1. 初一至初二英語知識點,語法點
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
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11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
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11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
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11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
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11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
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11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
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11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
參考資料:http://..com/question/13015035.html
2. 初中英語七年級上冊(人教版)知識點歸納
《初中英語七年級上》網路網盤免費資源下載
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01 初中英語七年級上(況霍凌霄)-27等多個文件|b.基礎初中英語七年級下(胡燦奎)-66|a.基礎初中英語七年級上(胡燦奎)-52|02 初中英語七年級下(況霍凌霄)-36|01 初中英語七年級上(況霍凌霄)-27|09 第9講 Unit 9 My favorite subject is science|08 第8講 Unit 8 When is your birthday?|07 第7講 Unit 7 How much are these socks?|06 第6講 Unit 6 do you like bananas?|05 第5講 Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?|04 第4講 Unit 4 Where is my schoolbag?|03 第3講 Unit 3 Is this your pencil?|02 第2講 Unit 2 This is my sister|01 第1講 Unit 1 My name is Gina|教師簡介.txt
3. 七·八年級英語語法
找到了七年級的,不知道合不合適。
◆ 知識要點回顧 ◆
1 . Could you … ? (你 / 你們……好嗎?)句型多用來表示請求,這里的 could 比 can 語氣更加委婉、客氣和有禮貌,肯定回答多為:OK / All right ! / Certainly ! / Of course . 否定回答常是:Sorry , I / we can』t . (不用couldn』t )。如:
—Could you lend me your dictionary ?
—Of course .
2 . one 不僅可用作基數詞表「一」之意,也能用作代詞替代前面所提可數名詞中的「一個」或代指「任何人」。例:
1 ) One and two is three . 一加二等於三。
2 ) I don』t have pens . Please give one to me . 我沒有鋼筆,請給我一支。
3 ) One must love one』s country . 任何人都必須愛國。
3 . You』re welcome . 用來回答對方的感謝時,相當於That』s OK . / that』s all right . / Not at all .。如:
—Thank you very much .
— You』re welcome .
4 . too 這個副詞作「太」講時通常修飾形容詞或副詞(放在其前);作「也」講時多位於句尾(其前用逗號隔開)。例:
1)Your bag is too big . 你的包太大。
2)Your bag is big , too .你的包也大。
5 . 當名詞前有定冠詞、指示代詞和物主代詞修飾時,all 習慣上放在這些限定詞之前。例:all my books(我所有的書)。
6 . the other 通常表示兩者(部分)中的「另外那個(些)」,而不帶定冠詞的 other 多用來泛指「另一些」。試比較:
1 ) The twins are English . One is Lucy , the other is Lily . 這對雙胞胎是英國人,一個叫露西,另一個叫莉莉。
2 ) I have many friends . Some are teachers , others are police men . 我有很多朋友,一些是教師,另一些是警察。
7 . socks , shoes , trousers , glasses(眼鏡)等表示兩部分構成的整體東西的名詞習慣上用復數形式,如果指「一雙(副)」,應用a pair of 短語修飾。例:
a pair of socks(一雙短襪),a pair of glasses(一副眼鏡)等。
A pair of shoes is under the bed .
8 . 當詢問「某人(物)怎麼啦?」時,句型常用 What』s wrong with … ? 這里的疑問詞 what 不可受漢語的影響誤用 how 。例:
—What』s wrong with your kite ? 你的風箏怎麼啦?
—It』s broken .它壞了。
9 . worry 作及物動詞用時其後習慣上只接人作賓語,意為「使……擔心」;worry 用作不及物動詞其後能接人或物作賓語,但必須用介詞 about ,意為「擔心……」。例:
1 ) These apples worry me . 這些蘋果使我擔心。
2 ) Don』t worry about my lessons . 別擔心我的功課。
10 . tea , milk , bread , water , meat , rice 等物質名詞均為不可數名詞,此類名詞無復數形式,其前不可用不定冠詞、基數詞、指示代詞等直接修飾,若表示它們的數量,其前必須加「計量名詞 + of 」短語。例:a bottle of orange(一瓶桔汁),two cups of tea(兩杯茶)。
但是常可以用:two cups of tea = two teas 兩杯茶
11 . It』s time … 句型後接名詞或代詞時要用 for(介詞),後接動詞必須用 to(不定式符號),這里的主語 it 不可換用另的代詞,且 time 前習慣上不用冠詞。例:
1 ) It』s time for class . 該上課了。
2 ) It』s time to play games . 是做游戲的時候了。
注意:It is time for sb to do 該某人干……
12 . something to eat (drink ) 意為「吃(喝)的東西」,to eat ( drink ) 為不定式作後置定語修飾不定代詞 something 。例:
We have something to eat now . 現在我們有東西吃。
Ⅱ. 典題賞析
◆ 交際能力與測試指要 ◆
(1)根據所設情景選擇最佳答案。如:
1 . — ______ ? — It』s eight thirty .
A . How old is your sister B . What class are you in
C . What』s the time , please D . What number is your car
2 . 當你有事想問別人,應先說聲:______ .
A . Excuse me B . I』m sorry C . Hello D . OK
(2)根據對話情景,補全對話。如:
Kate : Hi , Jim . ( 1 ) ?
Jim : Fine , thank you . And you ?
Kate : I』m fine , too . ( 2 ) ?
Jim : Very well , thanks
Kate : ( 3 ) ?
Jim : Class Four .
Kate : ( 4 ) ?
Jim : Room Five .
Kate : Oh , I see .
A . Which is here classroom B . How is your sister
C . How are you today D . What class is she in
解答「情景交際」題首先要清楚所設的情景是哪一類交際項目;其次要清楚在哪種情景下該說什麼話,該如何表達自己的思想;還要清楚上下文情景的關系。
具體題還要具體對待。上面題型(1)中的第2小題,直接選A就行了。而第1小題就必須先辨別A、B、C、D四個選項各是什麼意思,然後看答句的表達形式,才能依據交際常識判斷是C。第(2)小題的一組對話設計了四個問句,這樣的題則要根據上下文的內容和交際習慣,與對話一一對應。
選完後一定要默默讀上兩遍,細心體會一下語感,認真檢查一下有無疏漏,最後確定。如果試題有圖片,要善於利用圖片上的信息,幫助答題,要善於從情景中悟出「天機」。
◆ 交際英語講練 ◆
※ 問候 ( Greetings ) �
1 . 「How are you ? 」「______」�
A . How do you do ? B . How are you ? �
C . I『m fine , thank you . D . What do you do ?
※ 介紹 ( Introctions ) �
2 . — Li Ping , ______ . �
— Nice to meet you , Zhang Hong . �
A . that』s my friend , Zhang Hong B . this is Zhang Hong�
C . she is Zhang Hong D . I introce Zhang Hong to you
3 . 「Nice to meet you . 」「_______」�
A . Is that so ? B . I『ve got a cough . �
C . Yes , do please . D . Nice to meet you , goo .
※ 打電話 ( Making telephone calls ) �
4 . 「Hello , 5847552 . 」「Hi ! _____」�
A . Are you Linda ? B . Who are you ? �
C . I am David . D . Is that Linda speaking ?
5 . — This is John speaking . Who is that ? �
— _____�
A . This is Bill . B . I am Bill . �
C . You are Bill . D . Where is bill ?
6 . — Could I speak to headmaster ? �
— ______ please . �
A . Hold on for a moment B . Speak loudly�
C . He is at work D . What』s wrong ?
7 . A : Hello ! Could I speak to Miss Grey , please ? �
B : ______�
A . I『m Miss Grey . B . Yes , you could . �
C . SPeaking . D . Who are you ?
答案與簡析:�
1 . C。「How are you ? 」是熟人之間常用的客套招呼語,答語常用 「Fine , thank you . 」或「Very well , thank you . 」表示問候的用語還有「Good morning / afternoon / evening . Hello / Hi . 」等,答語須重復原話。�
2 . B。介紹某人,常用句型「This is . . . 」。自我介紹則用「My name is . . . 」或「I』m . . . 」。� 3 . D。「Nice to meet you . 」一般在兩人初次見面被互相介紹後使用,其答語為「Nice to meet you , too . 」。「How do you do ? 」和「Glad to meet you . 」也屬於介紹用語。�
4 . D。打電話時,欲問對方是誰,應說「Who is that ( speaking ) ? 」。�
5 . A。打電話時,欲說「我是……」,應說「This is . . . 」。�
6 . A。接電話時,若想請對方別掛斷或稍等,應說「Hold on ( for a moment ) , please . 」。�
7 . C。接電話時,若你正是對方要找的人,可說「請講」 ( Speaking . ) ;若對方要找的人不在,可說「He / She isn『t here right now . Can I take a message for you ? 」。�
Ⅲ. 語法透視
◆ 不可數名詞用法舉要 ◆
不可以用數目來計算的名詞稱為不可數名詞。學習不可數名詞時,應注意以下幾點:
▲不可數名詞沒有復數形式。如:some meat , some bread , 不可說 some meats , some breads 。
▲不可數名詞不能不定冠詞 a , an 及數詞修飾,但可用 some , any , much (許多),a lot of (許多),a little(一點)等直接修飾。如:我們不可以說a tea , two milk , 但可以說 some tea , much meat 。
▲不可數名詞前通常用量詞來表示具體的數。如:a glass of water , two cups of tea , five pieces of bread 。需要注意的是:類似短語中的介詞 of 不能省去,當數詞大於「一」時,量詞需要用復數形式。
▲不可數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。例如:
These is some water in the bottle . 瓶里有些水。
Is there any rice in the bag ? 袋子里有米嗎?
▲若不可數名詞前有復數數量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用復數形式。例如:
There are three bottles of orange on the table . 桌上有三瓶桔汁。
試比較:There is some orange on the table .
▲對不可數名詞前的修飾語提問,疑問詞用 how much 。例如:
They want two cups of tea .
→How much tea do they want ?
There is some milk in the glass .
→How much milk is there is the glass ?
▲對不可數名詞前量詞部分的修飾語提問題,疑問詞用 how many 。例如:
They want two cups of tea . →How many cups of tea do they want ?
▲不可數名詞表示特指時可用定冠詞 the 修飾。例如:
The bread on the table is Li Lei』s . 桌上的麵包是李磊的。
▲有些名詞即可作可數名詞,也可作不可數名詞,但意思卻大不相同。如:glass 作可數名詞,意思是「玻璃杯」,作為不可數名詞,意思是「玻璃」;room 作可數名詞,意思是「房間」,作不可數名詞,意思是「空間」。
I have many friends bread meat milk fish (麵包)(肉)(牛奶)(魚)
Ⅳ. 難詞解碼
◆ some 與 any之區別 ◆
some 和 any 都有「一些」的意思,都可作形容詞、代詞,可修飾或代替可數名詞的復數形式或不可數名詞,但兩者用法不同。
一、some 一般用於肯定句中。例如:
I can see some flowers . 我能直到一些花。
There is some milk in the glass . 杯子里有一些牛奶。
二、any 一般用於否定句和疑問句中。例如:
— Can you see any bread on the table ? 你看到桌子上有麵包嗎?
—Yes , I can see some . 是的, 我看到一些。
—Can you see any girls in the picture ? 你能看到圖畫上的女孩嗎?
—No , I can』t see any . 不, 我一個也看不到。
三、some 可用於表示請求、邀請、希望得到肯定答復的一般疑問句中。例如:
— Can you give me some bread ? 你能給我一些麵包嗎?
— Certainly . Here you are . 當然可以,給你。
Would you like some bread ? 你想要些麵包嗎?
同學們,請看,Polly 給我們編出了一句順口溜:
some 用於肯定句,疑問句、否定用 any ,請求、邀請與期待,仍用 some 代 any 。
◆ do you like 與 would you like ◆
Do you like … ? 意為「你喜歡……嗎?」「你愛……嗎?」等,是提問者問對方習慣上喜愛什麼,並不指目前一時愛好。其後常跟或 doing 結構作賓語。例:
Do you like meat ? 你喜歡吃肉嗎?
Do you like playing basketball ? 你喜歡打籃球嗎?
其肯定回答為 Yes , I do . ; 否定回答為 No . I don』t . 。
Would you like … ? 意為 「你想要……嗎?」「你願意……嗎?」,指說話人委婉地向對方提出請求或建議,是指目前的情況,其後常跟名詞或 to do 結構作賓語。例:
Would you like some apples ? 你盧吃一些蘋果嗎?
Would you like to have a cup of tea ?你想喝杯茶嗎?
其肯定回答是 Yes , please . 或 Yes , I』d like / love to . ; 否定回答是 No , thanks . / thank you . 或 Yes , I』d like to , but … 等。例:
A : Would you like a bottle of orange ?
B : Yes , please . / No , thanks .
would like 還可縮寫為 』d like 。例:
I』d like to have a cup of tea .
4. 七八年級英語總復習資料
不管你用的什麼復習資料,自己還是要有自己的一套復習方案的,以下一些復習方法可以參考著復習:
一、回歸課本為主, 找准備考方向
學生根據自己的丟分情況,找到適合自己的備考方向。 基礎差的學生,最好層層追溯到自己學不好的根源。 無論哪個學科, 基本上都是按照教材層層關聯的, 希望基礎不好的同學以課本為主,配套練習課本後的練習題,以中等題、簡單題為輔、 逐漸吃透課本,也漸漸提高信心。只要把基礎抓好, 那麼考試時除了一些較難的題目, 基本上都可以憑借能力拿下,分數的高低僅剩下發揮的問題。
二、循序漸進,切忌急躁
在復習的時候, 由於是以自己為主導, 有時候復習的版塊和教學進度不同,當考試時會發現沒有復習到的部分丟分嚴重。導致成績不高。 但是已經復習過的版塊,卻大多能夠拿下。這就是進步,不要因為用一時的分數高低做為衡量標准,復習要循序漸進,不要急躁。復習就像修一 條坑坑窪窪的路, 每個坎坷都是障礙,我們只有認真的從起點開始,按照順序慢慢推平。哪怕前面依舊溝整,但是當你回頭的時候,展現在你眼前的是一條康莊大道。基本上, 如果純做題的話, 1 -2個月時間就能把各科的試題從第一章節到最後一個章節摸得差不多。
三、合理利用作業試題、 試卷
簡單題、中等題一方面可以印證、檢驗自己的基礎知識體系, 又一方面可以提升我們復習的信心。在選擇作業上,簡單題、中等題尤其是概念理解應用題一 定要自己動手做,還要進行總結。 難題可以參考答案, 但要認真思考其中的步驟推導思想和轉化思想,這些都是考試所考察的。語文要充分利用試卷,其中的成語、病句要注重收集,文言文虛實詞記得要摘錄。英語單詞注意把正確選項帶人念熟。 同時思考閱讀、完型題是如何找到有效的原文信息,他們有何特點和提示點? 要這么去利用每一次作業和試卷,那麼成績將會短期內提高。
四、建立信心, 不計一時得失
有些學生自認為自己是差生, 無可救葯了。但是事實上往往不是這樣。有些學生認為自己天生比別人笨, 不如別人聰明。也許在某一方面上確實是有自身的缺陷,但是卻忽略了自己的優勢所在。為了自己心中那份或許並不是十分確定的夢想,一定要打起精神。前面也說過,考試不要記一時得失,而是要不斷的總結歸納。中等生,只要你不放棄,找到自己的缺陷,嚴格給自己定下復習要求並認真執行,就能達到。
5. 八年級英語知識點總結
人教版的(偶只學到了第6單元)
Unit1
要會描述出你最近經常乾的事情,
語法沒什麼難的(最好把3a背會)
單詞里注意hardly(否定詞)
try(try
one's
best
to
do
sth盡某人最大的努力做某事、try
to
do
sth盡力做某事、try
doing
sth嘗試做某事)
same(be
the
same
as...和..一樣)
differen(be
different
from..
..與..不同)
although(不能與but連用)
Unit2
要會描述你的健康狀況和給出建議(還是背3a)
單詞沒有什麼特別重點的,背會掌握基本的用法
Uint3——5都比較簡單,能背的都背,沒什麼壞處
Uint6是比較級注意比較級的構成6條,在P93
還有1.同級比較
A
is(be)
as
tall(adj.)
as
B
A和B一樣高
2.比較級
and
比較級
It
gets
colder
and
colder
天氣越來越冷了(...越來越...)
3.the
比較級...the
比較級
The
more
you
eat
,the
fatter
you
will
get
你吃的越多,你將長的越胖(越...越...)
4.倍數
比較級
than
My
room
is
three
times
bigger
than
yours
我的房間是你的4倍大
5.much/a
little等修飾限定比較級,表示程度
It's
much(a
little)colder
than
yesteyday
今天比昨天冷的多(一點點)
6. 人教版初二英語各單元知識點匯總
新目標英語八年級上筆記
Review of Unit 1-6
I. language goals (語言目標)
1. Talk about how often you do things 談論做事情的頻率。
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions.
談論健康話題以及提出建議。
3. Talk about future plans.
談論未來的計劃/打算。
4. Talk about how to get to places.
談論到達某地的方式。
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons.
學會發出,接受和拒絕邀請並說出原因。
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people.
學會談論個人品質以及如何比較人們。
II. Key Phrases (重點短語):
1. how often 多長時間一次
2. junk food 垃圾食品
3. a lot of 許多
4. hardly ever 很少
5. start with 以…開始
6. try to do sth. 試著去做某事
7. look after 照料
8. be kind of unhealthy 有點不健康
9. once a day 一天一次
10. twice a month 一個月兩次
11. be good for 對…有好處
12. once in a while 偶爾
13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙醫
14. get a cold / fever 感冒/發燒
15. have a stomachache 肚子疼
16. have a toothache 牙疼
17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
18. lie down and rest 躺下休息
19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的熱茶
20. be stressed out 緊張
21. listen to … 聽…
22. get tired 變的疲勞
23. keep healthy 保持健康
24. at the moment 此刻;目前
25. watch TV 看電視
26. play basketball 打籃球
27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹
28. visit my friend 拜訪我的朋友
29. relax at home 在家放鬆
30. sports camp 運動野營
31. something interesting
32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing
去徒步旅行/野營/釣魚/購物/觀光
33. go away 離開
34. get back to school 返回學校
35. stay for a week 呆一個星期
36. go bike riding 騎自行車兜風
37. takes walks 散步
38. rent videos 租錄像帶
39. sleep a lot 睡得多
40. think about 考慮
41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane
乘地鐵/公共車/小船/飛機
42. get to 到達
43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共車/飛機/小船
44. train / subway / bus station 火車/地鐵/公共車站
45. bus ride 乘公共車的旅行
46. ride a bike 騎自行車
47. bus stop 公共汽車站
48. on foot 步行
49. leave for 離開去…
50. school bus 學校班車
51. the early bus 早班車
52. be different from 與…不同
53. half past six 六點半
54. in North America 在北美洲
55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐
56. need to do 需要做…
57. more than 多於
58. play soccer 踢足球
59. baseball game 棒球比賽
60. school team 校隊
61. come over to 過來到…
62. the day after tomorrow 後天
63. be good at 擅長於…
64. two years ago 兩年前
65. be outgoing 外向的
66. all the time 一直
67. in some ways 在一些方面
68. look the same 看起來一樣
69. talk to everyone 與大家談話
70. make me laugh 使我笑
III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型:
Unit 1:
1. -What do you usually do on weekends?
-I usually go to the movies.
2. -What does he sometimes do on weekends?
-He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. How often do you exercise?
I exercise once a week.
4. How often does she eat vegetables?
She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.
Unit 2:
1. What』s the matter?
What』s wrong?
What』s the trouble?
2. I』m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat.
/I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist.
You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn』t eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don』t get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I』m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.
Unit 3
1. -What is she doing for vacation?
-She is babysitting her little sister.
-That sounds nice / interesting.
2. -When are you going?
-I』m going on Monday.
3. -Where are they going?
-They are going to Tibet.
4. -Who is she going with?
-She is going with her parents.
5. -How long is he staying.
-He is staying for a week.
6. -How is the weather there?
-I』m hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June.
8. Have a good time.
Unit 4:
1. -How do you get to school?
-I get to school by bus.
2. -How does he go to work?
-He usually walks to school.
3. -How long does it take?
-It takes about twenty minutes.
4. -How far is it from his home to school?
-It』s three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
Unit 5:
1. -Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
-Sure, I』d love to. / I』m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. -Can she go to the movies on Saturday?
-No, she can』t. She has to help her mom.
3. -Can you go to the concert on Monday?
-When is it?
-It』s at four o』clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I』m going to study for a test this evening.
6. What』s the date today?
Unit 6
1. Pedro is funnier than Paul.
2. Tina is (a little)taller than Tara.
3. I am more athletic than my best friend.
4. My hair is longer than hers.
5. Liu Ying is not as good as her sister.
6. In some ways, we look the same.
7. For me, a good friend likes doing the same things as me.
8. I』m quieter than most of the kids in my class, and so is my friend.
9. Who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose?
7. 八年級英語知識點 最新
英語語法中的16種時態
所謂「時」就是行為發生的時段或狀態存在的時段,即:現在、過去、將來和過去將來四種;所謂「態」就是行為或狀態發生時說呈現的狀態,有一般狀態、進行狀態、完成狀態或完成進行狀態四種。由時和態結合,便形成下列十六種時態:
一般狀態:一般現在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,一般過去將來時;
進行狀態:現在進行時,過去進行時,將來進行時,過去將來進行時;
完成狀態:現在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時;
完成進行狀態:現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時,過去將來完成進行時.
一、 一般現在時
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。6.例句:. It seldom ['seldəm]很少snows here.
He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words..
二、 一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:be動詞;行為動詞 的過去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本結構:be+doing 4.否定形式:be+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進行時
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。3.基本結構 s+was/were+doing 4.否定形式:s+was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。(第一個字母大寫)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現在完成時
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。2.時間狀語:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點,for+時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 過去完成時
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構:had + done. 4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
七、 一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構:主語+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。
5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
八、 過去將來時
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .
九、將來完成時
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時間短語(將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結構:be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
十、現在完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來。2.基本結構:have/has +been+doing
3.時間狀語:since+時間點,for+時間段等。4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
十一、 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中,表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看:A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作), at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看:Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來,媽媽!」請看:
The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.
時態 - 互相轉換
日期表達
英語日期的表達與漢語不同。英語表達的順序為
"月、日、年",2004年11月4日就可寫成November 4th, 2004,還可表示為
November fourth, 2004。也可寫成"日、月、年",4th November, 2004即the fourth of November, 2004。
朗讀方面在朗讀時,"月份"一般直接用英語讀出;"日"則要讀成"the 序數詞";
讀年份時,一般分為兩個單位來讀,前兩個數為一個單位,後兩個數為一個單位。
如:1982年讀作nineteen eighty-two, 1900年讀作nineteen hundred。
如果是三位數,先讀第一位,再把後兩個數合起來讀。
如:984年可讀為nine eighty-four,757年讀成seven fifty-seven。
另外,像2000年一般讀成two thousand, 2001年則讀成two thousand and one,
以此類推,2004年應讀成two thousand and four。
January 12th, 1993讀成January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three。
英語日期的表示法
用英語表示日期,其順序為「月+日+年」,日和年之間需用逗號隔開。
如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。
也可以用「日+月+年」來表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日
英語日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到
某一天,則需用介詞on
January一月(略寫為Jan.) February二月(略寫為Feb.) March三月
(略寫為Mar.) April 四月(略寫為Apr.) May五月
June 六月 (略寫為Jun.) July七月 (略寫為Jul.) August八月 (略寫為
Aug.) September九月(略寫為Sept.) October十月(略寫為Oct.) November十一月
(略寫為Nov.) December十二月(略寫為Dec.)