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兒童術後吃什麼排便 2024-11-05 20:58:37

廣州初中英語重點語法和知識點

發布時間: 2022-08-18 10:13:41

㈠ 初中英語語法的重點有哪些

中考語法范圍
語 法 項 目 表
( 加「*」號的項目只要求理解)
1. 詞類:1)名詞 2)形容詞 3)副詞 4)動詞 5)代詞 6)冠詞 7)數詞 8)介詞 9)連詞 10)感嘆詞
*2. 構詞法:
1)合成法 classroom, something, reading-room
2)派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness,
cloudy, unhappy
3)轉化法 hand (n. )—hand (v. )
dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
3. 名詞
1)可數名詞和不可數名詞
2)名詞的復數
3)專有名詞
4)所有格
4. 代詞
1)人稱代詞的主格和賓格形式
2)物主代詞的形容詞與名詞性形式
3)反身代詞 myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
4)指示代詞 this, that, these, those
5)不定代詞 some, any, no, etc.
6)疑問代詞 what, who, whose, which, etc.
5. 數詞 基數詞和序數詞
6. 介詞 詞彙表中所列介詞的基本用法
7. 連詞 詞彙表中所列連詞的基本用法
8. 形容詞
1)作定語、表語、賓語補足語的基本用法
2)比較等級 ( 原級、比較級、最高級)的基本用法
( 1)構成 -er, -est; more, the most
( 2)基本句型
as+原級形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級形式+as. . .
比較級形式+than. . .
the+最高級形式+. . . in ( of). . .
9. 副詞
1)表示時間、地點、方式、程度等的基本用法
2)疑問副詞when, where, how
3)比較等級 ( 原級、比較級、最高級)
( 1)構成 -er, -est; more, the most
( 2)基本句型
as+原級形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級形式+as. . .
比較級形式+than. . .
the+最高級形式+. . . in ( of). . .
*10. 冠詞 一般用法
11. 動詞
*1)動詞種類
( 1)行為動詞或實義動詞
1及物動詞
2不及物動詞
( 2)連系動詞 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
( 3)助動詞 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
( 4)情態動詞 can, may, must, need, etc.
2)時態
( 1)一般現在時
I get up at six o』clock every morning.
He doesn』t speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I』ll go to see you tonight if I』m free.
( 2)一般過去時
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
( 3)一般將來時
1. shall ( will)+動詞原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
2. be going to+動詞原形
I』m going to help him.
( 4)現在進行時
We』re reading the text now.
They』re waiting for a bus.
( 5)現在完成時
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
* ( 6)過去進行時
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
* ( 7)過去完成時
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.
* ( 8)過去將來時
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
3)被動語態
( 1)一般現在時的被動語態
English is taught in that school.
( 2)一般過去時的被動語態
The song was written by that worker.
( 3)一般現在時帶情態動詞的被動語態
She must be sent to hospital at once.
4)動詞不定式
* ( 1)作主語
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
( 2)作賓語
They began to read.
( 3)作賓語補足語
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
* ( 4)作定語
I have an important meeting to attend.
( 5)作狀語
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之後
I don』t know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn』t know what to do next.
12. 句子種類
1)陳述句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
2)疑問句 ( 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句)
3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
*4)感嘆句
*13. 句子成份
1)主語
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2)謂語
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3)表語
Her sister is a nurse.
It』s me.
I』m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4)賓語
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5)直接賓語和間接賓語
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6)賓語補足語
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7)定語
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8)狀語
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
14. 簡單句的五種基本句型
第一種 主語+連系動詞+表語 ( S+V+P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二種 主語+不及物動詞 ( S+V)
He swims.
第三種 主語+及物動詞+賓語 ( S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
第四種 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 ( S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五種 主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 ( S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
15. 並列句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
16. 復合句
1)賓語從句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I don』t know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.
I take back what I said.
I can』t tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
2)狀語從句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I』ll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I』m free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon.
He was so tired that he couldn』t walk on.
* Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
*3)定語從句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.

㈡ 廣州版九年級下冊英語有哪些語法重點

1.不定代詞(some any,all both,either neither,no none,each every,many much,few little的區別與聯系)
A復合不定代詞12個
Bsome any的用法
2.時態
A一般現在、過去、將來時
B現在、過去完成時
C過去、現在、將來進行時
D現在完成進行時
3.賓語從句(3種)
4.定語從句(以that為主)
5.構詞法,主要詞綴(un dis bi ab inter tele re ful tion less ese y ing ed ly able al等)
6.主要縮寫
7.形容詞與副詞的比較級,最高級
A特殊變化與一般變化
B用法
8.動詞的種類
行為、情態、聯系、助動詞
9.句子的成分
主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補語
10.簡單句5大基本句型(順便掌握及物與不及物動詞的區別)
11.動詞不定式
A基本結構(to+動詞原型,否定式為not to+動詞原型)
B用法
C疑問詞+不定式
12.被動語態
A主動與被動的概念
B構成
C情態動詞被動語態
13.虛擬語氣(以「現在不可能發生」為主)
結構為If+主+V-ed,主+would do。
注意從句裡面be用were
14.雙賓語
15.情態動詞
caN could,should,would,would like,might may,have to must,need
特別注意掌握情態動詞表推測
16.直接引語,間接引語
注意指示代詞、時間與地點詞、動詞轉換的情況
注意不轉換的情況
注意主從一致
17.狀語從句(特別是IF ,WHEN和UNTIL)
注意主句一般將來時,從句用一般現在表將來。
18.名詞
A專有名詞與普通名詞
B可數與不可數
C可數名詞單數與復數
D所有格
19.代詞
A人稱代詞
B物主代詞
C指示代詞
20.數詞
A基數詞
B序數詞
21.動詞縮略形式
22.介詞
A時間介詞
B地點介詞
C其他
23.冠詞
24.分詞
A現在與過去分詞
B現在分詞做主語等
C分詞做定語
25.倒裝
A so+動詞+主語
B部分倒裝
26.特殊
A季節,星期,月份,年份讀法
B報時
C動詞+介詞,動詞+副詞的各種特殊意義
D其他(如7大洲,4大洋,撲克花色,電影.音樂的類型,國家與首都等)

㈢ 初中英語語法知識點總結有哪些

一、謂語動詞和非謂語動詞

從是否能充當句子中的謂語來看,動詞有謂語動詞和非謂語動詞兩大類。

1、謂語動詞

有人稱和數的變化。如:Heisa tractor driver.他是一個拖拉機手。

2、非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞有動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞三種,在句子里都不能單獨作謂語,沒有人稱和數的變化。如:I am pleasedto meet you.我很高興與你相識。(動詞不定式)

二、實義動詞、連系動詞、情態動詞和助動詞

從其含義來分,動詞有實義動詞(notional verb),連系動詞(link verb),情態動詞(modal verb)和助動詞(auxiliary verb)四類。

1、實義動詞

實義動詞有完全的詞義,並能獨立作謂語動詞。

如:The sunshonebrightly this morning.

今天早晨陽光燦爛。

2、連系動詞

連系動詞在句中作謂語動詞,後面跟表語。英語連系動詞有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看來),keep(保持),become(變成),get(變得),grow(變得),feel(感到),turn(變得,變成),appear(顯得),remain(仍舊是)等。

如:Itisnever too late to mend.

改過不嫌晚。

3、情態動詞

情態動詞有can (能),may (可以,也許),must(必須)等,表示能力、義務、必要、猜測等說話人的語氣或情態。情態動詞只能和主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞。

4、助動詞

助動詞有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它們只能和主要動詞一起構成各種時態、語態、語氣等動詞形式,以及否定和疑問等結構中的謂語動詞。

三、及物動詞和不及物動詞

從是否能直接跟賓語來分,實義動詞又有及物動詞和不及物動詞兩類。

1、及物動詞

後面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實義動詞,叫做及物動詞(transitive verb)。

如:Ibelievethat the committee willconsiderour suggestion.

我相信委員會將會考慮我們的建議。

2、不及物動詞

本身意義完整後面不須跟賓語的實義動詞,叫做不及物動詞(intransitive verb)。

如:Ithappenedin June 1932.

這件事發生於一九三;年六月。

3、兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞

英語里有不少實義動詞可以兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞。這樣的動詞又有兩種不同的情況:

a) 兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時,意義不變。試比較:

Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開始嗎?(begin作不及物動詞)

She began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業後當圖書館管理員。(began作及物動詞)

b) 兼作及物動詞和不及物動詞時,有時意義不盡相同。

如:Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。

四、情態動詞

在行為動詞、連系動詞以外,還有兩類動詞,其中之一就是情態動詞。從字面上看,我們就知道這是表示「感情與態度」的動詞。

比如:Icando it without much difficulty. (能夠,表示自信)

事實上,情態動詞的英文說法modal verb,還是值得推敲的。modal,來自於名詞mode,和modality(模式,方式)緊密相關,包括likelihood可能性, ability 能力, permission 許可與obligation責任這四種模式。

情態動詞自身所具備的意義一般來說也是不完整的,不過和需要涉及其他事物的及物動詞不同,情態動詞不涉及其他事物,需要的是其他動詞,即行為動詞和連系動詞,來配合使用。

一般來說情態動詞是不能用作行為動詞的,但也有例外,比如need,既可以用作情態動詞,也可以是行為動詞,看它的後面跟的是什麼。

五、助動詞

還有一類動詞,也是意義上不完整、需要配合行為動詞、連系動詞使用的,那就是助動詞。顧名思義,助動詞就是用來幫助主要動詞構成謂語的。

主要包括進行時態的be(is / am / are / was / were)、一般時態的do / does / did,將來時態的will / shall / would / should和完成時態的have / has / had。這種動詞的英文名稱叫auxiliary verb,簡寫是v. aux.。

㈣ 初中英語語法、時態、詞彙、知識點和中考考點歸納

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀願望或假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。
真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設或實際可能性不大的情況,故採用虛擬語氣。 eg: If he doesn』t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快點,他將錯過巴士。( 真實) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空閑的,他會要求我講故事。(真實) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我馬上就會去。 (非真實,虛擬語氣) If there were no air, people would die. 如果沒有空氣,人就會死亡。(非真實,虛擬語氣)
用法及動詞形式
1、表示與現在事實相反的情況: 從句:主語+過去時 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我會帶把傘。(事實:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的電話號碼,我就會告訴你。(事實:不知道) 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果沒有水和空氣,地球上就不會有生物。(事實:地球上既有空氣也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我帶錢了,我就會借給你些。(事實:沒帶錢) 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些,就能通過考試了。(事實:沒有努力) 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 從句:主語+had done 主句:主語+should/would/could/might+have done 例: 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒,我就會見到她。 (事實:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他聽我的勸告的話,就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。 (事實:沒有聽我的話) 3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 從句:①if+主語+were to do 主句:①主語+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主語+did/were ②主語+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主語+should+do ③主語+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天來這兒的話,我就跟他談談。 (事實:來的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我們就不能去滑冰了。(事實:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話,我就會告訴她這件事的始末。 4、 有時,虛擬條件句中,結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時,虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 ①從句的動作與過去事實相反,而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。 如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學校學習刻苦的話,我現在也會成為一個工程師了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話,我們現在就不會來這里了。 ②從句的動作與現在事實相反,而主句的動作與過去事實不符。 如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話,我們會已經派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認識她的話,他肯定會去問候她了。 5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時,if可以省略,這時條件從句要用倒裝語序,即將were, should, had等詞置於句首,這種多用於書面語。 如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應去的話,我們就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話,她會同意我們的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些電腦知識的話,我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。 6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來,只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來,這種句子叫做含蓄條件句,在多數情況下,條件會暗含在短語中,如without…., but for….等 如: But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的幫助,我們還會在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導,我不會取得如此大的進步。 We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。 7、 有時,虛擬條件句中,主、從句可以省略其中的一個,來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 ①省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你應該能通過這次考試了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現在在家裡該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。、
編輯本段虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 後的賓語從句
a、表示與現在事實相反的願望,謂語動詞用過去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。(事實:我根本比不上你) b、表示與過去事實相反的願望,謂語動詞:had+done eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。(事實:原來不知道) c、表示將來難以實現的願望 謂語動詞:should/would + 動詞原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。(事實:很難再有這樣的機會了) (註:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
用在目的狀語從句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引導的從句中,若用虛擬語氣時,從句謂語為:should + 動詞原形。並且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍,以防盜賊的進入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發了以防遲到。 2、在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中,從句中的謂語為:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二寧願(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建議(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態,從句的謂語動詞都用:「should + 動詞原形」或只用「動詞原形」。 如: He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He demand that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher』s advice. insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣;翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。 如:He insists he is a student. 他堅持說他是個學生。 這個語句表示的是事實,因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。 suggest意為「建議」才用虛擬語氣,意為「暗示」則不用虛擬語氣。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含著他很擔心。 這個句子本身是事實,因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。 2、表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。 句型:It is.......that +主語從句,從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型。 3、 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中,可用虛擬語氣,主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他親自來也不知該怎麼辦。(事實:他沒來) Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使華佗在世也救不了他。(事實:華佗不在世) 4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引導的讓步狀語從句中,從句虛擬語氣結構為: 指現在或將來: may +動詞原形。 如: We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管發生什麼事,我們都要按時完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 無論他在哪裡,我們都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多麼晚,我都會等他。 指過去: may +完成式 。 如: You mustn』t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多麼大的進步,你也不能驕傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯過什麼錯誤,我們必須尊敬他。 5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之後的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種願望,故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:
過去 had + 過去分詞 現在 過去時(be 用were ) 將來 過去時(be 用were ) 如: I』d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。 I』d rather you were here now. 我倒想你現在在這兒。 We』d rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒 6、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中,表示:「早該做某事了」時,定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語氣的結構為:It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形,即從句用虛擬過去式。 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學校接我的女兒了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早該上班了。 7、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣 (1) 說話時,為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為:would / could / might / should + 動詞原形。 如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把門關起來你介意嗎? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個教訓牢記於心。 I should agree with you. 我應該同意你的觀點。 (2) 表示「祝願」時,常用may + 主語+ 動詞原形。 如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。 (3)表示強烈的「願望」、「祝願」時,常用動詞原形。 如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產黨萬歲。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 (4) 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。 ① 提出請求或邀請。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的單車嗎? ② 陳述自己的觀點或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 見到你我會很高興。 I would try my best to help you. 我會盡力幫助你。 ③提出勸告或建議。如: You』d better ask your father first. 你最好先問一問你的父親。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你應該先全面調查一番。 ④ 提出問題。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你認為他能按時來嗎? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎? ⑤ 表示對過去情況的責備時,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:情態動詞 + have + 過去分詞。 如: You should have got here earlier. 你應該早就到這里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你應該把它還給他了。 8、虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應用。詳見網路之方式狀語從句詞條。
編輯本段四、省略的虛擬條件句型
省略連詞if
有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略,但此時應用倒裝句型,即將從句中的were, should, had 等提到句首: Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆,我會拒絕。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我會去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天氣壞,我們就准時到達了。 【注】 ① 若條件從句為否定句,否定詞not應置於主語之後,而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Weren』t, Shouldn』t, Hadn』t而置於句首。 ② 有時省略if後提前的had不是助動詞: Had I time, I would come. 假若我有時間,我會來的。(=If I had time…)
省略條件句的主語和其後的動詞be
若主從句主語一致,且謂語部分包含有動詞be,通常可將主語和動詞be省略: If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早點兒修一下,拖拉機就不會拋錨了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
省略「it+be」
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的話我會派更多的民工去幫你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)
省略整個條件從句
這樣的省略通常需要藉助一定的上下文,即省略條件從句後,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的: I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以親自去看她,這樣好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)
編輯本段在含蓄條件句中的用法
(1) 條件暗含在短語中。如: We didn』t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號碼,否則我們就會給他打電話。(暗含條件是otherwise) Without your help, we wouldn』t have achieved so much. 沒有你的幫助,我們不可能取得這么大的成績。 (暗含條件是介詞短語without your help) But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果沒有你的幫助,我的實驗就不會成功。(暗含條件是but for your help) It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障。 (暗含條件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately) (2) 條件暗含在上下文中。如: I would not have done it that way. 我是不會那麼做的。(可能暗含if I were you) I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。否則我會來幫你的。(可能暗含if I hadn』t been so busy.) You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以參加我們的討論。(可能暗含if you wanted to) I would have bought the DVD player. 我是會買下那台影碟機的。(可能暗含if I had the money) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨,我們還會早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。

㈤ 初中英語語法重點有哪些

主要是賓語從句和狀語從句,如果說考的稍微難一些的話就是定語從句以及名詞性從句,一般考的話後兩者的難度不會很大.
賓語從句在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,從句放在主句之後,前後不用逗號分開.
賓語從句:
引導賓語從句的詞有:
連詞that(在口語中that常可省略),if,whether,如:
He knows that Jim will work hard.
連接代詞who,whom,which等,如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
連接副詞when,where,how,why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有「是否」的意思,一般情況下兩者可以換用,但在介詞之後,
不定式之前,與or not連用,在句首或在引導表語從句,同位語從句時,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true.He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.賓語從句要用陳述句語序.
5.賓語從句一定要注意時態呼應,即:當主句謂語動詞是過去式時,從句中謂語動
詞也要用過去范疇的時態,但若從句陳述的是真理或客觀規律,其謂語的時態仍用一般現在時,如:
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.

㈥ 初中英語的主要語法知識有哪些

1. 名詞
�(1) 不規則名詞的單、復數形式要特別記憶:
�man—men, woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, tooth—teeth

�(2) 單數、復數同形的名詞:
�fish, sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese
�(3) 常用復數形的名詞:
�trousers, shoes, glasses
�(4) 只有復數形的名詞:
�thanks, clothes
�(5) 單數形式但其意為復數的可數名詞:
�people, police
�(6) 有生命的名詞所有格形式:
�單數名詞加's, 復數名詞加s', 不是以s結尾的復數名詞加�'s�, 如: children's
room
�(7) 無生命的名詞所有格用of結構表達:
�如: the capital of China
�(8) 表示並列名詞各自所有,在各名詞詞尾加's:
�如: Tom's and Mary's bikes (兩人各自的自行車)
�(9) 表示並列名詞共同所有,則在後一個名詞的詞尾加's:�
如: Tom and Mary's mother (即Tom與Mary是兄妹)
�(10) 關於時間、距離、長度、重量、價格的所有格:
�如: ten minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length, two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth
�(11) 雙重所有格:
�a friend of my father's
2. 形容詞與副詞
�(1) 原級,比較級,最高級詞形變化:
�① 〔單母音+單輔音〕的單音節詞
�fat—fatter—fattest
�thin—thinner—thinnest
�hot—hotter—hottest
�big—bigger—biggest
�② 以y結尾的雙音節詞
�easy—easier—easiest
�heavy—heavier—heaviest
�pretty—prettier—prettiest

③ 劣級比較
�less+形容詞/副詞原級+than
�例: She is less beautiful than Mary.
�④ 兩者之間用比較級,在比較級前加定冠詞,三者以上用最高級
�例: He is the taller of the two.�
She is the best player of the three.
�⑤ 越……越……的表達法
�例: The days are getting hotter and hotter.
�The more you study, the more you learn.
�⑥ 修飾比較級的詞有:much, by far, even, a little, a great deal…
�例: She is much better now.
�� 切記不要用比較級來修飾比較級。
3. 連詞
�(1) 動詞與*近的主語一致:
�這樣的連詞有: or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also。
�(2) or的用法:
�① 作或者講
�例: You or your friend has to go to the teachers' office.
�② 作否則講
�例: Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
�(3) and與but:
�例: He has no money and he is poor.�
He is poor but he is honest.
4. 介詞
�(1) 表示時間:
�at: 表示某一時間點
�如: at noon
�on: 表示特定的日子
�如: on Christmas
�in: 表示一段不具體的時間
�如: in the morning, in the Second world war
�� 如表示在某一特定的早上、下午則用on
�如: on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on Sunday morning
�ring: 表示期間內的某個時期
�如: ring the night, ring the Second World War
�for: 其後接表示一段時間長度的詞
�如: for three days
�through: 表示在整個期間沒有間歇
�例: It snowed through the night.
�till/until: 表示動作持續的終點
�例:I studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.
�by: 表示動作完成期限
�例: I'll be back by five o'clock.
�since: 表示某動作的起始點
�例:I have studied English since 1990.
�(2) 表示地點:
�at: 表示較小的地點
�如: arrived at the school gate
�in: 表示較大的地點
�如: arrived in Shanghai
�for: 表示目的地
�例: I'll leave for Shanghai.
�above: 表示上面,上方,其反意詞是below
�over: 表示垂直上方,其反意詞是under
�例: The dog jumped over the table.
�through: 表示穿過
�如: through the forest
�across: 表示平原上的跨越
�例: I want to walk across the road.

5. 動詞
�(1) 動詞的時態:
�① 一般現在時
�一般現在時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示一經常發生的動作,如: I always go to scho
ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事實,如: The earth moves around the sun.
�② 現在完成時
�現在完成時的主要用法有兩點:其一表示某一動作發生於過去,並持續下來,到現在完成
。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動作發生於過去並已結束,但其影響到現在。如: I haven't had my lunch. I'm hungry now.
�與現在完成時連用的詞語有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。
�其考查要點:
�其一: Have been表示曾經去過,如:I have been to America twice. 說此話的人應
已經回到國內。而He has gone to Japan.則此人目前已到日本去了。
�其二: 截止性動詞可以有現在完成時,但不可與表示一段長度的詞連用,如: The clas
s has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.
�③ 一般過去時
�表示過去發生的動作,過去的習慣或反復發生的動作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過去時連用的時間狀語有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (剛才), last night, yesterday
�④ 一般將來時
�純將來時的表示法: shall/will+動詞原形
�例: I'll leave for Shanghai this evening.
�表示按計劃要做或可能做的事: be going to+動詞原形
�例: I'm going to help you tonight.
�將來時的特殊表示法
�a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving
�例: Don't worry. I'm coming.
�b. be about to+動詞原形
�例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.
�c. 狀語從句中用一般現在時表示將來
�例: If it rains tomorrow I won't go to the party.
�(2) 情態動詞:
�can: 能,會
�例: He can do it very well.
�may: 許可,可能性
�例: May I use your pen?
�must: 必要,禁止(多表示主觀看法)
�例: You mustn't play with fire.
�have to: 不得不(多表示客觀之事)
�例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.
�could與would:二者用於現在時表示語氣的委婉
�例: Could you help me?

6.句型
(1) 賓語從句:
�由疑問代詞或副詞引出的賓語從句
�例: Could you tell me where the post office is?�
Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語)
�由that引出的賓語從句
�例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導詞)
�� 賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。
�例: He asked when we would leave home.
(2) 狀語從句:
�狀語從句可包括:時間/地點/原因/結果/目的等狀語從句。
�例:I will come when I am free.�
I'm late because my bike is broken.�
He went so early that he got a good seat.�
She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.
�� 狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來。
�例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.
�� 表示在一長動作進行過程中某一動作突然發生則長動作要用進行時態,而突發性 動作要用一般時態。
�例: When I'm reading a book, the telephone rings.
(3) 反意疑問句
�例: She can swim across the river, can't she?�
It's a fine day, isn't it?�
Marry needs to have a rest, doesn't she?�
You have nothing to do, do you?�
He seldom does homework, does he?�
Don't open the door, will you?�
Open the door please, will you?�
Let us have a rest, will you?�
Let's go, shall we?
(4) 感嘆句:
�例. What a hot day it is!�
How hot the weather is!
7. 不定式
�(1) 不定式在句中作賓語,狀語:
� 例: It has begun to rain.�
I want to go to the cinema.
�(2) 不定式與疑問詞連用:
� 例: I want to know how to work.
� I want to know what to do.
�(3) 不定式的否定句:
� 例: He told me not to do it.
�④ 省略to的不定式:
� 例: I saw him come this morning.
這樣的動詞有see, hear, watch等感官動詞,及have(作讓、使講) make, let.

㈦ 求初中英語語法知識點

初中英語合集網路網盤下載

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簡介:初中英語優質資料下載,包括:試題試卷、課件、教材、視頻、各大名師網校合集。

㈧ 初中英語語法知識點的歸納方法

初中英語對以後的英語學習起著舉足輕重的作用,所以對初中的英語知識點要進行充分的歸納復習,只有不斷擴充自己的英語知識結構,才能系統的、整體掌握英語語法。語法是組成句子的基本架構,很難想像一個不懂語法的人,能說出一口地道、無誤的英語口語,能看懂英文文章,能進行英語寫作。掌握基礎的語法可以幫助我們更好的理解一些語言現象,更快的為實際交流運用打好基礎。那麼,我們怎麼做才能更好的對初中的這些英語知識點進行總結呢?
一、掌握重點語法。
初中的語法知識點比較多,不要把時間平均分布到每一個知識點上。無論是對於考試還是實際運用,都要先掌握重點的語法知識,比方說:動詞的各種時態、非謂語動詞,這些都是初中英語語法里的重點和難點,在學習的時候,要多花一些時間和精力,反復練習才能更好的掌握。對於我們來說,英語是外語,和我們學習母語有很大區別,也需要我們投入更多的精力,所以要有計劃的安排學習。以從句為例,可以先歸納好有哪幾種從句,然後根據不同從句的基本架構,進行例句解析,然後做模擬題,了解各類型從句的運用。
二、結合實際應用,掌握語法。
不管是哪種語法,最後都是為實際應用服務的,所以如果單單只講解語法架構,是達不到好的學習效果的,只有放在實際的語言環境中,和實際應用結合起來,才能真正掌握。比方說:學習一個新的語法知識後,可以讓學生用這個語法進行造句或者文章朗讀,這樣會加深記憶理解,並且能更好的對學過的知識點進行歸納總結。要鼓勵學生在日常生活中多用英語表達,只有了解到英語在實際中的價值,才能激發學習的主動性。
三、通過比較不同,加深語法的掌握。
英語的語法有很多看上去大致相同的地方,如果不進行仔細對比,很難掌握其中的差別,容易發生知識點的混亂。比方說動詞的不定式和-ing形式的用法比較,現在完成時和現在完成進行時的用法比較等。在英語的學習里,對比總結歸納是很有必要的,對於一些模糊不清的語法現象及用法,通過對比可以更清晰明了的知道其中的差異,掌握的更加准確。
對語法的掌握情況,直接影響了實際應用水平。在初中英語語法知識點的學習中,要學會用歸納法學習語法,日常練習中,也要多多鍛煉運用能力,從而達到提高英語水平的實際效果。

㈨ 初中英語知識點,重點語法總結

一般現在時 do
一般過去時 did
一般將來時 will do
現在進行時 is(am are)doing
過去進行時 was(were)doing
一般過去將來時 would do
過去完成時態 had done
現在完成時 have(has)done
一、 一般現在時
1、定義 表示經常發生的動作或存在的狀態,如能力、特徵、性質、身份等。
2、構成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 實意動詞用原形表示 (注意當主語為第三人稱單數時,動詞 + s或 + es)
句型轉換 1) 情態動詞,聯系動詞提前或直接在其後加 not 2) 實意動詞加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示經常性的、習慣性的或永久性的動作,常與 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等連用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的狀態,常用動詞 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。注意這些
動詞一般不用被動語態. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受時間限制的客觀事實或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般過去時
1、定義 表示過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,可能是一次的,也可能是經常的,動作已完成。
2、構成 1) be – was,were 2) 實意動詞用過去式來表示,沒有人稱和數的變化。
句型轉換 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 實意動詞加did或didn't(動詞改為原形)
3、用法 1) 表示過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示過去的時間狀語連用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示過去經常或反復發生的動作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had(have的過去式)當「有」講時,構成疑問和否定有兩種形式,其他詞義同實意動詞。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. (不用 haven't) Did you have a good time?
三、一般將來時
1、定義 表示將來某一時間內要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、構成和用法1)shall (第一人稱)和will (所有人稱) + 動詞原形, 縮寫為 「'll」,否定縮寫為shan't, won't。
2) be going to do,常用於口語,表示打算去做的事和可能要發生的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to do...when...表馬上要發生的事,不與時間連用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按計劃或職責、義務要求必須做的事或即將發生的動作。
5) 終止性動詞come, go, leave, arrive等的現在進行時刻表示按計劃,安排或即將進行的動作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引導的從句的一般現在時表示一般將來時。
四、過去將來時
1、定義 表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。
2、構成及用法 should (第一人稱)或would (第二,三人稱) + 動詞原形,常用於賓語從句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法見一般將來時。
五、現在進行時和過去進行時
定義:現在進行時表示1)現在正在進行的動作 2)現階段一直在進行,延續性 3)目前階段臨時發生的動作,暫時性。 is/ am/ are + doing
過去進行時表示1)過去某時正在進行的動作 2)過去某段時間正在進行的動作 3)過去瞬間發生的動作。was/ were + doing
Notes:1. 表安排、計劃要發生的動作可用進行時表示將來時。這些終止性動詞有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 現在進行時與always, often等頻率副詞連用,表示厭煩、贊嘆等感情。
3. 在條件從句中,時間狀語從句中用現在進行時表示將來進行時。
4. 同理,在表條件、時間狀語從句中,用過去進行時表示過去將來進行時,在一些表開始,離開的動詞用過去進行時表過去將來時。
用法: 1. 現在完成時表示現階段完成的動作或存在的狀態,動作或狀態從過去開始延續到現在,可能終止,
即動作發生在過去強調對現在的影響,與現在有關,常與 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段時間, since + 點時間;in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等連用
2. 過去時指過去某時或某一段時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。指的現在之前的情況,與現在無關
3. 過去完成時指的過去某一時間動作之前發生的動作或存在的狀態,「過去的過去」。常用句型:
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 過去時間 4) No sooner had + S. + done ... than ... did ...
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done ... when ... did ... 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just「剛才」表示剛剛過去,可以看成與說話時間緊密相連,可與現在完成時連用,也可以與過去時連用。但just now「剛才」=a moment ago, 只表示過去時間,只與過去時連用。
2. 一些終止性動詞不能用完成時態的肯定句與延續多久的時間狀語連用,要用表狀態的動詞或用動詞+介詞短語或+形容詞的完成式,還可以用it is+多少時間+since的句型。
3. since自從……以來 conj + 從句 prep + 表示「時間點」的名詞。for prep.+ 多少時間,表示一段時間。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少時間,表示最近一段時間,用完成時,不用過去時。
5. have been去過某地(不在去過地)have gone到某地去了(不在說話地方)。一,二人稱不能用have gone。 6. 在美語中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引導倒裝句,常與過去完成時連用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用過去完成時表示過去的意圖而實際沒有實現的情況