣?
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山給移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 這是因為他會根據他的形狀和大小，做出72種變化，可以將自己變成不同的動物或東西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有時候，他能夠讓他的金箍棒變得很小，以至於可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 這些(山)太高了，他們要花好長時間才能翻越過去。
6.Don't eat it until you get to the forest. 你們到達森林之後才能吃。
初二下冊英語知識點3
【重點單詞】
amusement [???mju:zm?nt] n. 娛樂，消遣，游戲
amusement park 游樂場
somewhere [?s?mwe?] adv. 某處，在某處
camera [?k?m?r?] n. 照相機
invention [?n?ven?n] n. 發明，創造
invent [in?vent] v. 發明，創造
unbelievable [??nb??li:v?bl] adj. 難以置信的,不真實的
progress [?pr??ɡres] n. 進步，進展
rapid [?r?p?d] adj. 迅速的，快速的
unusual [??n?ju:?u?l] adj. 特別的，不尋常的
toilet [?t??l?t] n. 坐便器，廁所
encourage [in?k?rid?] v. 鼓勵，激勵
social [?s?u??l] adj. 社會的
peaceful [?pi:sful] adj. 和平的，平靜的
tea art 茶藝
performance [p??f?:m?ns] n. 表演，演出
perfect [?p?:f?kt] adj. 完美的，理想的，完全的
tea set 茶具
itself [it?self] pron. 它自己，它本身
collect [k??lekt] v. 收集
a couple of 一對，兩個，幾個
German [?d??:m?n] n. & adj. 德語，德國人(的)
theme [θi:m] n. 題目，主題， 作文
ride [ra?d] n. & v. 騎，乘;(短途)旅程
province ['pr?v?ns] n. 省，省份
thousand [?θa?znd] num. 一千
thousands of 數以千計的，許許多多的
safe [seif] adj. 安全的， 保險 的
simply [?simpli] adv. 僅僅，只，不過
fear [fi?] n. & v. 恐懼，害怕
whether [?we??(r)] conj.不管…還是,或者…或者，是否
Indian [??ndj?n] adj. 印度的，印度人的
Japanese [?d??p??ni:z] n. & adj. 日本人,日語;日本的
fox [f?ks] n. 狐狸
all year around 全年
equator [i?kweit?] n. 赤道
whenever [wen?ev?] conj. 無論何時
spring [spri?] n. 春天
mostly [?m?ustli] adv. 大多數地，主要地，通常
location [l???ke??n] n. 地點，位置
【重點短語】
1. at night 在晚上
2.in a more natural environment 在一個更加自然的環境中
3. all year round 一年到頭，終年
4.be far from 離......遠
5.in the dark 在黑暗中
6. in the past 在過去
7.have been to sp 去過某地
8.science museum科學博物館
9.history museum 歷史博物館
10.amusement park 游樂園
11.go somewhere different 去不同的地方
12.go skating 去滑冰
13.take the subway 坐地鐵
14.a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon 一個過周六下午的好辦法
15.all the old movie camera 所有的古老的電影攝影機
16. learn about sth 了解有關.....的情況
17. on the weekend 在周末
18.camp in the mountains 在大山裡露營
19.put up a tent 搭帳篷
20.in such a rapid way 以如此速猛的方式
21.different kinas of 各種各樣的
22.development of toilets 廁所的發展
23.social groups 社會團體
24.the tea art performances 茶藝表演
25. make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶
26. a nice place to enjoy tea 一個品茶的好地方
27.Thousands of 數以千計的
28.international Museum of Toilets 國際廁所博物館
29.the Terracotta Army 兵馬俑
30.southeast Asia 東南亞
31.night Safari 夜間動物園
32.three quarters 四分之三
33. an English-speaking country 一個講英語的國家
34.have a problem doing sth 做某事很困難
35.ring the daytime 在白天
36. a couple of times 好幾次
37.right now 現在，目前
38. an amusement park with a special theme 一個有特別的主題的游樂園
39. Walk around the park 在公園里到處走
40. hear of 聽說
41. take a ride 兜風
42. another province 另一個省
43. the Bird』s Nest 鳥巢
44. encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事
45. on the one hand....on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
【重點句型】
1. Have you ever been to a science museum? 你曾經去過科學博物館嗎?
2.Let's go somewhere different today. 讓我們今天去不同的地方吧。
3. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way. 科技以如此速猛的方式發展真是令人難以置信啊!
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore! 不管你喜歡印度食品，西方食品還是日本食品，在新加坡你都能找到!
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round. 新加坡一個很大的特徵是它的氣溫幾乎一年到頭都是一樣的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore. 最好游覽新加坡。
初二下冊英語知識點4
【重點單詞】
treasure [?tre??] n. 財寶，財富
island [?a?l?nd] n. 島嶼
full of 滿是…的，(有)豐富的
classic [?kl?s?k] n. 經典著作，名著
page [pe?d?] n. (書或紙張的)頁，面，張
hurry ['h?r?] v. 匆忙，趕快
hurry up 趕快，急忙(做某事)
e [dju:] adj. 預期的，到期的
ship [??p] n. 船
tool [tu:l] n. 工具
gun [ɡ?n] n. 炮，槍
mark [mɑ:k] n. & v. 分數，記號;作標記
sand [s?nd] n. 沙灘，沙
cannibal [?k?n?bl] n.& adj. 食人肉者;同類相殘的，兇殘的
towards [t??w?:dz] prep. 向著，朝著，對於,關於
land [l?nd] n. & v. 陸地，大地，國土;著陸
fiction [?f?k?n] n. 小說，虛構，編造
science fiction 科幻小說
technology [tek?n?l?d??] n. 科技，工藝
French [frent?] n.& adj. 法語，法國人(的)
pop [p?p] n. 流行音樂
rock [rɑk] n. 岩石，搖滾樂
band [b?nd] n. 樂隊
country music 鄉村音樂
forever [f?r?ev?(r)] adv. 永遠
abroad [??br?:d] adv. 在國外，到國外
actually [??kt???li] adv. 真實地,實際上,說實在的
ever since 自從
fan [f?n] n. 樂趣
southern [?s???n] adj. 南方的
modern [?m?d?n] adj. 現代的，現代化的
success [s?k'ses] n. 成功
belong [bi?l??] v. 屬於
one another 互相
laughter [?lɑ:ft?(r)] n. 笑，笑聲
beauty [?bju:ti] n. 美麗，美好的事物
million [?milj?n] num. 百萬
record ['rek?:d] n. & v. 記錄，唱片;錄制，錄音
introce [??ntr??dju:s] v. 介紹，傳入，引進
line [lain] n. 排，隊，列
【重點短語】
1.on page 25 在第25頁
2. the back of the book 書的背面
3. hurry up 趕快;匆忙
. in two weeks 在兩周之內
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island full of treasures 一個滿是寶藏的島嶼
7. w rite about 寫作關於……的內容
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到來
10. learn to do sth. 學會做某事
11. grow fruits and vegetables 種水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 幾個星期前
13. the marks of another man』 s feet 另一個人的腳印
14. not long after that 不久之後
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use...to do sth. 用……來做某事
17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的標記
18. read the newspaper 看報
19. science fiction 科幻小說
20. can』 t w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒來的一個好辦法
22. number of people 人數
23. used to do sth. (過去)常常做某事
24. study abroad 在國外學習
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
26. come to realize 開始意識到
27. ever since then 自從那時起
28. the southern states of America 美國的南部地區
29. belong to 屬於
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
33. have been to sp. 去過某地
34. do some research on sth. 對……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受……的成功
39. at the end of the day傍晚的時候
【重點句型】
1.— Have you read little Women yet? 你讀過《小婦人》嗎?
— Yes,I have. /No,I haven't. 是的，我讀過。/ 不，我沒有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜讀過《金銀島》這本書嗎?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic. 是的，她讀過。她覺得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink? 你要來點喝的嗎?
4. I heard you lost your key. 我聽說你丟鑰匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她開始意識到，事實上她是多麼想念他們所有的人。
初二下冊英語知識點5
【重點單詞】
square [skwe?(r)] n. 平方，正方形，廣場
meter [?mi:t?] n. 米
deep [di:p] adj. 深的
desert [?dez?t] n. 沙漠
population [?p?pju?lei??n] n. 人口(數量),全體居民
Asia [?e???] n. 亞洲
feel free (可以)隨便(做某事)
tour [tu?] n. 旅行，觀光
wall [w?:l] n. 牆
amazing [??me?z??] adj. 令人驚異的
ancient [?e?n??nt] adj. 古代的，古老的
protect [pr??tekt] v. 保護
wide [wa?d] adj. 寬的，廣闊的
as far as I know 就我所知
achieve [??t?i:v] v. 完成，實現
achievement [??t?i:vm?nt] n. 成就，成績
southwestern [sa?θ'west?n] adj. 西南的,西南方向的
thick [θ?k] adj. 厚的，濃的
include [?n?klu:d] v. 包括，包含
freezing [?fri:z??] adj. 極冷的，冷凍的
condition [k?n?d??n] n. 條件，狀況
take in 吸入，吞入
succeed [s?k?si:d] v. 成功，實現目標，完成
challenge [?t??l?nd???] n. & v. 挑戰，考驗
in the face of 面對(問題，困難)
force [f?:s] n. 力，力量
nature ['ne?t??(r)] n. 自然界，大自然
even though(=even if) 即使，雖然
ocean ['???n] n. 海洋
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
cm(centimeter) [?sent??mi:t?] n. 厘米
weigh [wei] v. 稱…重量
birth [b?:θ] n. 出生，誕生
at birth 出生時
up to 到達(某數量，程度)，不多於
alt [ ??d?lt] n. 成年人
bamboo [b?m?bu:] n. 竹子
endangered [?n?de?nd??d] adj. 有危險的，瀕臨滅絕的，瀕危的
research [r??s?:t?] n. & v. 研究，調查
keeper [?ki:p?(r)] n. 飼養 員，保管人
awake [??we?k] adj. 醒著
excitement [?k?sa?tm?nt] n. 激動，興奮
walk into 走路時撞到
fall over 絆倒
illness [??ln?s] n. 疾病，生病
remaining [r??me?n??] adj. 遺留的，剩餘的
or so 大約
artwork [?ɑ:tw?:k] n. 藝術品，插圖，圖片
wild [wa?ld] adj. 野性的，野生的
government [?g?v?nm?nt] n. 政府
whale [we?l] n. 鯨
protection [pr??tek?n] n. 保護，保衛
huge [hju:d?] adj. 巨大的，極多的
dynasty [?d?n?st?] n. 朝代，王朝
base [be?s] n. 基礎，基地
【重點短語】
1. as big as 與……一樣大
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的國家之一
3. feel free to do sth. 隨意地做某事
4. as far as I know 據我所知
5. man-made objects 人造物體
6. part of... ...... 的組成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脈
8. in the world 在世界上
9. any other mountain 其它 任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的鹹水湖中
11. run along 跨越……
12. freezing weather 冰凍的天氣
13. take in air 呼吸空氣
14. the first people to do sth. 第一個做某事的人
15. in the face of difficulties 面臨危險
16. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事
17. achieve one』 s dream 實現某人的夢想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the top 到達頂峰
20. even though 雖然;盡管
21. at birth 在出生的時候
22. be awake 醒著
23. run over with excitement 興奮地跑過去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人
25. fall over 摔倒
26. take care of 照顧;照料
27. every two years 每兩年
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
29. endangered animals 瀕危動物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊貓越來越少
31. be in danger 處於危險之中
32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救這些動物的重要性
【重點句型】
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 當你接近山頂時，連呼吸都會困難。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一個主要的原因是人們想要在面臨困難時挑戰自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 這些登山者的精神向我們證明：我們永遠都不應該放棄實現自己的夢想。
4. How high is Qomolangma? 穆朗瑪峰有多高?
5. Although Japan is older than Canada，it is much smaller.雖然日本比加拿大有更悠久的歷史，但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Alt pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊貓一天要花1 2 個多小時的時間吃大約十千克竹子。
初二下冊英語知識點 總結 相關 文章 ：
★ 初二英語下冊英語語法知識總結
★ 初二英語下冊各章節知識點歸納
★ 初二下冊英語語法匯總
★ 八年級英語下冊知識點筆記
★ 八年級下冊英語知識點總結
★ 八年級下冊英語重點知識匯總
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★ 2017八年級下冊英語重點知識點總結
★ 八年級下冊英語語法匯總
3. 八年級下冊英語語法匯總
初中英語作為一個重要的進階 英語學習 階段，英語知識積累是非常重要的，下面是我給大家帶來的 八年級 下冊英語語法知識點匯總，希望能夠幫助到大家!
八年級下冊英語語法匯總
一. 詢問某人的健康問題及遭到麻煩的表達 方法
1. 詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時，常用以下幾種結構來表達：
What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎麼了?
What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎麼了?
What’s the trouble with sb? 某人出什麼事了?
What happened to sb? 某人發生了什麼事?
Are you OK? 你沒事吧?
Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有不舒服/麻煩嗎?
2. 要表達身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結構：
①某人+have/has+病症
The twins have colds.雙胞胎感冒了。
②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+發病部位
He has a sore throat. 他喉嚨痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞
He hurt his leg. 他的腿受傷了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly. 我頭痛得厲害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身體部位
I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。
⑦(There is) something wrong with one’s+身體部位
There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表達方式
She has a heart trouble. 她有心臟病。
He got hit on the head. 他頭部受到了撞擊。
She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。
二. 情態動詞should的用法
1. should為情態動詞，意為「應該;應當」，否定式為shouldn’t，其後接動詞原形，無人稱和數的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務等。
You should drink more water. 你應該多喝水。
He should put his head back. 他應該把頭後仰。
We should try our best to help him. 我們應當盡力去幫助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV. 你不應該看電視。
2. should用於主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。
Should I put some medicine on it? 我應當給它敷上葯嗎?
Should we tell her about it? 我們應該告訴她這件事嗎?
3. 在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點。主要結構有：
①Would you like (to do) sth?你想要/願意(做)某事嗎?
Would you like to play basketball with me? 你想要和我一起打 籃球 嗎?
②Shall I/we do sth? 我/我們做某事好嗎?
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 明天我們去動物園，好嗎?
③Why not do sth? 為什麼不......呢?
Why not join us?為什麼不加入到我們當中來呢?
④How/What about doing sth? 做某事怎麼樣?
How about going swimming? 去 游泳 怎麼樣?
⑤Let’s do sth. 讓我們做......吧。
Let’s go home. 咱們回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth 你最好(不)要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone. 你最好不要一個人去那兒。
三. 反身代詞
英語中共有八個反身代詞，在使用時應注意和它所指的相應的對象在人稱、性別和數上保持一致。
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
單數 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
復數 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代詞的用法
1. 可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個或同一些人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf.
We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個或同一些人或事物。
如： She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強語氣。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.
I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定 短語 當中。
如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己
teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自學
enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快
help oneself to sth 請自用……(隨便吃/喝些……)
hurt oneself 弄傷自己
say to oneself 自言自語
leave sb. by oneself 把某人單獨留下
【注意】 反身代詞不能單獨做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強調作用。
如：我自己能完成作業。
(誤)Myself can finish my homework.
(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
四. 一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或狀態，或將來經常發生的動作或狀態。
一般將來時的基本結構
1. will+動詞原形
否定式：will not=won't
一般疑問式：will/shall+主語+動詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式?
—Will he help you with your English tonight?
今天晚上他會幫助你 學習英語 嗎?
—Yes, he will./No, he won't.
是的，他會。/不，他不會。
—When will you arrive for America?
你什麼時候去美國?
—Tomorrow.
明天。
2. am/is/are going to +動詞原形
否定式：am/is/are not going to +動詞原形
一般疑問式：am/is/are +主語+ going to + 動詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式?
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.
看那烏雲，快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us?
他會幫我們收集數據嗎?
What are you going to do tomorrow?
明天你打算作什麼?
3. will+動詞原形與am/is/are going to +動詞原形的用法區別
will+動詞原形與am/is/are going to +動詞原形的用法雖然都表示將來發生動作或情況，一般情況下能互換。但它們的用法是有區別的。
will主要用於在以下三個方面：
(1)表示主觀意願的將來。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他們將去廠參觀工廠。
(2)表示不以人的意志為轉移的客觀的將來。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年這個時候他就(將)三十歲。
(3)表示臨時決定，通常用於對話中。
—Mary has been ill for a week.
瑪麗病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢，我不知道。我去看看她。
be going to主要用於以下兩個方面：
(1)表示事先經過考慮、安排好打算、計劃要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。
(2)表示根據目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發生，表示推測。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!烏雲密集。天要下雨了。
五. 動詞不定式(to do)的用法
1. 作主語
為避免 句子 的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動詞不定式後置。
常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
2. 作賓語
動詞want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接動詞不定式作賓語。
3. 作(後置)定語
常用於「have/has+sth.+to do」或「It‟s time to do sth.」等結構中。
4. 作賓語補足語
tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，構成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結構。
【注意】動詞不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to：「一感(feel)，二聽(listen to, hear)，三讓(let, make, have，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半幫助(help)」。
5. 動詞不定式作狀語
主要用來修飾動詞，表示目的，結果或原因。為了強調目的，有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) 「為了，目的是」。
六. Could you please...?句型
1. 請求別人時通常用此句型，也可以說Can you...please?情態動詞could或can在這里均表示請求，在意思上無區別，但是用could在於其顯得更委婉、客氣、誠懇。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please，則顯得更禮貌。
Could you help me find my book, please?你能幫我找到我的書嗎?
2. 對could you/I...?的問句作出肯定回答，常用「sure/certainly/of course」等;如果作否定回答，常用「sorry或oh, please don’t」。 一般不用no開頭，用no顯得語氣生硬、不禮貌。
3. 表示請求的其他句式
Would you like to do...?
Would you mind doing...?
Let’s do....
Please do...(祈使句前加please)
七. 過去進行時
1. 基本概念：過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或一段時間內正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用時間狀語來表示。常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。
It was raining when they left the station.
他們離開車站的時候天正在下雨。
2. 基本結構 was / were ( not ) + 動詞-ing
3. 一般過去時與過去進行時用法的比較
一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發生過的動作或存在的狀態, 而過去進行時則表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大衛昨晚給他的朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了。)
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大衛昨晚一直在給他的朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完。)
八. 狀語從句
1. unless引導條件狀語從句
unless = if...not... 除非，若不
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.
2. as soon as引導時間狀語從句，意為「一...就...」。
He will come and see you as soon as he can.
3. so...that...引導結果狀語從句
句型1：主語+謂語+so+形容詞/副詞+that從句
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2： so +形容詞 + a/an + 單數名詞 + that從句
It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
句型3. so + many/ few + 復數名詞 + that從句
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
句型4： so +much/ little + 不可數名詞 + that 從句
I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
九. 形容詞/副詞的比較等級
形容詞和副詞有三個比較等級，即原級(也就是原形)、比較級(表示「較……」或「更……」的意思，用於兩者之間比較)和最高級(表示「最……」的意思，用於三者或三者以上的比較)。
1. 形容詞/副詞的比較級和最高級的規則變化
(1)單音節詞和少數以-er，-ow結尾的雙音節單詞，比較級在後面加-er，最高級在後面加-est。
① 單音節單詞
small→smaller→smallest
short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest
great→greater→greatest
② 少數以-er，-ow結尾的雙音節單詞
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不發音e結尾的單音節單詞，比較級在原形後加-r，最高級在原級後加-st。
large→larger→largest
nice→nicer→nicest
able→abler→ablest
(3)以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節(即：輔音+母音+輔音)單詞中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er，最高級加-est。
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest
fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以「輔音字母+y」結尾的雙音節詞， 把y改為i，比較級加-er，最高級加-est。
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest
happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他雙音節詞和多音節詞，比較級在前面加more，最高級在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
2. 形容詞/副詞的比較級和最高級的不規則變化
good→better→best
well→better→best
bad→worse→worst
ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
3. 原級常用句型
(1)A is as+原級+ as+ B 表示A與B一樣...
eg. He is as tall as me.
(2)A is not as/so +原級+ as B 表示A不如B...
eg. He is not as tall as me.
(3)只能修飾原級的詞，very，quite，so，too，so，enough，pretty等 。
eg. He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至於不能再繼續走了。
4. 比較級常用句型
(1)當句中有than時則用比較級。
eg. He is fatter than me.
(2)「特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級，A or B? 」
eg. Which is bigger，the earth or the moon?哪一個更大，地球還是月球?
(3)「比較級+and+比較級」表示「越來越...」。
eg. The flowers are more and more beautiful.花兒越來越漂亮。
English is more and more important. 英語越來越重要了。
(4)「the+比較級，the+比較級」表示「越...，越...」。
eg. The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
(5)可以修飾比較級的詞：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，even，still等。
eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一課比第二課容易得多。
5. 最高級常用句型
1.「主語+be+the+形容詞最高級(+單數名詞)+in/of...」表示「……是……中最……的」。
Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.
湯姆是他們班上/所有學生當中最高的。
2.「主語+實意動詞+(the)+副詞最高級+in/of...」表示「……是……中最……的」。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.
我是我們班跳得最遠的。
3.「主語+be+one of the+形容詞最高級+復數名詞+in/of...」表示「……是……中最……之一」。
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
北京是中國最大城市之一。
4.「特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級，甲，乙，or丙?」用於三者或三者以上的比較。
Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada?
哪個國家最大，中國，巴西還是加拿大?
5.「特殊疑問詞+助動詞+主語(+the)+副詞最高級+甲，乙，or丙?」用於三者或三者以上的比較。
Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn?
你最喜歡哪一個季節，春天，夏天還是秋天?
注意：副詞最高級用在句中時，其前可以加the，也可以不加;但形容詞最高級用在句中時，其前一般都要加the。
十. 現在完成時
一. 現在完成時基本結構
①肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞
②否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞
③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞
④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞)
二. 現在完成時用法
1. 現在完成時用來表示過去已經完成的動作對現在造成影響或後果。也就是說，動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在，強調的是現在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已經郵寄出了照片。
與此種用法連用的時間狀語時一些模糊的過去時間狀語，如already(肯定句), yet(否定句/疑問句), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 現在完成時也可用來表示動作或狀態發生在過去某一時刻，持續到現在並且有可能會繼續持續下去。此種用法常與for(+時間段),since(+時間點或過去時的句子)連用。謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞。
He has lived here since 1978.
自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始於1978年，一直住到現在，可能還要繼續住下去。)
有些瞬間動詞可變為延續動詞：
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
4. 八年級下冊英語（外研版）Mole6、7、8復習提綱
Mole 6
過去進行時 What were you doing thistime yesterday? What were youdoing ring the winterholidays? I was playingfootball between 5 and 7 last Saturday. He wasdoing his homework when someon knocked the door.
How is it going?近來怎麼樣？ Isee! 我明白 letme guess… 讓我猜猜
by the river 在河邊by=beside sitin a tree 坐在樹上 on the tree(長)在樹上
smile at sb. 朝。。。笑 look at看 fall down 摔倒 / fall off 摔下來
by mistake 不小心 get tired / betired 疲倦的
have nothing to do沒有做什麼=don』t doanything have no =don』t have沒有
nothing 不定代詞（something everything anything somebody等）注意用法 There is nothing in the room. Nothing special happenedyesterday．
there is nothing = there isn』t anything 沒有什麼東西
She didn』t think it was strange 她認為沒有什麼奇怪的。
see sb. do / doing看見某人做/正在做某事 hear sb.do /doing
across the field 穿過田野 (through theforest穿過森林)
get out出去 grow up長大 have a picnic野餐 gooff 熄滅
not…until 直到…才… She didn』t goto bed until her mother went home .她直到媽媽回家才上床睡覺。
start doing / start to do開始做。。。 jumpout of bed 跳下床
play with a ball玩球 at about 7o』clock last night昨晚大約7點
on my way to school 在我去學校的路上 on one』s wayhome 在某人回家的路上
this time last year 去年的這個時候 from …to…從…到…
jump up跳起來 look up 查閱；向上看 walk along thebeach 沿著海岸散步
Suddenly a rabbit passed her . 突然，一隻兔子從她身邊經過。（動詞）= Suddenly arabbit ran by her .(介詞)
called Alice 叫做愛麗絲 Do you know the girl calledAlice ?
think of 基本等於think abou 思考，考慮，認為，想
happen to sb.某人發生了什麼事 ringthe day 一整天
while when 當…的時候 When the teacher came in, wewere talking. While wewere talking, the teacher camein. They were singing while we were dancing.
across (介) 與 cross（動） go acrossa river 穿一條河 cross the street 穿過街道
Every boy and girl likes ice cream. 每個男孩和女孩都喜歡冰淇淋。（用單數）
tired 感到勞累的，疲倦的（人） tiring令人勞累的，疲倦的（物）
once or twice 一兩次，偶而
under 在…下面(垂直方向) below在…下面(不強調垂直) (相對應 在…上面 overabove 還有一個接觸的on)
Mole 7 Time off
片語： 1.enjoy oneself;
2.be famous for…因為…而著名 be famous as…作為…而著名; 3.as if 好像;
4.wake sb. up叫醒某人; 5. hope to do sth.希望做某事; 6.leave sb. alone把某人單獨留下; 7.put…away把…收起來; 8.have seven days off休息七天； 9.go back into回到…裡面； 10.protect…from…保護…免受…; 11.be popular with受…的歡迎; 12.national park國家公園；
13.the second largest fresh water lake 第二大淡水湖( the +序數詞+最高級+單數名詞 表示「第幾最」)； 14.in the north of 在…的北部（east west south north）; 15.cross=go across;
16. whole注意位置,直接放在名詞前 the whole world all 則放在修飾詞的前面, all these people all the class; 17. the rest of+名詞 剩餘部分，其餘的；
18. one of … …之一 做主語時，注意要用第三人稱單數 One of the students is from Japan.；
19. wish sb. to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事； 20. on a clear day 在晴朗的一天
21. welcome sb. to someplace 歡迎某人來某地；
句子： I can hardly hear the traffic in the streets and no one is shouting. 我幾乎聽不到街上的車輛聲，也沒有人在大聲喊叫。 Hardly 副詞，「幾乎不，幾乎沒有」 no one/ nobody/ everyone/ everybody 都為第三人稱單數
語法點：直接引語間接引語（二）
*If/whether 「是否」 有or時， 只能用whether
She asked, 「Is this book yours or his?」 She asked whether this book was mine or his.
*祈使句的間接引語 用「動詞+賓語+不定式」 即asked/ told/ ordered/ warned sb. (not ) to do sth.
The teacher said to him, 「Don』t waste your time.」 The teacher told him not to waste their time.
* 特殊情況: 1. 客觀真理，習語等， 變間接引語事時態不變
The teacher said, 「The earth goes around the sun.」 The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
2. 直接引語中被引述的部分是反復出現的，習慣性的動作或說話時情況依然存在的，則變間接引語時時態保持不變， 一般有usually等標志詞
The boy said to us, 「I usually get up at six every morning.」 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
3. 直接引語中有明確表示過去的時間狀語， 過去時態不變
He said to me, 「I was born in 1978.」 He told me he was born in 1978.
Mole 8 Public holidays
片語：1.public holidays公共假日;
2.on vacation 度假; 3.as soon as 一…就…; 4.make a plan制訂計劃; 5.in the same way用相同的方式; 6.in different ways用不同的方式;
7.have a good time doing sth.做某事很開心; 8.promise sb. to do sth.向某人承諾做某事; 9.say goodbye to sth.向…道別; 10.depend on依靠，取決於; 11. not…until 直到…才； 12. New Year』s Eve 除夕；13. count down 倒計時； 14. all over 到處; 15. not all… 不是所有的（部分否定） none of （全部否定），
16. celebrate their New Year 慶祝他們的新年； 17. plan to do 計劃做某事= plan for sth. 18. be close to 與…接近 closed 關著的 open 開著的； 19. shout loudly 大聲喊叫 shout at/to sb.; 20.color the hair 染發
句型： It』s time to do sth. 該到做某事的時候了 It』s time to play the piano. 該彈鋼琴了。
Be busy doing sth. 忙於做某事 He is busy cooking. 他忙著做飯 be busy with sth. 忙於某事 He is busy with his homework. 語法點：狀語從句（一）
時間狀語從句 when, while, before/after, as soon as, (not）…until/till, since 時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態， 而用現在時表將來 （主將從現） 例如：I』ll call you as soon as I get to New York. / I will tell him the truth when he comes back.
5. 2017八年級下冊英語重點知識點總結
把英語的知識點做好整理,能讓你在考試中有很大的提高。下面由我為你整理的2017八年級下冊英語知識點，希望對大家有幫助!
2017八年級下冊英語知識點總結1
一、語法
1. Why don’t you do ... ?
提建 2. Why not do ... ? Thanks!
議的 3. You should (shouldn’t) do ... . 回答 Good!
表達 4. It’s a good idea to do ... . Excellent!
方式 5. Try (not) to do ... .
6. How about/ What about doing ... ?
二、重點句子
1. You should speak English in class.
2. You should write down your mistakes in your notebooks.
3. Why don’t you write down the correct spelling and grammar next to the mistakes?
4. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?
5. Try not to translate every word.
6. Everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each other.
7. It’s a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.
2017八年級下冊英語知識點總結2
現在完成時：
1. 過去發生或完成的動作對現在造成了一定的影響和後果;
2. 結構：由助動詞have/has +動詞的過去分詞構成;
肯定句
現在完成時的肯定句式是“have(has)+過去分詞”。
注意：該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用於第三人稱單數，其它人稱一律用have。
疑問句
現在完成時的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。
回答：Yes, … have(has).
No, … haven’t(hasn’t).
否定句：
現在完成時的否定句式是“haven't(hasn't)+過去分詞”。
3. 現在完成時的時間狀語:already, just, yet, since, ever, never;
4. 與一般過去時的區別：一般過去時是強調動作在過去發生，而現在完成時是強調過去發生的動作對 現在造成了影響和後果。
5.一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, just now, …ago, last week, 2 years ago,in 1980等。
例：
We planted (plant) some flowers in the garden last week.
I have sent (send) the letter.
He has come (come ) back home, he is watching (watch) TV now.
David finished (finish) his homework just now.
The monkeys are full, because we have fed (feed) them.
A: I have lost (lose) my purse!
B. Bad luck! When did you lose (lose) it?
A: I lost (lose) it last night.
與現在完成時連用的幾個副詞：already, just, ever, yet, never
肯定句: already, just
疑問句和否定句: ever, yet, never
yet 常置於句末
already, never, ever just一般置於助動詞have/has之後，過去分詞之前.
例：用 already, just或never, yet完成句子
1) I have been to many big cities, but I have never been to Shanghai.
2) Most of us have already finished our compositions.
3) Have they taken down the old pictures yet ? No, not yet .
4) He has already visited Beijing twice.
5) I have just heard the news. I know it.
7. 現在完成時中的for和since
(1)for + 一段時間(用How long提問)
We have known each other for ten years. 我們相識10年了。
(2)since + 句子/具體時間
since 引導的短語或從句用How long提問
①since+過去一個時間點(具體的年、月、日、鍾點等)。
Tom has eaten nothing since yesterday.
②since + 一段時間+ago
We have been friends since five months ago. 從5個月前起，我們就成了朋友。
③since+從句，表示“自過去某個時間、某件事情以來”，從句時態：一般過去時。
I have lived here since I left Shanghai.
④It is+一段時間+since從句，表示“自從某件事發生已有一段時間了”。
It is two years since I left school.
8. 在含for或since引導的時間狀語的現在完成時中，謂語動詞只能用延續性動詞。非延續性動詞不能直接和for或since 連用。
leave --- be away die --- be dead
begin/start --- be on finish --- be over
come here --- be here go there --- be there
come back --- be back fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from
go (get) out --- be out open sth --- keep sth open
join --- be in+組織機構/be a member of+組織機構
fall ill --- be ill get up --- be up
catch a cold --- have a cold borrow --- keep
buy --- have get to know --- know
put on---wear
例：
1. The old man died 4 years ago.
The old man has been dead for 4 years.
2. It is 4 years since the old man died.
Four years has passed since the old man died.
3. He joined the Party 2 years ago.
He has been in the Party for 2 years.
4. I bought the book 5 days ago.
I have had the book for 5 days.
2017八年級下冊英語知識點總結3
反意疑問句：用於對某一事物或觀點沒有確切的把握，或者用於加強自己的觀點。
陳述句+簡短的一般疑問句 [助動詞/be動詞/情態動詞+代詞]
肯定或否定 與陳述句的主語一致
肯定 否定
否定 肯定
注意：
1. 反問部分的be動詞，助動詞或情態動詞要與陳述句部分一致。
2. 陳述句與反問句在時態和人稱上要一致。
3. 陳述句部分如果為否定句或含有否定意義的詞(如：nothing，never, little, few等)，反問句要用肯定式;陳述句部分如果式肯定句，反問部分要用否定式。
例：
He was not at home at that time, was he?
May listens to pops everyday, doesn’t she?
We know nothing about him, do we?
You haven’t heard of him, have you?
4. 當句子為祈使句時，反問句一般用will you，表示請求或建議對方作某事，詢問對方是否願意。
註：當祈使句為“Let’s ...”結構時，用shall we 反問。
Drive more slowly, will you?
Let’s walk out of the library quietly, shall we?
5. 回答：看陳述句的肯定部分，當事實為肯定時，用Yes;事實為否定時，用No。
當陳述句為否定句時，把否定部分忽略，只看肯定部分的意思。
Mole 6
過去進行時
1. 基本概念
表示在過去某一具體時間內的某一持續性行為，即過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作。
常和表示過去時間的片語或從句連用。
2. 基本結構：be動詞的過去式was/were+現在分詞
即：was/were+doing
was用於第一人稱及第三人稱單數，were用於第二人稱及復數。
3. 基本句型
肯定式：was/were + doing
I/She/He was working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2點到4點我/她/他一直都在農場里幹活。
否定式：was/were + not+ doing
I/She/He wasn’t working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2點到4點我/她/他並不在農場里幹活。
疑問式：把was/were放於句首。
—Were you/they working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock?
2點到4點你/你們/他們一直都在農場里幹活嗎?
—Yes, I was./Yes, we/they were.
是的，我/我們/他們在幹活。
—No, I wasn’t./No, we/they weren’t.
不是，我/我們/他們並沒有在幹活。
時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
4. 基本用法
(1)表示過去某時間正在進行的動作或持續的行為，常和表過去的時間狀語連用。
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在做作業。
(2)可用來為另一個動作的發生提供背景。表示背景的句子通常用過去進行時，而另一個句子則用一般過去時。
He hurt his leg when he was riding a bike.
他在騎車時把腿摔壞了。
5. 現在進行時和過去進行時的區別
表示說話時正在進行的動作用現在進行時。
I am writing a letter now. (am/is/are+doing)
Look! They are waiting for you.
We are working ( work ) on a farm now.
Listen! Someone is knocking (knock) at the door.
Lucy isn’t reading ( not read) at the moment.
Where are they? They are running (run) outside.
表示過去某時正在進行的動作要用過去進行時。
My parents were watching TV at 8:30 yesterday evening.
I wasn’t doing my homework when he called me.
6. 一般過去時和過去進行時的區別
相同點：兩者都表示過去發生的動作。
不同點：
過去時表示過去一個完成的動作。
過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作，可能沒有完成。
e.g. He read a book last night.
昨天晚上他讀了一本書。(讀完了)
He was reading a story book last night.
昨天晚上他正在讀故事書。(還沒有讀完)
6. 八年級下冊外研版英語第五模塊知識點
八年級下冊外研版英語第五模塊知識點
1、can』t help doing sth禁不住做某事
2、orange-and-white橙白相間的
3、win the heart of sb 贏得某人的心
4、make a terrible mess 製造混亂
5、stay/ run/walk/go/keep/ away from 遠離
6、expect to do sth 期盼做某事
7、black-and-white 黑白的
8、his own private world 他的私人世界
9、be satisfied with 對…滿意
10、over=more than 超過
11、It』s time to do sth 到了做某事的時間了
12、fly through the sky 穿越天空
13、fight bad people 打擊壞人
14、climb up buildings 爬建築物
15、keep/finish doing sth
16、real hero 真正的英雄
17、I don』t think we agree. 我認為我們的觀點不同
18、humorous cartoons 幽默卡通
19、let us do sth 讓我們做某事..
20、both of them 兩個都
21、everywhere=here and there 到處
22、a of 一本two copies of兩本
23、lead sb 領導某人
24、a place to live in 一個居住地
25、celebrate his sixtieth birthday 慶祝他的第六十個生日
26、laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
27、your/my/his/her/ own 你/我/他/她自己的
28、What do you think of… 你認為…怎麼樣
29、enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
30、not only..but also.. 不但..而且..
31、from time to time 間或；有時
32、mind （not）doing (不)介意做某事
33、at the top of 在..的頂部
34、at the bottom of 在..的底部
35、have+過去分詞…for…"一段時間": have後面跟延續性動詞
36、That』s cool.太酷了/很棒
37、as 當…時；在..期間
38、as well as也（強調其前面的內容）
謂語就前
7. 外研版八年級下英語語法
Unit6 Fun Cycling
Topic1 We』re going on a spring field trip
一. 重點詞彙
( 一 ) 詞形轉換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應詞) king
3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety
( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重點片語:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做決定
3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 預訂
8. come up with 想出（主意）
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付；賠償
11. raise money 籌錢
12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為……訂房間
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝
19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間
20．a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）卧
21.my pleasure 不客氣
二．重點句型及重點語言點
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。
to tell you 是動詞不定式短語， 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之後。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。
go on a visit to 去參觀/旅遊 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩
4．It』s hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語，It 是形式主語。
如： It』s nice to meet you.
5. I』ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是：
I』ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we』ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來，然後我們來決定最好的郊遊方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We』re trying to decide on a school.
7.It』s too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠了。同義句是：It』 too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…？乘……去泰山要花多長時間？
9．How much does it cost to go there ?去那裡要花多少錢？
How much does a standard room cost ? 一個標准間的價格是多少？
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我們的票價是硬卧120元，軟卧是180元。
at 意為「以……」，一般用於表示價格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為「供，適合於」。I』ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I』d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預訂20張硬卧票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 預訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為……預訂房間
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預訂一些14號的房間。
12．Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請在下午5：30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國的費用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預訂房間。
make a reservation 預訂
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我們有帶浴缸……的房間。
with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It』s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國的學校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個學生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎的票。
(1)each 作主語，謂語用單數 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. （2）用於單數名詞前，作定語，謂語用單數。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用於復數主語後，作主語同位語，謂語用復數。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來信。
Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重點語法
動詞不定式
（1） 動詞不定式常跟這些及物動詞之後，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用順口溜（要想拒絕忘記，需要努力學習，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始）
（2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
（3） 不定式可以和疑問詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don』t know how to get to the station.
（4） 本topic出現的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.
Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?
一、重點詞彙：
（一）詞形轉換：
1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern
3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull
5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded
（二）重點片語:
1.make a plan 擬定計劃
2. make sure 確信，確保
3. come along with 和……一起來
4. at the foot of 在……的腳下
5. be surprised at 對……感到驚奇
6. be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
7. out of sight 看不見
8. step on one』s toes 踩著某人的腳
9. can』t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布於
11.rush out 沖出去
12.raise one』s head 抬頭
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 謝天謝地
二． 重點句型及重點語言點
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當你在旅行時， 我正忙於准備考試。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙於做某事
I』m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 當……時候，引導時間狀語從句。當一個動作在正在進行時，另一個動作也同時進行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計劃好嗎？
Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細勘測了整個區域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背後有群山環繞。
make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It』s about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個半小時。
Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It』s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。
to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位詞+of 表示在某一范圍內的地區 Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進定陵，對那裡的奇觀感到很驚奇。
be surprised at 對……感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們不得不尋找停自行車的地方
space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
當人群從四面八方擠來時，有人踩了他的腳。
in one』s direction 朝著某人的方向 step on one』s toes踩了某人的腳
step on sth 踩某物 Don』t step on the flowers and grass.
9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.
當他最後沖出人群時，他注意到他的兩個朋友都不見了。
notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事
10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
三個男孩一見面，就高興得跳了起來。
as soon as 引導時間狀語從句 意為「一……就」
He left as soon as he heard the news.
I』ll tell him as soon as I see him.
11.He didn』t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起頭。 not …until 直到……才
12.They were so lovely that we couldn』t help playing with them.
它們太可愛了，我們禁不住和它們一起玩。
can』t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn』t help laughing.
13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我對在中國的一切感到滿意。]
be satisfied with 對……感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work.
14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。
ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
三.重點語法 時間狀語從句
1。引導詞：
（1） when, while , as 當……時候. when 後可跟短暫性動詞也可跟延續性動詞；while 後跟延續性動詞；as 多用於口語，強調同一時間，或一前一後。
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 學生在教室里談話時，老師進來了。
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊唱歌。
（2）not … until 直到……才，主句謂語動詞常用短暫性動詞。
I won』t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn』t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之後，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 時態
（1）當主句為一般過去時時，從句常用過去的某種時態。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)當主句的時態為一般將來時， 從句用一般現在時。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
本topic出現的句子有：
1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
2.He didn』t raise his head until someone called his name.
3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.
6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.
Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people
一、重點詞彙：
（一）詞形轉換：
1. death (動詞) die (形容詞 )dead 2 slow (副詞) slowly
3.crossing（動詞）cross 介詞） across 4. success（動詞）succeed (形容詞successful
5．Pain (形容詞) painful 6. lead (名詞) leader
7.final (副詞) finally 8impossible (反義詞) possible
9 courage （動詞） encourage
（二）重點片語:
1．Slow down 減速
2. run into 撞到
3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事
4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
5. ride into 進入 躋身於
6 get used to (doing) 習慣於做某事
7. a sharp turn 急轉彎
8. be popular with 受……的歡迎
9. get a fine 處以罰金
10. go on doing sth 繼續做某事
11. the way to success 成功之路
12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規則
13.break the traffic rules 違反交通規則
14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
15.be famous for 因……聞名
16. be in danger 處於危險中
17.after a while 一會兒
二． 重點句型及重點語言點
1．I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我認為北京的交通很擁堵。
traffic 是不可數名詞
2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人們都遵守交通規則，交通事故將會減少。
If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規則，將很危險，我們會受到處罰的。
這是if 引導條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現在時。
3．I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比較級
4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 這樣可以節約能源以及避免空氣污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
You should avoid making the mistake like that.
He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.
5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行車深受人們歡迎。
Be popular with 受……歡迎
6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。
8．.However, his way to success didn』t go well. 然而，他的成功之路並非一帆風順。
The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
I didn』t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作沒什麼結果。
9．Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面對生命中其他挑戰一樣，蘭斯迎頭面對。
10．It seems impossible to beat him. 打敗他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
She always seems to be sad.
三.重點語法 條件狀語從句
1.條件狀語從句由if（如果），unless(除非)等 引導的，謂語動詞常用一般現在時表示將來，主句用一般將來時。
主句 if從句
Will (must, should, may) 一般現在時
如：I won』t go if he doesn』t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won』t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引導的結果句，祈使句在意義上相當於條件狀語從句。
如：Hurry up, or you』ll be late.= If you don』t hurry up, you』ll be late.=You』ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.