Ⅰ 英語會考必背知識點
知識點不是背的,而是理解加練習的,只要做真題,掌握知識點和考點點和考點即可。
它包括幾乎句子和詞類的所有語法。
Ⅱ 一般英語中考會考哪些類容
呵呵O(∩_∩)O~~~~~~~~一起加油~~~~~
想學好英語先背單詞,背得很熟
有筆記的話好好背筆記
基礎掌握了之後,做些題,把不會的知識點總結到一個本子上
一.詞法
1.名詞
1.1 名詞的可數與不可數
可數名詞指表示的人或事物可以用數來計量,它有單數與復數兩種形式。不可數名詞指所表示的事物不能用數來計量。物質名詞與抽象名詞一般無法用數目,來統計,都成為不可數名詞。
不可數名詞前一般不能用冠詞a、an來表示數量,沒有復數形式。要表示「一個……」這一概念,就須加a piece of這一類短語。要注意許多名詞在漢語里看來是可數名詞,在英語里卻不可數。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
1.2 名詞復數的規則變化
A.一般情況下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 結尾的加-es
C.以輔音字母加y結尾的改y為i再加-es
D.以f,fe結尾的,去掉f或fe,變成v再加-es
1.3 名詞的所有格
A.單數名詞詞尾加』s,復數名詞詞尾若沒有s,也要加』s。
如:the worker's bike,the Children』 s ball
B.表示幾個人共有一樣東西,只需在最後一個人的名字後加』 s若表示各自所有,則需在各個名字後』 s。
如: This is Lucy and Licy』 s room.
These are Kate's and jack』 s rooms.
C. 如果是通過在詞尾加—s構成的復數形式的名詞,只加』。
如:the students』 books,the girls』 blouses
(另外:名詞+of+名詞名詞是有生命的,我們就用』s結構來表示所有關系。如果名詞所表示的事物是無生命的,我們就要用名詞+of+名詞的結構來表示所有關系。)
2.代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞,反身代詞,指示代詞,不定代詞
2.1 人稱代詞
第一人稱單數
I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱
單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱
單數 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
復數 they them their theirs themselves
2.2 物主代詞
物主代詞的用法:
形容詞性物主代詞後面一定要跟上一個名詞。
名詞性物主代詞可作主語、表語、賓語。
2.3 反身代詞
反身代詞的構成分兩種:第一、二人稱反身代詞在形容詞:性物主代詞後加上self或selves,第三人稱的反身代詞在賓格代詞後加上self或selves.
反身代詞的用法:一種是作賓語,由主語發出的動作又回到動作者本身。
如:I enjoyed myself at the party.另一種是作名詞或代詞的同位語;用來加強語氣。如:I
can do it myself.
2.4 指示代詞
指示代詞的特殊用法:
(1)為了避免重復,可用that,those代替前面提到過的名詞,但是this,these不可以。
(2)this,that有時可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
2.5 不定代詞
one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等
3.冠詞
3.1不定冠詞an用在母音讀音開頭(不是指母音字母)的詞前,其餘用不定冠詞a.
3.2 定冠詞的基本用法
A.用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指談話雙方都知道的人或事物前面。
C用在單數可數名詞前面,表示某一類人或事物。
3.3 定冠詞的特殊用法
A.用在世界上獨一無二的事物或方位名詞前。
B. 用在序數詞、形容詞的最高級及only所修飾的名詞前。
C用在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱前面。
D.用在由普通名詞和另外一些詞所構成的專有名詞前面。
E.用在姓氏的復數形式前面,表示全家人或這一姓的夫婦二人。
F.用在樂器名稱前。
G. 和某些形容詞連用,表示某一類人或事物。
3.4 名詞前不用冠詞的情況
A. 在專有名詞 (包括人名、地名、節日、月份、季節) 、物質名詞和抽象名詞前—般不用冠詞。但在以Festival組成的民間節日前要加the。
B. 表示一類人或事物的復數名詞前。
C. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時,不用冠詞。
D. 三餐飯、球類、棋類、游戲名稱前一般不用冠詞。正在有些片語中,有無冠詞含義不同。
(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌邊
go to school去上學;go to the school去那所學校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那個醫院里
4.數詞
4.1 數字的表示
三位數數詞要在百位和十位(若無十位則和個位)之間加and。
1,000以上的數字,從後向前第三位數加一個「,」,第一個「,」前為thousand,第二個「,」前為million,第三個「,」前為billion。
4.2 序數詞除了first,second,third外,其餘都在基數詞尾加-th構成。
4.3分數分子在前,分母在後,分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞,當分子大於1小時,分母序數詞要變成復數。
4.4 Hundreds(thousands,millions)of……
5.形容詞、副詞
5.1 形容詞的位置
(1)形容詞作定語一般要放在名詞前面,但當形容詞修飾不定代詞something,nothing,anything時要放在所修飾的不定代詞之後。如:something important,nothing serious。
(2)當形容詞帶有表示度量的詞或片語作定語或表語時,定語或表語要後置。如:
We have g a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
5.2 形容詞的比較等級
(1) 單音節詞和少數雙音節詞,在詞尾加—(e)r,—(e)st來構成比較級和最高級。其他雙音節
詞和多音節詞,在前面加more,most來構成比較級和最高級。如:
popular———more popular———most popular
important—more important—most important
5.3 副詞比較級的構成
(1) 單音節副詞和個別雙音節副詞通過加-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級。
(2) 絕大多數副詞藉助more,most來構成比較級和最高級。
(3) 少數副詞的不規則變化:
原級 比較級 最高級
well better best
badly worse worst
much more most
little less least
far farther farthest
farthest furthest
late later latest
(4) 副詞的最高級前面可以不加定冠詞the。
(5) 常用句型有like A better than B和like A(the)best of(in)…
其餘變化和形容詞類似。
6.介詞
6.1 表示時間的介詞及介詞短語�
in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, fromto, until, by,in the middle of,at the beginning of, at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of。
6.2 表示地點的介詞及介詞短語�
in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside,inside,up,from,far,from,near,across, off, down, among, past,between,out of,around,in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky, on the ground,in a tree, in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one』s way home,by the side of。�
二.九種基本時態
1.一般現在時
概念: 表示經常發生的動作或經常存在的狀態。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表時間的狀語連用。
如:1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去學校。(表經常)
2) He is always like that . 他總是那樣。 (表狀態)
構成: 1) 主語 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主語 + 實義動詞 + …
2.一般過去時
概念: 1) 表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.
常和表示過去的時間狀語連用. 如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一場電影.
2) 也可表示過去經常或反復發生的動作.
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
構成: 1) 主語 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主語 + 實義動詞過去式 +
3.現在進行時
概念: 表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作.
如: He is singing.
They are watching TV now.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞be(am/are/is) + 動詞-ing形式構成.
4.過去進行時
概念: 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作. 這一特定的過去時間除了有上下文暗示
外,一般用時間狀語來表示.
如: 1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞be(was/were) + 動詞-ing形式構成.
5.一般將來時
概念: 表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作,常與表
示將來的時間狀語連用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等.
如: He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
構成: 1) 主語 + 助動詞will + 動原 +…
2) 主語 + be going to + 動原 + ….
6.過去將來時
概念: 表示在過去將來的某一時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.
構成: 1) 主語(第一人稱) + 助動詞should + 動原 +…
2) 主語 + would + 動原 + ….
3) 主語 + was/ were going to +動原…
用法: 過去將來時除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在間接引語中,主句謂語動詞為過去時態.
如: 1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Naning.
7.現在完成時
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 ( have / has ) + 動詞過去分詞 +…
用法 例句
表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果. ---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (現在我不餓了)
8.現在完成進行時
概念: 表示從過去某一時間開始持續到現在的動作.這一動作可能是剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來.
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 (have / has ) + been + 動詞-ing +…
如: 1. I have been sitting here for an hour.
2. She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.
9.過去完成時
構成: 主語 + 助動詞 had + 動詞過去分詞 +…
用法 例句
表示過去在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作.它表示的動作發生的時間是」過
去的過去」.表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語,也可用when, before, 等引導的
從句或者通過上下文表示. I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三.基本從句
從句的共同特點
從句是指在一個句子中充當一個成分的句子,充當什麼成分就叫什麼從句,如:充當賓語就叫賓語從句,充當定語成分就叫定語從句。
從以上定義中我們可以得出關於從句的一個最大特點:從句是句子。
從句的共同特點:1.從句都有自己的連接詞 2.從句都是陳述語序(陳述語序就是主語在前,謂語在後,如:He is a teacher主語 He 在謂語is之前,因此是陳述語序,而Is he a teacher? 主語 He 在謂語is之後,因此不是陳述語序。)
1.賓語從句
賓語從句是指在一個句子中充當賓語的句子,如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
賓語從句的特點:①賓語從句有自己的連接詞 ②賓語從句用陳述語序 ③賓語從句的時態
①賓語從句的連接詞:賓語從句的連接詞包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑問詞。
②賓語從句的語序;A.賓語從句的連接詞後加陳述語序(主語在前,謂語在後),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow
B.當連接詞本身又是賓語從句的主語時,後面直接加謂語動詞,如:She asked me who had helped him.
③賓語從句的時態,只要記住以下口訣就可以了「主現則從任,主過則從過,客觀真理一般現」
A.主現則從任:主句如果是一般現在時,則從句根據時間狀語需要從八種時態中任選一種,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much(一般現在時)
B.主過則從過:主句如果是一般過去時,則從句根據時間狀語需要從四種帶「過」字的時態中任選一種,帶「過」字的時態分別是如:一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時。
如:He told me that he liked playing football(一般過去時)
C.客觀真理一般現:客觀真理永遠用一般現在時。
如:1.He says the moon goes around the earth.
2.狀語從句
2.1 時間狀語從句:在一個句子中作時間狀語的句子。
時間狀語的連接詞:when(當…時候) while(當…時候) as(當…時候) after(在…以後) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自從…到現在) till /until(直到…
才) by the time(到…為止)依舊是連接詞後加陳述語序。
舉例:when當…的時候(一般情況下主句是將來時的時候,從句要用一般現在時。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
2.2 原因狀語從句:在一個句子中作原因語的句子。
連接詞:由連詞because, since, as引導, 也可由for, now that 等詞引導。
舉例:I didn』t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
2.3 條件狀語從句
連接詞:if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(讓步)
舉例:If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
2.4 目的、結果狀語從句
目的狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當目的狀語的句子。
結果狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當結果狀語的句子
目的狀語從句連接詞so that, so…that , in order that 引導。
結果狀語從句連接詞 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引導。
舉例:so…that 如此…以至於
The scientist』s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
2.5 讓步狀語從句
讓步狀語從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語的句子
連接詞: though, although.,whether…or not
舉例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
3.no matter從句
結構:"no matter +特殊疑問詞疑問詞+陳述語序" 或"特殊疑問詞+後綴ever+陳述語序"
如:No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
4.定語從句
定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分
如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定語)
定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子,定語從句要放在所修飾的詞後
如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定語從句的連接詞:
連接代詞:who、which、whom、whose、that
連接副詞:when、where、why
5.名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句。名詞從句的功能相當於名詞片語, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞: that, whether ,if (不充當從句的任何成分)
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
連接副詞:when, where, how, why
如:That she was chosen made us very happy.
Ⅲ 幫忙整理一下初中英語(新課標)1—5單元重點片語,句子,語法
study for a test 為考試而學習 by doing sth 通過做某事 be afarid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 used to do sth 過去常常做某事 be interested in sth 對某事感興趣 in the last few years 在剛過去的幾年 have to 必須 worry about 擔心 be allowed to do sth 被允許做某事 instead用在句末,instead of用在句子中間,後面跟動詞ing形式 SO DO WE 我們也是 fail a test 考試不及格 pass a test 考試及格 a little late 晚一點 offers you cigarettes 提供香煙 by accident 由於事故 much too 太 too much 太多 because+句子 because of+詞語 next door neighbor 隔壁
Ⅳ 廣州小升初英語考試會考到哪些中學知識點
小升初英語總復習
一、名 詞
二、冠 詞
三, 數 詞
四、代 詞
五、形容詞、副詞
六、介 詞
七、動 詞
2、助動詞( do, does, did )
3、情態動詞
4、行為動詞
八、there/here be結構
九、some,any的用法
十、動詞不定式
十一、動名詞
十二、時間和日期的表達
十三、名詞所有格
十四、句子的種類
類別 例句 用法 標點
陳述句 肯定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者說明說話人的看法 .
類別 例句 用法 標點
陳述句 否定 I can』t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者說明說話人的看法 .
疑
問
句 一般 Are you a student? Do you like puppets?
Can you speak English? 用於提出問題 ?
特殊 when什麼時間;who誰;whose誰的;where在哪裡;which哪一個;why為什麼;what什麼;what time什麼時間;what colour什麼顏色;what about……怎麼樣;what day星期幾;what date什麼日期;what for為何目的;how怎樣;how old多大歲數;how many數量多少;how much多少錢;how about……怎麼樣;how far多遠
選擇 Is your friend a boy or a girl?
反意 It』s a fine day, isn』t it?
祈使句 肯定 Put it here. 表示命令、建議或請求 .或!
否定 Don』t look at the noticeboard.
感嘆句 How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf!
How smart the scarves are! What smart scarves! 表示驚訝、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等強烈感情 ?
十五、時態
1、一般現在時
A、當謂語是be動詞時,構成為:主語+be動詞( am, is, are )+其他。如:I am a student.
B、當謂語是行為動詞時,構成有兩種:
(1)主語(非第三人稱單數)+動詞原形+其他。如:We often watch TV at the weekends.
(2)主語(第三人稱單數)+動詞第三人稱單數形式+其他。
如:Jim usually goes to the park on Sundays.
C、句型變換:
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句及回答
They watch TV at six everyday. They don』t watch TV at six everyday.
---Do they watch TV at six everyday.
---Yes, they do. / No, they don』t.
She watches TV at six everyday. She doesn』t watch TV at six everyday.
---Does she watch TV at six everyday.
---Yes, she does. / No, she doesn』t.
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句及回答
They watch TV at six everyday. They don』t watch TV at six everyday. ---Do they watch TV at six everyday.
---Yes, they do. / No, they don』t.
She watches TV at six everyday. She doesn』t watch TV at six everyday. ---Does she watch TV at six everyday.
---Yes, she does. / No, she doesn』t.
2、現在進行時
A、構成形式:主語+be動詞+動詞的ing形式+其他。
B、判斷依據:句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。注意:千萬不要忘了一定得有be動詞。
C、句型變換:
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句及回答
I was a teacher five years ago. I wasn』t a teacher five years ago. ---Were you a teacher five years ago?
---Yes, I was. / No, I wasn』t.
They played many games yesterday. They didn』t play many games yesterday. Did they play many games yesterday?
Yes, they did. / No, they didn』t.
4、一般將來時
A、構成形式:(1)主語+be going to+動詞原形+其他。(2)主語+will+動詞原形+其他。
B、判斷依據:一個句子中既有be動詞,又有going、to和動詞,且動詞用的是原形,句中
往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等詞。
C、句型變換:
肯定句 否定句 一般疑問句及回答
She is going to have a picnic tomorrow. She isn』t going to have a picnic tomorrow. ---Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?
---Yes, she is. / No, she isn』t.
They are going to visit their grandparents next Sunday. They aren』t going to visit their grandparents next Sunday. --Are they going to visit their grand parents next Sunday?
---Yes, they are. / No, they aren』t.
注意:---Where are you going? ---We』re going to Beijing. 問句中不要用到to。
Ⅳ 初三英語能力競賽會考到哪些語法知識
通常應該是從句比較多,建議你去買一本奧林匹克,很多常用的語法都在裡面呢!很有用的!
Ⅵ 初三英語考試最容易考英語哪部分語法
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈 記得採納O(∩_∩)O哈!
九年級英語復習---語法講解(1-7單元)
Unit1
By是個很常用的介詞(有時也用作副詞),在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種: 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。 The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激,於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息。 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子。5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用,說明接觸身體的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用於被動句中,表示行為主體,常譯作「被」、「由」等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說。(即「許多人講英語。」) 8.組成其它短語。 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」,常做插入語。如: By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下,李平在哪兒。你知道嗎? 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」。如: I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下。 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後,越來越多的人開始學英語了。
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing,相當於名詞,在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等。1)★作主語(這種用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了。2)作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎?3)作表語Babysister』s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作飯和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used這個詞沒有人稱的變化,to後面接動詞原形。
否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語,而用didn』t + 主語。He used to smoke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙,是嗎?Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示過去的習慣動作, 而不是現在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了。He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用,描寫過去的狀態。 I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員,但現在我是計程車司機。
★ 本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態。Mario used to be short.馬力奧過去總是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing.愛米過去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發。He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be有時態,人稱和數的變化,其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣。
一、被動語態的句式變化: 以一般現在時和動詞invite為例,列表說明被動語態的句式變化:
二、各種時態的被動語態結構總結如下: 被動語態的時態是由be的時態決定的,be是什麼時態,全句就是什麼時態,be動詞後面的過去分詞不變。一般現在時的被動語態為:主+am / is / are (not)+過去分詞一般過去時的被動語態為:主+was / were +過去分詞
例如:我們學過的was / were born 生於,就是一個被動語態.born是個過去分詞(bear)-When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 現在進行時被動語態的構成為: 主語+is / am / are + being +過去分詞
現在完成時被動語態的構成為: 主語+have / has +been +過去分詞
情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞+be+過去分詞
一般將來時的被動語態: 主語+will +be +過去分詞
過去將來時的被動語態: 主語+would / should + be +過去分詞
過去進行時的被動語態: 主語+was / were + being +過去分詞
過去完成時的被動語態: 主語+had + been +過去分詞
三、被動語態的用法:(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰,不用by+動作執行者短語 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都廣泛地踢足球。
(2)強調動作的承受者,這時應用by短語。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午這家銀行遭到搶劫。
(3)作客觀說明時,常採用一種被動語態句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
據報道美國大約二十名兒童死於流感。
四、主動語態的句子變為被動語態的方法是:(1)把原句中的賓語變為主語(2)動詞改為被動形式,即be+過去分詞(3)原來的主語,如果需要的話,放在by後面,如果沒必要,可省略。請看下錶:
主動語態 被動語態
They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road. Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).
Unit4
虛擬語氣:如果我們所說的不是事實,也不是要求、命令、勸告等,而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意:條件句分兩種,真實條件句和虛擬條件句。只有在虛擬(非真實)條件句中,才用虛擬語氣,而在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣。
請比較:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好,我們將會去公園。在這句話中,明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的,並非虛擬、幻想,因此是真實條件句。在本句中,適用「主將從現。」
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的話,我立刻就走。)在這句話中,條件句,「如果我是你」,但事實上,我不可能成為你,這只是假設的情況,沒有實現的可能。當條件實現的可能性很小,甚至可以說沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表示,動詞發生了變化。
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時,從句用一般過時。
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」,引導賓語從句。Should此處表示「應該」。不是虛擬語氣。
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時,be動詞只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦?」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
「if」引導的條件句。
Unit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can』t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度 肯定句 否定句 疑問句
must ★ ★ ★ ★ √
may ★ ★ ★ √ √
might
/could ★ ★ √
√
√
√
can』t
can ★ √
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary』s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali』s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda』s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can』t be John』s. (不可能)
It』s much too small for him.
練習:1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can』t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That』s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can』t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn』t B. shouldn』t C. can』t D. may not
Unit6
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時,有如下要點:
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用,又在從句中充當一個成分,因此, 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能,如作主語還是賓語等。
2 當先行詞指人時,關系代詞可用who(做主語,賓語),that(做主語,賓語),whom(作賓語),whose(作定語)
3 當先行詞指物時,關系代詞可用that(做主語,賓語),which(做主語,賓語)
4 再定語從句中,作賓語的關系代詞長可省略,但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略。指人時,介詞後只用whom,指物時,介詞後只用which。
5 在非限制性定語從句中,指人時,只用who,指物時,只用which。
1.定語從句中that與who、which的區別
2.定語從句中關系詞的省略
典型例題
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析:指事物的先行詞前有序數詞修飾時,只能用關系代詞that。故本題的正確答案是D。
2. I don』t think history is as interesting as English.(改為同義詞)
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析:答案是:less; than。意思是「我認為歷史不如英語有趣」。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.(改為同義句)
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析:讀題後可知:上句含義是「戴帽子的那個婦女旭我的媽媽」,對應下句,可知空格處應填「戴」,故正確答案是in。
選擇填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike.
A.which B.what C.who D./
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.
A.which B.what C./ D.who
3. I』m one of the students _______well in English in my class.
A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that B.where C.which D.the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us.
A.what B.which C.why D.that
Unit7
表達意願的幾個基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案:a. I hope to b. I』d like to c. I』d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. (對劃線部分提問)
答案:Where would she like to go?
注意:where在本句中為副詞,go後面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which為代詞。
九年級英語復習---語法講解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種:
1.動詞+副詞 如:give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞,如果其賓語是代詞,就必須放在動詞和副詞之間,如果是名詞,則既可插在動詞和副詞之間,也可放 在短語動詞後。
2. 動詞+介詞 如:listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞,後面跟賓語。
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如:take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時,謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
Ⅶ 初三英語知識
一、enough可以作名詞、代詞,意思是「足夠;充分」。作代詞可以代替可數名詞或不可數名詞,在句中作主語或賓語。如:
1. Enough has been said on this subject. 關於這一問題說得已經足夠多的了。
2. No, thanks. I』ve had enough. 不,謝謝。我已吃飽了。(enough=
enough food)
【注意】當enough後的名詞前有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞或其本身就是代詞時,要用介詞of。如:
We』ve had enough of your coldness. 我們已經受夠了你的冷漠。
二、enough作形容詞,意思是「足夠的;充分的」,常與for或不定式連用,可以作定語或表語。作定語置於被修飾的名詞前後均可,前置時強調enough,後置時強調被修飾詞。如:
1. (NMET95第22題題干) I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ______.
2. Five men will be quite enough. 五個人就足夠了。
三、enough作副詞的意思是 「十分地;充分地;足夠地;充足地」,置於被修飾的形容詞或副詞之後,常與不定式或介詞for連用 ,在句子中作狀語,表示程度。如:
1. (NMET93) —Mum, I think I』m ________ to get back to school.
—Not really, my dear. You』d better stay at home for another day or two. (Key:C)
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
2. (NMET98)If I had ________, I』d visit Europe stopping at all the small interesting places. (Key:A)
A. a long enough holiday
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
3. When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped. 當他們靠近烈火熊熊的大樓時,他們發現梯子不夠長,夠不著那些被火圍困的人。
4. (NMET95第26題題干) —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret ________ that.
四、enough作感嘆詞時意思是「夠了;停止;住手;不要再繼續了」,用以表達不耐煩或惱怒。如:
You』ve been practising the violin all afternoon. Enough! 你整個下午都在練小提琴。夠了!
五、用在「主語+cannot...+enough」句型中該句型形式上是否定句型,實際上表達的是肯定意義,意思是「再……也不過分;越……越……」。如:
I cannot thank you enough. 我對你感激不盡。(我怎麼感謝你都不算過分。)
六、enough還可以用於以下的短語中
1. sure enough 果真;確實。如:
He said he would come, and sure enough he came. 他說要來,果然來了。
2. well enough 還不錯; 還可以; 相當; 很; 極。如:
You know well enough. (口)你明明知道。(你心裡明白。)
3. be good / kind enough to do sth. 勞駕; 務請做某事。如:
Be good / kind enough to reply early. 請早日賜復。
1)enough用作副同,充當形容詞或副詞修飾語,但必須後置。又如:
①He walks slowly enough. 他走得夠慢的了。
②This article is difficult enough to write.
這篇文章夠難寫得了。
2)enough用作代詞,既可代表可數名詞,也可代表不可數名詞。如:
①----Do you need more chairs?
你們還要椅子嗎?
----No. I think there are enough to go round.
不要了,我想夠用了。
②At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian. 六個月底,他已經學得足以用俄語讀文章和報告了。
3)enough用作形容詞作定語時,可修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞,可放在被修飾的名詞前或後。如:
①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.
有足夠的座位讓他們都坐下。
②I have enough time(time enough)to finish the work.
我有足夠的時間來完成這項工作。
一、enough可以作名詞、代詞,意思是"足夠;充分"。作代詞可以代替可數名詞或不可數名詞,在句中作主語或賓語。如:
1. Enough has been said on this subject. 關於這一問題說得已經足夠多的了。
2. No, thanks. I've had enough. 不,謝謝。我已吃飽了。(enough=enough food)
【注意】當enough後的名詞前有冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞或其本身就是代詞時,要用介詞of。如:
We've had enough of your coldness. 我們已經受夠了你的冷漠。
二、enough作形容詞,意思是"足夠的;充分的",常與for或不定式連用,可以作定語或表語。作定語置於被修飾的名詞前後均可,前置時強調enough,後置時強調被修飾詞。如:
1. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ______.
2. Five men will be quite enough. 五個人就足夠了。
三、enough作副詞的意思是 "十分地;充分地;足夠地;充足地",置於被修飾的形容詞或副詞之後,常與不定式或介詞for連用 ,在句子中作狀語,表示程度。如:
1.-Mum, I think I'm ________ to get back to school.
-Not really, my dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two. (Key:C)
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
2. If I had ________, I'd visit Europe stopping at all the small interesting places. (Key:A)
A. a long enough holiday
B. an enough long holiday
C. a holiday enough long
D. a long holiday enough
3. When they reached the burning building they found that their ladders were not long enough to reach the people who were trapped. 當他們靠近烈火熊熊的大樓時,他們發現梯子不夠長,夠不著那些被火圍困的人。
4. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
-Well, now I regret ________ that.
四、enough作感嘆詞時意思是"夠了;停止;住手;不要再繼續了",用以表達不耐煩或惱怒。如:
You've been practising the violin all afternoon. Enough! 你整個下午都在練小提琴。夠了!
五、用在"主語+cannot...+enough"句型中該句型形式上是否定句型,實際上表達的是肯定意義,意思是"再……也不過分;越……越……"。如:
I cannot thank you enough. 我對你感激不盡。(我怎麼感謝你都不算過分。)
六、enough還可以用於以下的短語中
1. sure enough 果真;確實。如:
He said he would come, and sure enough he came. 他說要來,果然來了。
2. well enough 還不錯; 還可以; 相當; 很; 極。如:
You know well enough. (口)你明明知道。(你心裡明白。)
3. be good / kind enough to do sth. 勞駕; 務請做某事。如:
Be good / kind enough to reply early. 請早日賜復。