⑴ 求歸納總結初中英語過去進行時方面的知識點。
一. 定義
過去進行時,是表示過去某個時刻或時間段正在進行的事情或動作。
二. 結構
was/were +doing (現在分詞)
三. 用法
1. 過去進行時表示過去某段時間內持續進行的動作或者事情。
常用的時間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七點到九點的時候我們在看電視。
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什麼?
My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle.
我哥哥騎自行車的時候從車上摔下來,受傷了。
It was raining when they left the station.
他們離開車站的時候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
當我到達山頂的時候,陽光燦爛。
2. 過去進行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發生的事情。
時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。例如:
What was she doing at nine o『clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九點她在做什麼? (介詞短語表示時間點)
She was doing her homework then.
那個時候她正在寫作業。(副詞表示時間點)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
當我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時間點)
3.在復合句中,如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續的或同時發生的,那麼主從句的動詞都可用過去進行時。
例如:
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他邊等車邊看報。 (兩個動作都是延續的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進行)
【典型例題】
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made
B. is making
C. was making
D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,「瑪麗在做衣服時」提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為「當……之時」。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 「在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。」句中的 fell (fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
四. 過去進行時和一般過去時的區別
1. 一般過去時敘述舊事,過去進行時描述背景。
2. 一般過去時表示行為的「整體」和存在的狀態,過去進行時表某一行為的「片斷」。
I read the book yesterday. (已讀完,表整個「讀」)
I was reading the book at that time. (未讀完,「讀」的片段)
3. 過去的一段持續時間狀語多與過去進行時連用
It was raining all night.(優先用was raining ,rained 為持續動詞,故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暫動詞與持續時間連用,表反復,連續發生,不可用一般過去時)
五. 英語中有四類動詞一般不用進行時(不用現在進行時和過去進行時)
1. 表心理狀態、情感的動詞
如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。更多知識點也可關注下北京新東方的初中英語課程~
⑵ 求 英語 時間和地點 相關知識點的整理
時間:when what time 地點:where 等等整理很費時間,找個適當的時間整理後再作答
⑶ 初中英語語法知識點總結歸納是什麼
一、形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法
(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級。基本句型是:主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容詞/副詞原級 +….
A、表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型:主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物 +….
B、表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型:主語(第一個人物)+謂語動詞(否定式)+ as/so + 形容詞/副詞原級+as+ 第二個人物+….
(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級。基本句型:主語(『A』)+謂語動詞+(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞/副詞比較級+than+第二個人物(『B』)+….
講述兩者有差異,第一個人物不及第二個人物時,用比較級。句型是:主語(『A』)+ 謂語動詞+ less+(多音節形/副)比較級 + than + 第二個人物(『B』) +….
(3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。句型是:主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 +(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級 +in / of ….
二、介詞的主要用法
介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立使用。介詞之後一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當於名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個以上的詞構成的短語介詞,如:out of(從…中出來),because of(因為),away from(距離…),on top of(在…頂上), ever since(自從…),next to(在…隔壁),according to(根據…),in front of(在…前方)等。
三、某些介詞的用法辨析
(1) 時間或地點介詞in、on、at的用法區別:表示時間時,in表示在一段時間里(在將來時句子中則表示在一段時間之後),on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間; 表示地點時,in表示在某個范圍之內,on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸,at則表示在某個具體的場所或地點。
(2)after與in表示時間的用法區別:「after+(具體時刻/從句)」表示「在…時刻之後」常用於一般時態;「in+(一段時間)」表示「在(多久)之後」,常用於將來時態。
(3)since與for表示時間的用法區別:「since+(具體時刻/that-從句)」表示「自從…起一直到現在」,「for+(一段斶間)」表示「總共有…之久」,都常用於完成時態;
(4)by、in與with表示方式的用法區別:都可以表示「工具、手段」,但是by主要表示「乘坐」某個交通工具或「以……方式」,在被動句中可以表示動作的執行者;in表示「使用」某種語言/文字,with表示「使用」某個具體的工具、手段。
(5)about與on的用法區別:都可以表示「有關…」,但是about的意義比較廣,而on主要表示「有關…(專題/課程)」。
(6)through與across、over的用法區別:through指「穿過…(門洞/人群/樹林)」;across和over可以指「跨越…(街道/河流)」,可互換,但是表示「翻過…」時只能用over.
四、句子成分
英語句子成分分七種:主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。
1、主語:句子的主體,全句述說的對象。回答是「誰」或者「什麼」。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔當,位於句首。
2、謂語:說明主語的動作或狀態。回答「做(什麼)」。由動詞或系動詞加表語擔任,常置於主語後。
3、賓語:表示動作的對象。回答做的是「什麼」。一般由名詞或代詞擔當,常置於謂語後。
4、表語:用以表述主語的特徵、狀態、身份等。回答是「什麼」或者「怎麼樣」。一般由名詞或形容詞擔任,置於系動詞或be動詞之後。
5、定語:對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。
6、狀語:用以修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞及全句,通常由形容詞、代詞、數詞等擔任位置靈活。
7、補語:補充說明賓語怎麼樣或干什麼,由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔任。常位於賓語後。
8、同位語:通常緊跟在名詞、代詞後面,進一步說明它的情況,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當。
五、構詞法
英語構詞法主要有:合成法、派生法和轉換法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名詞:
①動詞+er/or
②動詞+ing
③動詞+(t)ion
④形容詞+ness
⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容詞:
①名詞+y
②名詞+ful
③動詞+ing/ed ④friendly
⑤dangerous
⑥Chinese; Japanese
⑦English
⑧French
⑨German
⑩國名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副詞
①形容詞+ly
②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、轉換法:
(1)形容詞→動詞,如:dry(乾燥的)→dry(弄乾), clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄乾凈),等等。
(2)動詞→名詞,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名詞→動詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等等。
(4)形容詞→副詞,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副詞→連詞,如:when(什麼時候)→(當……時候),等等。
(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……里)→(在裡面;在家),on(在…上)→(進行,繼續)。
⑷ 初中英語一般過去時的知識點歸納
般過去時
一般過去時(simple past tense)表示過去某個時間里發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday,last night,in 1990,two days ago等。
一般過去時也表示過去經常或反復發生的動作,常和often,always等表式頻率的時間狀語連用。過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為;過去主語所具備的能力和性格。
Ago(two hours ago(一段時間+ago),yesterday(句子開頭或結尾),the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…),具體時間(如Jan.fourth),just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time,and so on,this morning.long long ago(很久以前)。
1.直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked play——played,
2.以不發音e結尾的單詞,直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,
3 以輔音字母+y結尾的,變y為i加ed:study—studied carry—carried worry—worried,
4以母音字母+y結尾的,直接加ed:enjoy ——enjoyed play——played
5 以重讀閉音節結尾的,雙寫最後的輔音字母+ed:stop—— stopped plan——planned 不規則變化的動詞過去式:
have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt
do/does---did is---was go—went come---came
⑸ 干貨分享:英語四級重要知識點匯總
語法類重要知識點
1、虛擬語氣的:
would rather+that從句+一般過去時
It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)動詞原形
proposal/suggestion+that+動詞原形
It is time/about time/high time+that+一般過去時
lest+that+should+動詞原形
if only+that+would+動詞原形
2、狀語從句的:
非if引導的條件狀語從句,此類句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等來替代if;
由even if/so,now that,for all等引導的讓步狀語從句;
just/hardly...when引導的時間狀語從句;
more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引導的比較狀語從句。
3、獨立主格結構多以邏輯主語+分詞的形式出現。
4、情態動詞多與完成時形式連用。
5、定語從句重點考查介詞+關系代詞(which)和as作為關系代詞。
詞彙類重要知識點
1、動詞、名詞與介詞的搭配:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion
2、習慣用法:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。
3、由同一動詞構成的短語:come,go,set,break等構成的短語。
4、單個的動詞,抽象名詞,形容詞和副詞多以近義詞、同義詞的形式出現。?
5、介詞短語在句中作狀語如:in terms of;with the exception of;in vain; rather than,other than,such as,none/nothing+but
6、部分過去式和過去分詞不規則變化的動詞:
broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 廣播
flee (fled, fled) 逃跑
forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止
forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原諒
freeze (froze, frozen) 結冰
hang (作―絞死‖講,是規則的;作―懸掛‖講,其過去式過去分詞都是hung)
lie –lied –lied 說謊;lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置
seek (sought, sought) 尋求
shake (shook, shaken) 發抖
tear (tore, torn) 撕碎
以上就是關於英語四級重要知識點的相關分享,希望對正在備考英語四級的小夥伴們有所幫助,小編在這里祝願大家都能取得優異成績!
⑹ 初中英語語法、時態、詞彙、知識點和中考考點歸納
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。
真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設或實際可能性不大的情況,故採用虛擬語氣。 eg: If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點,他將錯過巴士。( 真實) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的,他會要求我講故事。(真實) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我馬上就會去。 (非真實,虛擬語氣) If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣,人就會死亡。(非真實,虛擬語氣)
用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況: 從句:主語+過去時 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼,我就會告訴你。(事實:不知道) 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會有生物。(事實:地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了,我就會借給你些。(事實:沒帶錢) 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些,就能通過考試了。(事實:沒有努力) 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 從句:主語+had done 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+have done 例: 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。 (事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。 (事實:沒有聽我的話) 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 從句:①if+主語+were to do 主句:①主語+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主語+did/were ②主語+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主語+should+do ③主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。 (事實:來的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話,我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 4、 有時,虛擬條件句中,結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時,虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反,而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。 如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話,我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話,我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反,而主句的動作與過去事實不符。 如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話,我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話,他肯定會去問候她了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時,if可以省略,這時條件從句要用倒裝語序,即將were, should, had等詞置於句首,這種多用於書面語。 如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話,我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話,她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些電腦知識的話,我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來,只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數情況下,條件會暗含在短語中,如without…., but for….等 如: But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助,我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導,我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時,虛擬條件句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個,來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該能通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、
編輯本段虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望,謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你) b、表示與過去事實相反的願望,謂語動詞:had+done eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。(事實:原來不知道) c、表示將來難以實現的願望 謂語動詞:should/would + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。(事實:很難再有這樣的機會了) (註:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
用在目的狀語從句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引導的從句中,若用虛擬語氣時,從句謂語為:should + 動詞原形。並且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍,以防盜賊的進入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發了以防遲到。 2、在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中,從句中的謂語為:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二寧願(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態,從句的謂語動詞都用:「should + 動詞原形」或只用「動詞原形」。 如: He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He demand that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣;翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。 如:He insists he is a student. 他堅持說他是個學生。 這個語句表示的是事實,因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。 suggest意為「建議」才用虛擬語氣,意為「暗示」則不用虛擬語氣。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含著他很擔心。 這個句子本身是事實,因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。 2、表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。 句型:It is.......that +主語從句,從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型。 3、 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中,可用虛擬語氣,主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎麼辦。(事實:他沒來) Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。(事實:華佗不在世) 4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引導的讓步狀語從句中,從句虛擬語氣結構為: 指現在或將來: may +動詞原形。 如: We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管發生什麼事,我們都要按時完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 無論他在哪裡,我們都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多麼晚,我都會等他。 指過去: may +完成式 。 如: You mustn』t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多麼大的進步,你也不能驕傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什麼錯誤,我們必須尊敬他。 5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之後的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種願望,故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:
過去 had + 過去分詞 現在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) 如: I』d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 I』d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現在在這兒。 We』d rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒 6、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中,表示:「早該做某事了」時,定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語氣的結構為:It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形,即從句用虛擬過去式。 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 7、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣 (1) 說話時,為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為:would / could / might / should + 動詞原形。 如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關起來你介意嗎? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓牢記於心。 I should agree with you. 我應該同意你的觀點。 (2) 表示「祝願」時,常用may + 主語+ 動詞原形。 如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。 (3)表示強烈的「願望」、「祝願」時,常用動詞原形。 如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 (4) 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。 ① 提出請求或邀請。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎? ② 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 ③提出勸告或建議。如: You』d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應該先全面調查一番。 ④ 提出問題。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎? ⑤ 表示對過去情況的責備時,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞。 如: You should have got here earlier. 你應該早就到這里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應該把它還給他了。 8、虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應用。詳見網路之方式狀語從句詞條。
編輯本段四、省略的虛擬條件句型
省略連詞if
有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略,但此時應用倒裝句型,即將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首: Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆,我會拒絕。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我會去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞,我們就准時到達了。 【注】 ① 若條件從句為否定句,否定詞not應置於主語之後,而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren』t, Shouldn』t, Hadn』t而置於句首。 ② 有時省略if後提前的had不是助動詞: Had I time, I would come. 假若我有時間,我會來的。(=If I had time…)
省略條件句的主語和其後的動詞be
若主從句主語一致,且謂語部分包含有動詞be,通常可將主語和動詞be省略: If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早點兒修一下,拖拉機就不會拋錨了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
省略「it+be」
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的話我會派更多的民工去幫你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)
省略整個條件從句
這樣的省略通常需要藉助一定的上下文,即省略條件從句後,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的: I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以親自去看她,這樣好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)
編輯本段在含蓄條件句中的用法
(1) 條件暗含在短語中。如: We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。(暗含條件是otherwise) Without your help, we wouldn』t have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助,我們不可能取得這么大的成績。 (暗含條件是介詞短語without your help) But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助,我的實驗就不會成功。(暗含條件是but for your help) It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障。 (暗含條件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately) (2) 條件暗含在上下文中。如: I would not have done it that way. 我是不會那麼做的。(可能暗含if I were you) I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。否則我會來幫你的。(可能暗含if I hadn』t been so busy.) You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以參加我們的討論。(可能暗含if you wanted to) I would have bought the DVD player. 我是會買下那台影碟機的。(可能暗含if I had the money) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨,我們還會早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。
⑺ 我要關於英語的知識點:介詞(on,at,in……)和日期,時間之間的搭配要全面的
in 的用法如下:
1.後面跟月份。
2.上午和下午。
at的用法如下:
1.後面跟點的時刻。
2.中午
on+具體時間
⑻ 求英語八種時態的時間狀語,要初中的知識點
時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容,廣大初中學生在實際運用時,往往對時態總是倍感棘手,下面我們就歸納復習一下這幾種時態。
一、一般現在時:
概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
時間狀語:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式:①am/is/are+ not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①把be動詞放於句首;②用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。
二、一般過去時:
概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結構:①be動詞;②行為動詞
否定形式:①was/were +not;②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。
三、現在進行時:
概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
時間狀語:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本結構:am/is/are+ doing
否定形式:am/is/are+ not +doing.
一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
四、過去進行時:
概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結構:was/were +doing
否定形式:was/ were + not + doing.
一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。
五、現在完成時:
概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。
時間狀語:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結構:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑問句:have或has。
六、過去完成時:
概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。
時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結構:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑問句:had放於句首。
七、一般將來時:
概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結構:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句:①be放於句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、過去將來時:
概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結構:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do; ②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句:①was或were放於句首;②would/should 提到句首。
⑼ 八年級英語總復習(知識點匯總)
八年級英語總復習(知識點)
上冊
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
1. how often 每多久一次(針對頻率提問)
how long 多久+段時間
how far 多遠 +距離
how old 多大+歲數
how many+復名 多少+數目
how much+不可數名詞 多少+數目
2. once a month 一月一次
twice a week 一周兩次
three times a day 一天三次
3. on weekends = at weekends 在周末
4. go to the movies = see the movies 去看電影
watch TV 看電視
5. surf the Internet 上網沖浪
6. be good for 對……有好處
be good at 在。。。很擅長= do well in
7. look after = take care of 照看
8. stay / keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
9. make a big difference 有很大不同、對…很重要
be different from 。。。和。。。不同
Unit 2 What』s the matter
1.What』s the matter with you ? 你怎麼啦?
=What』s wrong with you ?
=What』s the trouble ?
2.have a stomachache 胃疼
=have a sore stomach
have a cold 感冒
have a fever 發燒
have a headache =have a sore head頭痛
3.be sorry for sth 因某事抱歉
be sorry to do sth 做某事感到抱歉
4.lie down and rest 躺下休息
5.listen to music 聽音樂
6.drink some hot tea with hone喝點熱蜂蜜茶
drink lots of water多喝水
7.see a dentist = go to the dentist看牙醫
8. It』s important to eat a balanced diet.
平衡飲食很重要。
It』s +adj +(for sb) to do sth (強調做某事怎樣)
It』s + adj + of sb + to do sth (強調某人怎樣)
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
1.babysit = look after =take care of照顧
2.relax at home在家休息
relaxing 放鬆的(形容事物)
relaxed放鬆的(形容人)
4.decide to do sth決定做某事= make a dicision to do sth= make up one』s mind to do sth
decide on sth 選定某物
decide on doing sth 選定做某事
5. for vacation = on vacation = take / spend / have a vacation度假
6. plan to do sth計劃做某事
make a plan 制定計劃
7.can』t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事
8.spend on sth = spend in doing sth
花費時間/金錢做某事
9.sleep a lot睡足 sleep late 睡懶覺
10.ask sb about sth 尋問某人某事
ask sb(not) to do sth=tell sb (not) to do sth
叫某人(別)做某事
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
1. get to school = arrive at school = reach school
到達學校
2.take a taxi 乘出租汽車
ride a bike 騎自行車
by bike = on the bike 騎自行車
by car = in a car 乘小汽車
by bus = on the bus 乘公共汽車
by boat = in a boat 乘船
on foot 步行
3.leave for +某地 前往+某地
leave +某地 離開某地
4.have a quick breakfast 匆忙地吃早飯
5.depend on 依靠 決定於
6.around the world全世界=all over the world
7.not all students = some students 並非所有的學生
8.have to do sth = must do sth 不得不做某事
9.a number of = a lot of 許多(作主語,謂語用復數)
10.the number of....的總量 (作主語,謂語用單數)
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
1. come to 來到
2. have /take a piano lesson 上一節鋼琴課
3. would love / like to…願意…
4. too much + 不可數名詞 太多的。。。
5. study for a test 准備考試
6. have to不得不;必須(強調客觀)= must(強調主觀)
7. the day after tomorrow 後天
8. invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某
invite sb to + 某地 邀請某人到某地
9.practice the piano 練鋼琴
practice doing sth 練習做某事
Unit 6 I』m more outgoing than my sister.
1.in common 共同點
2.in some ways 從某些方面
In different ways 用不同的方式,在不同的方面
in the same way 用同樣的方式
3.in the future 在將來
4.in my opinion 依我之見
5.both ....and 兩者都
both of us 我們兩個都
6.look different 看起來不同
look the same 看起來一樣
7.not as /so ……as 不如
8.a little taller 稍稍高一點
9.much bigger 大得多
much more outgoing 外向得多
10.begin with = start with 從...開始
11.make them laugh 使他們笑
make sb do sth = let sb do sth
12.tell jokes 講笑話
13.between...and... 在...和...之間
14.more than=over 超出,超過
Unit 7 How do you make a banana mile shake?
1.pour…in/into 把…倒進…里
2.put…into/on 把…放進…里或放在…上
3.cut up 切碎
5.cut prices 削價
6.mix sth up 混合...
7.add…to 把…加在…里
8.turn on/off 打開/ 關上(電源)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
1. go to the aquarium去水族館
2. take / have photos = take / have pictures照相
3. hang out with one』s friends與朋友閑逛
4.what else…別的什麼。。。
else 「別的,其他的」,位於疑問代詞或不定代詞後
5. at the end of…在。。。末尾(可用於時間,也可用於地方)
6. go for a drive開車兜風
7. win a /(the first )prize贏得獎品(第一名)
8. day off 休息日
9. sound like聽起來象
look like 看起來象
feel like 摸起來象
10. school trip學校組織的旅行
Unit 9 When was he born?
1. be born in 出生於……(只用於過去時)
2. too…to… 太……而不能……= so… that not
3. free time業余時間;空餘時間
free 空閑的,免費的 a free ticket 一張免費的票
4. at the age of four 在四歲的時候(可以和when引導的時間狀語從句轉換)
5. take part in參加
6. the 70-year history七十年的歷史
7. because of 因為(後接n 或動名詞)
8. major in sth.主修某科目
Unit 10 I』m going to be a basketball player.
1. be going to +動詞原形 「計劃,打算做某事」
2. grow up成長
3. somewhere interesting有趣的地方
4. a fashion show一次時裝展示會
5. a part-time job一份零工一份業余工作
A full-time job 一份全職工作
6. save some money省錢,攢錢
make money掙錢,賺錢
7. at the same time同時
8. travel all over the world= travel around the world
環游全世界
9. send…to…送……到……
10. get good grades取得好分數
get lots of exercise 多鍛煉
11. communicate with sb.與……交際;與……交流
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
1. take out拿出來
2. make the bed整理床鋪
3. sweep the floor掃地,清潔地面
4. fold your clothes疊衣服
5. clean the living room清理起居室(打掃)
6. invite…to…邀請……到……
7. take care of / look after照顧
8. forget to do sth.忘記要去干…… (事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事 (事已做)
9. work on從事
Unit 12 Want』s te best radio station?
1. close to home靠近家的= near home
2. comfortable seats舒適的座位
uncomfortable 不舒服的
3. do a survey of… 做一個。。。的調查
4. play a piano piece彈一支鋼琴曲
5. the price of……的價格
6. talent show才能展示
a boring TV show乏味的電視節目
7.a 1ot許多(位於句末,修飾動詞)
八年級下學期期末總復習(知識點)
下冊
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
1. 一般將來時:
be going to 和will / shall
2. be free 有空的,免費的
free time 空閑時間
in one』s free time 在某人的空閑時間
3. live to be +年齡 活到。。。歲
4. in +時間 表示將來時間 「在。。。(時間)後」針對此時間狀語用how soon 提問。
5. few, little, much, many以及它們的比較級和最高級。
6. hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of以及有具體數字時它們的用法。
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. 提建議的說法:
should / could + 動詞原形
You / We』d better + 動詞原形
Shall we + 動詞原形。。。?
Why not / Why don』t you +動詞原形。。。?
Let』s +動詞原形
What / How about +v.ing。。。?
2. write sb a letter= write (a letter) to sb.
3. call sb up= call sb= ring sb= ring sb up=give a call to sb= phone sb=talk with sb on the phone 給某人打電話
4. a ticket to a ball game 一張球賽的票
the key to the door 門的鑰匙
the answer to the question 問題的答案
the solution to the problem 問題的解決方法
5. spend, pay, cost, take 表示「花費」的用法
Sb spends money / time on sth.
某人在某物方面花費錢/ 時間
Sb. pays (money) for sth 某人為某物支付(錢)
Sth costs sb some money 某物花某人多少錢
It takes sb time/ money to do sth 做某事花某人時間/ 錢
6. borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物
lend sth to sb=lend sb sth 把某物借給某人
7. buy sth for sb= buy sb sth 買某物給某人
8. everyone else 別的每個人
What else…? 。。。別的什麼嗎?
9. except= but 除。。。以外(除去後面提到的事物)
besides 除。。。以外(包含後面所提事物)
10. I don』t know what to do. =
I don』t know what I can / should do.
11. fail one』s test / exam 考試不及格
pass the test / exam 通過考試
12. get on / along well with sb.和某人相處很好
13. 主+ find / think +it + adj + to do sth.
=主+find / think + it + be +adj + to do sth
某人覺得/ 認為做某事是怎樣的
14. on the one hand, on the other hand
在一方面,在另一方面
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
1. 過去進行時:was / were + ving
2. when 和while
3. take off 起飛 --- land 降落
take off脫衣--- put on 穿上
4. How strange it was! = What a strange thing it was!
Isn』t that amazing! = How amazing it is!= What an amazing thing it is!
5. at nine o』clock last Sunday morning
at that time
on April 4, 1968
on this day
6. one of +名詞復數 。。。之一
7. take place= happen 發生
What happened to sb? 某人發生什麼事了?
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
1. hard-working 和work hard
2. 間接引語(屬於賓語從句)
直接引語變為間接引語時的幾個變化:
人稱;時態;部分詞彙和時間狀語
3. not…anymore = no more 不再
not…any longer = no longer 不再
4. first of all = at first 首先
5. be good at = do well in 擅長於
6. How is it going? = How are you?
7. be in good health = be healthy 健康的
8. have a hard time with sth.
have a hard time doing sth. 做某事很吃力
9. send one』s love / regards / wishes to sb = give one』s love / regards / wishes to sb. 將愛/ 問候/ 祝福帶給某人
10. get over 忘掉(不愉快的事),克服
11. sound like 聽起來象 look like 看起來象 smell like 聞起來象 taste like 嘗起來象 feel like 摸起來象 seem like 似乎象是
後面都接名詞
12. above sea level 海平面以上
13. work as 做什麼工作
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you』ll have a great time!
1. if引導的條件狀語從句:主將從現,主情從現
2. let sb in 讓某人進入
3. take away sth 或take away sth把某物拿走
take it / them away 把它/ 它們拿走
4. to the party 參加聚會at the party在聚會上
5. travel around the world 環游世界
All over the world = in the world = around the world 全世界
6. get an ecation 受教育
7. make a living (by) doing sth = do sth for a living
做某事以謀生
8. charity --- charities 慈善事業,慈善機構
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1. 現在完成進行時:have / has been doing
2. for +時間段,since +時間點,since +從句 都表示時間段,針對它們提問都用how long
3. a pair of skates 一雙溜冰鞋
two pairs of skates
4. several = a few, some 幾個,一些
5. three and a half years = three years and a half 三年半
6. run out of = use up 用完
7. on my seventh birthday 在我七歲生日那天
8. globes with animals 有動物的球
coffee with milk 加牛奶的咖啡
9. fly kites 放飛風箏
10. learn a lot about… 關於。。。學到很多
11. in fact 事實上,實際上
12. the more+ 句子,the more +句子 越。。。,就越。。。
13. I』m certain…= I』m sure… 我相信。。。,我肯定。。。
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
1. mind dong sth 介意做某事
mind not doing sth 介意不做某事
mind one』s doing sth 介意某人的某事
2. 表示「請求」的句子:
Would you mind (not) doing sth? =
Could / Would you please (not) do sth?
3. turn down (音量)調小 turn up (音量)調大
turn on 打開(電器)turn off 關掉(電器)
4. right away = at once = in a minute 立即,馬上
5. make dinner = cook dinner 做晚餐
6. wait in line 排隊等候
wait for sb / sth 等候某人/ 謀物
wait a minute / moment 等一會兒
7. get mad = get annoyed = get angry 變得生氣
8. all the time = always 總是
9. a bit late = a little late = a little bit late 有點晚
10. follow sb around 跟著某人到處走
follow me. 跟我學/ 走/ 說/ 做
following 如下的,接著的
11. order the food 點菜
in right order 以正確的順序
order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
12. in public places = in public 在公眾場合
13. give sb suggestions = give sb advice 給某人提建議
14. pick up sth = pick up sth 撿起某物
pick apples 摘蘋果
pick out = choose 挑選
Unit 8 Why don』t you get her a scarf?
1. Why don』t you = Why not
2. special enough 足夠特別地
creative enough 足夠有創意地
3. What a lucky guy! = How lucky the guy is!
多麼幸運的傢伙呀!
4. easy to take care of 容易照顧
easy to get along with 容易相處
5. a 6-year-old child 一個六歲的孩子
6. not …at all 一點也不
not at all 一點也不,沒關系
7. fall asleep = go to sleep = be asleep 入睡
8. rather than = instead of 而不是
9. too many gifts 太多的禮物
too much money 太多的錢
much too hot 太熱
10. in different ways 用不同的方式
In the same way 用相同的方式
In this way 用這種方法
on the way to spl 在去某地的途中
by the way 順便說一下
11. hear of = hear about 聽說。。。
12. take an interest in = have an interest in = show an interest in = be interested in 對。。。感興趣
13. make friends with sb 和某人交朋友
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
1. 現在完成時:have / has + p.p.
2. have / has gone to, have / has been to和have / has been in
3. Me neither. 「我也沒有」 可以和一個neither帶出的倒裝句互換。
4. an English-speaking country 一個說英語的國家
5. The best way to do sth is …..做某事最好的方法是。。。
6. It』s because (that)….. 那時因為。。。
7. in Southeast Asia = in the southeast of Asia 在亞洲的東南部
8. take a holiday = have a holiday = go on a holiday = spend a holiday 渡假 holiday = vacation
9. three quarters = three fourths 3 / 4
a half = one second 1 / 2
a quarter = one fourth 1 / 4
10. something to eat 吃的東西
something important 重要的東西
11. Whether… or…不管。。。還是。。。
12. ring the daytime = in the daytime 在白天
at night 在夜裡
13. all year round 整年
14. whenever = no matter when 無論何時
wherever = no matter where 無論何地
whoever = no matter who無論是誰
however = no matter how 無論怎樣
15. spring 春 summer 夏
autumn = fall 秋 winter 冬
Unit10 It』s a nice day, isn』t it?
1. 反意疑問句:前肯後否;前否後肯
2. play sports = do sports 做運動
3. What do you think of …?= How do you like…?
你認為什麼怎麼樣?
4. have a wonderful time = have a good / great / nice time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得開心
5.be careful to do sth = take care to do sth小心做某事
6. cross the street = go / walk the street 過街
⑽ 誰可以幫我總結初中階段英語的知識點(短語,語法)
1. 人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they
賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數詞的復數形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數名詞(單復數形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I』m = I am you』re = you are she』s = she is he』s = he is
it』s = it is who』s =who is can』t =can not isn』t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間: at six o』clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數詞和序數詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
11. there be 結構
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
13. 現在進行時.通常用「now」.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現在時。通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day
一、一般現在時
★ 一般現在時指經常性或習慣性的動作或狀態,常和often, usually, always, sometimes, every…等時間狀語連用。肯定句謂語動詞用動詞原形(單三+s), 否定句用don』t /doesn』t +動詞原形,疑問句用Do/Does…+動詞原形?
e.g. Tom does his homework every day. 湯姆每天都做家庭作業。
否定句:Tom doesn』t do his homework everyday. 湯姆每天都不做家庭作業。
疑問句:Does Tom do his homework everyday 湯姆每天都做家庭作業嗎?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn』t. 是的。(不,不做。)
二、現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法
1.表示說話時正在進行的動作
常和now 連用,有時用一個look、listen ,來表now 這一時間概念。
*Look! A train is coming .看,火車來了。
*Listen! He is playing the piano.聽,他在彈琴。
2.表示現階段正在進行的動作
但不一定是說話時正在進行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等時間狀語連用。
*What lesson are you studying this week?你們本周學哪一課了?(說話時並不在學)
3.現在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作
即是說可以用來代替將來時,但此時,一般要與表示將來時的時間狀語連用,而且僅限於少量動詞。如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep
*Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津嗎?
*How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你們有多少人下周要來參加晚會