① 中考英語語法必考知識點有哪些
中考英語語法必考知識點:
1、few, a few, little, a little, several, some
few 和little的意思是否定的,表示「很少」或「幾乎沒有」;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示「有一些,有一點兒」。
few 和a few修飾可數名詞;little 和a little 修飾不可數名詞。
several用於修飾可數名詞,語意比a few和some更肯定,含有「好幾個」的意思。
some可修飾可數名詞,也可修飾不可數名詞,從數量上說,它有時相當於a few 或a little,有時指更多一些的數量。
2、定語從句
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who等,關系副詞包括where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
3、現在完成時的基本結構
肯定句:主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他。
否定句:主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他。
一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他。
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他)。
4、each, every
兩詞都是「每個」的意思,但著重點不同。each著重個別的情況,every著重全體,有「所有的」的意思。
如:She knows each student of the class.
她認識這個班裡的每一個學生。
She knows every student of the class.
她認識這個班所有的學生。
5、as soon as 一……就……
用來引導時間狀語從句。若主句是一般將來時,從句要用一般現在時。
例如:I』ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.
我一看到他就告訴他這個計劃。
② 初中英語必背知識點總結
英語是中考一門十分重要的科目,下面是初中英語重點知識點總結,希望能夠對大家英語的學習有所幫助。
英語重點時態
一般現在時:常與always,often,sometimes, every day連用,表示習慣或經常反復發生的動作或存在的狀態。提醒你當第三人稱單數做主語時,別忘了動詞的變化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客觀真理、事實一定用一般現在時。
現在進行時:要注意其構成:由be+動詞+ing,表示說話時正在進行的動作。如:We're studying now. 我們現在正在學習。
一般過去時:表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示過去時間的狀語連用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同學一見到often就想到用一般現在時,其實因為後面有表示過去時間的 last summer,所以要用過去式,千萬別誤用了,切記,切記。
過去進行時:顯然過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在做什麼,常和特定的時間狀語如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等連用。如: When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.
獨立主格
1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換
當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時,可用獨立主格結構取代狀語從句,但不再保留連詞。如:
After class was over(=Class being over/Class over),the students soon left the classroom.
下課後,學生很快離開了教室。
2.不能省略being(having been)的情形
在下列兩種情況下,獨立主格結構中的being(或having been)不能省略:
(1)獨立主格結構的邏輯主語是代詞時。如:
It being Sunday,we went to church.因為是星期天,我們去了做禮拜。
(2)在Therebeing+名詞的結構中。如:
There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.
因為沒有公共汽車,所以我們不得不步行回家。
3.通常不用物主代詞或冠詞
在「名詞(或代詞)+介詞短語」構成的獨立主格結構中,一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如:
Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand.
史密斯先生走進了課室,手裡拿著一本書。
比較with的復合結構:Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in his hand.
4.獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式
The chief-editor arriving,we began the meeting.主編來了,我們開始開會。
比較動名詞復合結構:
The chief-editor』s arriving made us very surprised.
5.獨立主格的時態問題
獨立主格結構作時間或原因狀語時,可用完成時,表示該動作發生在謂語之前。
情態動詞
1.考查情態動詞表示「推測」的用法
表示肯定推測的情態動詞有:must「一定;準是」,may「也許;可能」,might「或許」;表示否定推測的情態動詞有:can't「不可能」, couldn't「不會」,may not「也許不」,might not「或許不」;can表示推測時不用於肯定句,may表示推測時不用於疑問句。
2.考查情態動詞引起的一般疑問句的答語
回答must時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn't或don't have to。回答need時,肯定答語用must,否定答語用needn't。回答may時,肯定答語用may,否定答語用mustn't 或can't。
3.考查情態動詞的意義
must 「必須」;have to「不得不」; need 「必須;需要」; can(could)「能;可能」;may (might) 「可以;可能」; shall,will (would)「將;會;願意;要」; should「應當」。
「had better (not) + 動詞原形」表示建議;have to / has to / had to的否定,疑問形式要藉助於助動詞do / does / did。
構詞法
1、合成法:如:spaceship,headache,basketball,playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名詞:①動詞+er/or②動詞+ing③動詞+(t)ion④形容詞+ness⑤其他,如:inventor,learner,swimming,congratulation,kindness,carelessness,knowledge
(2)派生形容詞:①名詞+y②名詞+ful③動詞+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥Chinese;Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩國名+(i)an如:snowy,sunny,hopeful,beautiful,interesting,follwing,daily(每日的),nervous,delicious
(3)派生副詞:①形容詞+ly②其它,如:slowly,angrily,full→fully,good→well,possible→possibly等。
3、轉換法:
(1)形容詞→動詞,如:dry(乾燥的)→dry(弄乾),clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄乾凈)等。
(2)動詞→名詞,如:look,walk,rest,work,study,swim,go,talk等。
(3)名詞→動詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等。
(4)形容詞→副詞,如:early→early,fast→fast等。
(5)副詞→連詞,如:when(什麼時候)→(當……時候),等。
(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……里)→(在裡面;在家),on(在…上)→(進行,繼續)等。
③ 英語中考必備知識點有哪些
中考英語知識點匯總
1 see、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2(比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣
6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴隨…… eg : Iwill go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕…… eg : I』m afraed togo out at night I』m afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼 eg: I』m allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowedto watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don』t be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 遠離
28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於
31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 befriendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自 eg :Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filledwith 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句
39 be going to + v(原) 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處 Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I』m like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料)
52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀
54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜
56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He』s strict inobeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格
64 be supposed todo 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定
66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I』m sure of my head (myteacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I』m suer that he canpass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣
73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He isused to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼 eg : Let』s begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : I』m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He』s bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止
83 callsb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don』t you care about this country』s future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進
88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯
97 Don』t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don』t mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書
100 end up +doing
④ 初二英語知識點整理總結
英語在中考中是一門很重要的學科,下面是總結的一些初二英語重點知識點,希望能對大家英語的學習有所幫助。
情態動詞
can(能,會),may(可以,可能,也許),must(必須,一定,應該)have to(必須,不得不)
1.肯定句結構:
主語+can/may/must+動詞原形+其它,例如:I must go now.
2.否定句結構:
在can/may/must後加not,例如:You mustn』t talk aloud in the library.
3.一般疑問句結構:
把can/may/must提在主語前,例如:Must you go now?(Yes, I must. No, I needn』t.)
May I open the window?(Yes, you may. No, you needn』t.)
簡單句的五種基本句型
1.「主語+謂語」(即「主謂」句型)
例:They .
分析:「they」(主語)「arrived」(謂語)。
2.「主語+謂語+賓語」(即「主謂賓」句型)
例:IstudyEnglish.
分析:「I」(主語)「study」(謂語動作)「English」(賓語即動作涉及的對象)。
3.「主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語」(即「主謂雙賓」句型)
例:OurteachertaughtusEnglish.
分析:「ourteacher」(主語)「教」(謂語動作)「us」(間接賓語)「English」(直接賓語)。
4.「主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語」(即「主謂賓賓補」句型)
例:Heaskedhertogothere.
分析:「he」(主語)「asked」(謂語動作)「her」(賓語即動作涉及的對象)「togothere」(補語—補充說明賓語做什麼)。
5.「主語+系動詞+表語」(即「主系表」句型)
常用的系動詞有be,keep,lie,remain,stand,become,fall,get,go,grow,turn,look,feel,seem,smell,sound,taste,等。
例:Iamateacher.我是一名老師
分析:「I」(主語)「am」(系動詞)「ateacher」(表語—即表明主語的身份)。
副詞
1.是指在句子中表示行為或狀態特徵的詞,用以修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句,表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。
2.副詞的分類
(1)時間頻率副詞
now,then,often,always,usually,next,lastday,already,ever,never等。
(2)地點副詞
ere, there, everywhere, anywhere,somewhere, in, out, inside, outside等。
(3)方式副詞
carefully, properly,warmly ,slowly,badly,bravely等。
(4)疑問副詞
how, when, where, why等。
(5)關系副詞
when, where, why等。
if條件句
if條件句:條件句用於陳述語氣,表示假設的情況可能發生,其中 if 是「如果」的意思,引導條件狀語從句,if從句用一般現在時,主句則用一般將來時。
注意:在與if條件句連用的主句中我們一般用will 表示將來時,而不用be going to 表示將來時。
在when(當…時候), after, before 等引導的時間狀語從句中,如果主句為一般將來時,從句要用一般現在時表示將來(主將從現)。
如: I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就給你打電話。
動詞不定式(to do)的用法
1.作主語
為避免句子的頭重腳輕,常用it作為形式主語,而真正的主語動詞不定式後置。
常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
2.作賓語
動詞want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接動詞不定式作賓語。
3.作(後置)定語
常用於「have/has+sth.+to do」或「It?s time to do sth.」等結構中。
4.作賓語補足語
tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,構成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結構。
【注意】動詞不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to:「一感(feel),二聽(listen to, hear),三讓(let, make, have,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半幫助(help)」。
5.動詞不定式作狀語
主要用來修飾動詞,表示目的,結果或原因。為了強調目的,有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) 「為了,目的是」。
重點語法
一般將來時
do/does 的一般將來時態形式:(shall/will) do.
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態:(shall/will) be done.
過去將來時
should/would+動詞原形
do/does 的過去將來時態形式:(should/would) do.
do/does的過去將來時態的被動語態:(should/would) be done.
過去進行時
do/does 的過去進行時態形式:(was/were) doing.
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態:(was/were) being done.
⑤ 中考英語知識點匯總
中考英語知識點匯總
1 see、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官動詞)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2(比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越怎麼樣
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 贊成某人
5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣
6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴隨…… eg : Iwill go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
8 As soon as 一怎麼樣就怎麼樣
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什麼
12 ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最後;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什麼有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 現在進行時 2 將來時
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能夠干什麼 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕…… eg : I』m afraed togo out at night I』m afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允許做什麼 eg: I』m allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowedto watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
23 be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Don』t be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什麼而生某人的氣
25 be as…原級…as 和什麼一樣 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一樣高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 遠離
28 be away from 從……離開
29 be bad for 對什麼有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生於
31 be busy doing sth 忙於做什麼事 be busy with sth 忙於……
32 be careful 當心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什麼不一樣
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 befriendly to sb 對某人友好
36 be from = come from 來自 eg :Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?
37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filledwith 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water
38 be glad+to+do/從句
39 be going to + v(原) 將來時
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善於……
41 be good for 對什麼有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English
42 be happy to do 很高興做某事
43 be helpful to sb 對某人有好處 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處 Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
44 be in good health 身體健康
45 be in trouble 處於困難中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble
46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣
47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
48 be like 像…… eg : I』m like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的氣
50 be made from 由……製成(製成以後看不見原材料)
51 be made of 由……製成(製成以後還看得見原材料)
52 be not sure 表不確定
53 be on a visit to 參觀
54 be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
55 be quiet 安靜
56 be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶俊傑
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou
61 be strict in doing sth 嚴於做某事 eg : He』s strict inobeying noles
62 be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格
64 be supposed todo 被要求干什麼
65 be sure 表確定
66 be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I』m sure of my head (myteacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)
68 be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: I』m suer that he canpass the test 我相信他能通過考試
69 be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
70 be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什麼一樣
73 be used to doing sth 習慣做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He isused to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
74 be worth doing 值得做什麼
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
76 because+句子 because of +短語 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什麼開始什麼 eg : Let』s begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 兩者之間
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什麼東西 eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth eg : I』m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎麼去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我幾個周了
He』s bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……為止
83 callsb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 關心 eg : Don』t you care about this country』s future ?你為什麼不關心國家的未來
85 catch up with sb 趕上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
87 come in 進
88 come over to 過來
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考慮做什麼 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 為什麼不考慮去瀘州?
92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
93 decide to do sth 決定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的調查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做錯
97 Don』t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don』t mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
99 each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書
100 end up +doing
(參考資料來自http://learning.sohu.com/20150205/n408699425.shtml)
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名詞
名詞:專有名詞和普通名詞(個體名詞、集體名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞)
可數名詞的單數變復數①一般情況加s ②以s, x sh ch,等結尾的詞加-es bus-buses watch-watches ③以o 結尾的名詞,無生命的加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos 有生命的es,如:potato--potatoestomato--tomatoes 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes④以f或fe 結尾的名詞,去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolves wife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves (加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs;)⑤以輔音字母+y結尾的詞,變y 為i,再加es baby---babies ⑥不規則:a. 單復數形式一樣。Sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese. People, police, scissors, trousers b. 其他的。foot—feet tooth---teeth child—children mouse---mice man---men woman---women businessman ---businessmen
German---Germans women doctors
集體名詞: People, police,(一般表示一個整體,謂用復數) class, family, glasses
不可數名詞:
常見的不可數名詞有:information, news, room (空間), work, work, weather, advice, bread , food, milk, tea, ice, glasses, meat
① A little, a bit of, some, much, a lot of, quite a lot of 常修飾不可數名詞.
② 不可數名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
③ 如果用and連接兩個不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。Time and money are-
④ A cup glass ottle ox kilo group crowd class pair of
Two and a half kilos of = two kilos and a half of
名詞所有格 在英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下:
1) 單數名詞詞尾加"'s",復數名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加" 's ",如the boy's bag,men's room Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day
2) 若名詞已有復數詞尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:Teachers’ Day ladies’ room twenty minutes’ walk
3) 凡不能加"'s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字; A picture of family; a map of China
4) 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時,名詞所有格的後面常常不出現它所修飾的名詞,如:the barber's 理發店。
5) 如果兩個名詞並列,並且分別有's,則表示"分別有";只有一個's,則表示'共有'。 John's and Mary's room(兩間)John and Mary's room(一間)
6) 復合名詞或短語,'s 加在最後一個詞的詞尾。 如:a month or two's absence
7)雙重所有格 a friend of mine / hers / his / theirs a friend of Mary’s mother’s
冠詞
冠詞 a / an 的用法
a用於輔音音素前 a useful book, a university, a “u”
Once a week have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/ rest have a cold/ headache / fever /cough have a good time have a try in a hurry after a while keep a diary go for a walk in a minute in a word in a short while
an則用於母音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X”
keep an eye on
定冠詞the的用法:
1)特指雙方都明白的人或物: Give me the book.
2)上文提到過的.人或事: ---Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university.
3)指世上獨一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe )
4)單數名詞連用表示一類事物,如:the dollar 美元; The lion is a wild animal.或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible
5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only,very, same等前面:I live on the second floor.
6)用在表示身體部位的名詞前: She caught me by the arm.
7)用在表示樂器和表方位的名詞之前: She plays the piano violin guitar in the north of China
8)用在普通名詞構成專有名詞前: the People's Republic of China the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace
9) 用在姓氏的復數名詞之前,表示一家人:the Greens are playing the piano.
10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),in the middle (of),in the end, all the time at the same time on the whole,by the way,go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain,
不用定冠詞的情況
1) 國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:China , Europe 歐洲 Lei Feng 雷鋒
2)物質名詞和抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞;當表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。
3)在季節、月份、節日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞; Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day
4)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞; He is captain of the team.
5)在三餐、四季,球類運動、學科、娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast /supper / lunch,play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter
6)當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞;by bus/ train/ taxi/ bus/ ship
7)Day and night face to face side by side step by step watch TV at school / work / home at first/ last in danger in trouble on foot on ty on watch in bed on time in time go to school go to work by taxi / bike at noon at night on TV at town
部分片語有無冠詞的區別
in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在醫院里
in front of 在---的前面in the front of 在----內部的前面
go to school 上學go to the school 到學校去
a number of = a lot of 許多,謂語動詞用復數。
The number of ----的數目,----的總數, 謂語動詞用單數(第三人稱單數)
;