㈠ 人教版八年級下冊英語重點單詞短語及用法。謝謝了。
人教版新目標8年級下英語語法重點 Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重點語法：一般將來時態的應用 Unit 2 What should I do? 重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法） Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重點語法：過去進行時態 Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 重點語法：賓語從句 Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time! 重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重點語法：現在完成進行時態 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事 Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf? 重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重點語法：現在完成時態 Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it? 重點語法：反意疑問句
㈡ 八年級下冊英語學過的所有語法總結！
人教版新目標8年級下英語語法重點
Unit
1
Will
people
have
robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
Unit
2
What
should
I
do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
Unit
3
What
were
you
doing
when
the
UFO
arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
Unit
4
He
said
I
was
hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
Unit
5
If
you
go
to
the
party,
you'll
have
a
great
time!
重點語法：if
引導的條件狀語從句
Unit
6
How
long
have
you
been
collecting
shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
Unit
7
Would
you
mind
turning
down
the
music?
重點語法：mind
[one's]
doing
sth.
介意（某人）做某事
Unit
8
Why
don't
you
get
her
a
scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
Unit
9
Have
you
ever
been
to
an
amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
Unit
10
It's
a
nice
day,
isn't
it?
重點語法：反意疑問句
http://wenku..com/view/49fd2ffff705cc1755270929.html
㈢ 八年級下冊英語主要要學的時態都有哪些
1、一般將來時。
2、一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式。
3、過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）。
4、過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式。
5、過去進行時態、過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式。
6、現在完成進行時態形式。
7、現在完成進行時態的被動語態、現在完成時態、現在完成時態的被動語態。
英語學習方法
1、英語基礎
要想學好高三英語，英語基礎是必須學好的，英語基礎沒有想像中的那麼難，不管是單詞還是句型、語法。
在高三復習的第一輪復習中，關於復習系會和語言點，一定要注意聽，哪怕是一節課掌握幾個短語也行，至於課後就自己拿起高中英語書，從單詞背起，考英語一定要有詞彙基礎，否則什麼都是白搭。
2、詞典不離手
當在學習高三英語的時候，遇到不會的單詞就要查，看到相近的單詞分不清也得查明白，不要求自己一遍記住，就看一看給自己一個印象，大概一個單詞你查五遍的時候就能記住了。
另外，一定要看英文解釋！這個是避免完形填空選項中英語翻譯發生歧義很有用的方法，希望能夠幫助到大家。
3、英語語法
學習英語語法就像造房子，首先要把最基礎的語法脈絡理清，打好根基，之後就可以慢慢補充和拓展，讓自己的英語知識點鞏固起來。
4、英語單詞
從零基礎學習英語開始積累的一定是詞彙量，對今後的英語聽說讀寫都會很有幫助。要多寫多讀多用，很多人記住單詞的讀音和拼寫後，就不再去管它們了，這是不對的。背單詞的目的不單單是要會念會寫，如果不會運用，還是不算完全掌握。
㈣ 八年級英語人教新課標下冊語法
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法：一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式：(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態：(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句：People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句：What will people have in a few years?
Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法：過去將來時態（將來時態的委婉說法）
do/does 的過去將來時態形式：(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態：(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句：You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句：Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句：What should I do?
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法：過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式：(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態：(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句：I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?
動詞 when 和 while 的選擇：when 後加瞬間動詞，while 後加延續性動詞。
例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法：賓語從句
結構：主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句：----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意：①主句是一般現在時態，賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句：He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態，賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語，必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句：She said helping others changed her life.
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法：if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構：主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意：在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中，主句應用將來時態，狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法：現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式：have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態：have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合：
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例：我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後，我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式：
肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句：How long have you been skating?
注意：瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句：你借這本書已經多長時間了？
How long have you been keeping this book?
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法：mind [one's] doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事
重點短語：not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音；使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心；小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心；照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴；依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法：詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語：fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送；分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法：現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式：(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態：(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句：我去年去過美國，那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語：have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法：反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成，或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句：He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時，要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的，則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的，則必須用 no 回答。
例句：你還沒有準備好，對吧？
You're not ready, are you?
是的，我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不，我准備好了。
Yes, I am.
希望能幫到你。
㈤ 人教版八年級英語下冊第一、二單元語法重點及使用
八年級下學期第一單元的重點是「一般將來時」可以用will和be
going
to這兩種，一個句子如果它的主句是一般將來時，那麼從句要用一般現在時代替一般將來時。第二單元則是請求建議
，要注意except和besides的區別。1173228542
㈥ 八年級下冊英語課外語法
八年級下冊英語語法總結 Unit6 Fun Cycling
Topic1 We』re going on a spring field trip 一. 重點詞彙 ( 一 ) 詞形轉換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應詞) king 3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety ( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重點片語:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做決定 3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定 6 see the sunrise 看日出
. make a reservation 預訂 8. come up with 想出（主意） 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付；賠償 11. raise money 籌錢 12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為……訂房間 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝 19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間 20．a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）卧 21.my pleasure 不客氣 二．重點句型及重點語言點
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。
to tell you 是動詞不定式短語， 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之後。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do. 2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。
go on a visit to 去參觀/旅遊 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩
4．It』s hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語，It 是形式主語。
如： It』s nice to meet you.
5. I』ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是：
I』ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we』ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來，然後我們來決定最好的郊遊方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We』re trying to decide on a school.
單詞講解:
1.fewer people更少的人(fewer修飾名詞復數，表示否定)
2.less free time更少的空閑時間(less修飾不可數名詞，表示否定)
3.in ten years 10年後(in的時間短語用於將來時，提問用How soon)
4.fall in love with…愛上…
例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once
當我第一次見到許老師，我立刻愛上他
5. live alone 單獨居住
6. feel lonely 感到孤獨(比較：live alone/go along等)
The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn』t feel lonely那女孩獨自沿著街道走，但她並不感到孤獨
7. keep/feed a pet pig 養一頭寵物豬
8. fly to the moon 飛上月球
9. hundreds of +復數數百/幾百(概數,類似還有thousands of; millions of)
10. the same as 和……相同
11. A be different from B A與B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)
12. wake up 醒來(wake sb. up表示 「喚醒某人」
13. get bored 變得厭倦(get/become是連系動詞，後跟形容詞如tired/angry/excited等)
14. go skating 去滑冰(類似還有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等)
15. lots of/a lot of 許多(修飾可數名詞、不可數名詞都可以)
16. at the weekends 在周末
17. study at home on computers 在家通過電腦學習
18.agree with sb. 同意某人(的意見)
19.I don』t agree. = I disagree. 我不同意
20.on a piece of paper 在一張紙上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可數名詞)
21.on vacation 度假
22.help sb with sth/help sb do sth 幫助某人做某事
23.many different kinds of goldfish 許多不同種金魚
24.live in an apartment住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor住在12樓
25.live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332號
26.as a reporter 作為一名記者
27.look smart 顯得精神/看起來聰明
28.Are you kidding? 你在騙我嗎
29.in the future 在將來/在未來
30. no more=not …anymore 不再(強調多次發生的動作不再發生)
31. no longer=not… any longer 不再(強調狀態不再發生)
32. besides(除…之外還，包括)與except =but(除…之外，不包括)
33. be able to與can能、會(be able to用於各種時態，而can只能用於一般現在時態和一般過去時態中；have to用於各種時態，而must只能用於一般現在時態)例如： 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)
2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must)
34.be big and crowded 大而且擁擠
34.be in college 在上大學
35.live on a space station 住在空間站
36.dress casually 穿得很隨意casual clothing 休閑服飾
37.win the next World Cup 贏得世界盃 win award 獲獎
38.come true 變成現實
39.take hundreds of years 花幾百年的時間
40.be fun to watch 看起來有趣
41.over and over again 一次又一次
42.be in different shapes 形狀不同
43.twenty years from now 今後20年
.too loud 太大聲
2.out of style 過時的
3.in style 流行的
4.call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 給…..打電話
5.enough money 足夠的錢(enough修飾名詞時不必後置)
6.busy enough 夠忙 (enough修飾形容詞或副詞時必須後置)
7.a ticket to/for a ball game 一張球賽的門票
注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此處幾個短語不能用of表示所有格
8. talk about 談論
9. on the phone 用電話
10.pay for 付款
11.spend…on +sth.=spend...( in) doing sth. 在…花錢
12.It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花…的時間
13.borrow …from 從….借( 借進來)
14.lend…to 把…借給(借出去)
15.You can keep the book for a week 你可以借這本書一周(不用borrow或lend)
16.buy sth for sb 為……買東西
17.tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告訴某人做某事
18.want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事
19.find out 發現；查清楚；弄明白
20.play one』s stereo 放錄象
21.fail the test=not pass the test 考試不及格
22.fail in (doing) sth… 在...上失敗,變弱
23.succeed in (doing) sth 在...方面成功
24.write sb a letter/write to sb. 給某人寫信
25.surprise sb. 使某人吃驚(類似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人)
26.to one』s surprise 使某人吃驚的是…..
27.to one』s joy 使某人高興的是…..
28.look for a part-time job 找一份兼職的工作(不一定有結果)
29.get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼職的工作(有結果)
30.ask sb. for… 尋求/向某人要某物
31.have a bake sale 賣燒烤
32.argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 與某人爭吵
33.have a fight with sb.=fight with 與某人打架
34.drop off 離去；散去；逐漸減少;死去
35.prepare for…=get ready for… 為…做准備
36.after-school clubs(activities) 課外俱樂部(活動)
l be/get used to doing 習慣做某事
l used to do 過去經常/常常做某事
l be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用於做某事
37.fill… up 填補；裝滿… be full of裝滿
38.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物歸還給某人
39.get on /along well with 與…相處很好
40.all kinds of 各種各樣
41.as much as possible=as much as you can 盡可能多
42.take part in=join in 參加(某種活動/集會)
43.a bit =a little 一點兒(當修飾形容詞或比較級時)
44.a bit of =a little 一點兒/一些(當修飾不可數名詞時)
45.be angry with… 生…的氣
46.by oneself=on one』s own 某人自己/獨自地
47.on the one hand 一方面
48.on the other hand 另一方面
49.I find/feel/think it difficult to do... 我發現/感到/認為做某事很難.
50.see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/聽見/注視某人正在做…
51.not…until 直到…才(謂語動詞一般是非延續動詞)
52.表示某人情緒有關的形容詞用法:
be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed
說明：當主語是某人時，注意後面的形容詞一般是-ed結尾的單詞，而當主語是某物時或修飾名詞時，注意後面形容詞一般是-ing結尾單詞.)
例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.
53 radio advice program 電台提建議的節目
54 be original 新穎的
55. leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某處
56 sports clothes 運動服
57. the same age as=as old as 和--- 年齡一樣
58. the tired children 疲憊不堪的孩子
59. complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、、、
60.take their children from activity to activity 帶著孩子參加一個接一個的活動
61.try to do sth, 盡量干某事 try doing sth 試著干某事
62.be under too much pressure 壓力太大
63.a mother of three 三個孩子的媽媽
64.take part in after-school clubs 參加課後俱樂部
65.compepition starts from a very young age 競爭從很小年紀就開始了
66.compare…with 和---比較
67.organized activities 有組織的活動
http://www.171english.cn/goforit/book8b/zhongjie/ 這個網站好
㈦ 人教版八年級英語下冊的語法知識需要書上的句子!
二．重要句型、短語。
（一） 重要句型。
1．There will be less pollution, more trees and fewer cars in 100 years.
2. What should I do? You should do more exercise. You could buy some books.
3. When the man came into the room, I was reading a book.
=While I was reading a book, a man came into the room.
4. He said they would come here in 5 minutes and they were on the way.
5. We will take you to the zoo if we have free time.
6. We have been studying English for 3 years.
=We have been studying English since 3 years ago.
7. Would you mind closing the window?
= Could you please close the window?
=Please close the window.
= You have to close the window.
8. Why don』t you get her a scarf?
= Why not get her a scarf?
= How about getting her a scarf?
= Let』s get her a scarf.
9. I have been to the zoon last year.
My father has gone to Beijing now.
They have already received my letter.
10. You like playing soccer, don』t you?
You have nothing to tell me, do you?
11. It』s time for sth. It』s time to do sth. It』s time for sb to do sth.
12. find it adj (for sb) to do sth. It』s adj/n. (for sb) to do sth.
(二)重要短語的用法。
1.few, a few; little , a little.
2. many , much, a lot of , lots of
3.more, fewer, less.
4. can, be able to
5.help with sth, help sb do sth.
6.can, may must, could ,should ,might.
7.pay, spend, take, cost.
8.except, besides.
9.stop to do sth, stop doing sth. start to do sth start doing sth.
10.forget to do sth, forget doing sth.
11.try to do sth try doing sth.
12.enough+n, adj +enough, enough to do sth.
13. the same as, be different from
14.think about doing sth, complain about doing.
15. not …until, not … anymore.
16.something important, nothing to eat. something nice to drink.
17. take part in, join, enter,
18. in front of, in the front of.
19.take care of, look after.
20. surprise, be surprised to do sth
21.one… the other, another, other, others.
22. bring, take; borrow, lend.
23. be good at sth/ doing sth… be better at sth/ doing sth
24.have a good time, have a great time, have a wonderful time. have fun
25.either,either…or, neither, neither…nor, both …and
26. how, how long, how long, how often, how far, how soon, how old.
27. how many, how much.
28.Would you like some…? Yes, please, No, thanks.
29. like, be like, look like, look the same
30.Thanks for sth/ doing sth.
31.like to do sth, like doing sth, enjoy doing sth.
32.interesting, be interested in sth/ doing sth. take an interest in.
33.would you mind (not) doing sth.
34. what about..? how about…?
35. too… to so… that.
36. have been to, have gone to.
1.. __________ an English party in our school this evening.
A. There will be B. There is going to have
C. There will have D. There is going have
2. The boys often play ______ tennis after school.
A. a B. / C. the D. that
3. Alan is as _______ as Lucy in their class.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
4. ______ you _____ free next weekend?
A. will, have B. will, be
C. Do, be D. Are, be
5. He _____ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back
C. will come back D. is going to coming back
6. There will be _______ people and _____ pollution in 50 years.
A. less, more B. fewer, less
C. more, more D. less, less
7. Why not ____ to thank you teachers?
A. making cards B. to make cards
C. make cards D. made cards
8. There will _____ robots in people』s homes.
A. be B. is C. are D. have
9. My life will be _____ better than it is now!
A. a lot of B. a lot C. more D. less
10. ------- ____do you go to see your parents?
------- Once a week.
A. How many B. How much
C. How long D. How often
11. Flying to the moon for vacation will ____ one day.
A. come on B. come over
C. come up D. come true
12. You ____ wash your hands before meals
A. should B. could C. would
13. _____ he was very thirsty, he didn』t drink water.
A. Though B. As C. So D. But
14. You should _____ sorry to him.
A. talk B. speak C. say D. tell
15. Please call me ______ this afternoon.
A. to B. for C. up D. with
16. Mother told her son ______ at home.
A. stayed B. to stay C. stays D. staying
17. Your clothes are ______ of style.
A. away B. far C. out D. in
18. Would you please _____ on the road?
A. not to play B. to not play
C. not play D. don』t play
19. She has ____ haircut ____ I do.
A. the same, as B. the same, with
C. same, as D. same, with
20. We are friends, we can ________.
A. get on well B. get well
C. get on well with D. on well get
21. This is _____ boy. That girl is _______.
A. an 8-year-old, 7 years old.
B. an 8-years-old, 7 years old
C. an 8-year-old, 7-year-old
D. a 8-year-old, 7- year-old
22. You can ____ some money from Jim. I think he may _____ the money to you.
A. lend, borrow B. borrow, borrow
C. borrow, lend D. lend, lend
23. I don』t have a pen. He doesn』t have a pen, _____.
A. too B. also C. as well as D. either
24. Everyone is here _____ Lily, she is ill.
A. beside B. besides C. outside D. except
25. She was cleaning her room __ I arrived at her room.
A. When B. while C. as soon as D. but
26. When the UFO arrived, I was standing ____ the big tree.
A. in the front of B. in front of
C. front D. in a front
27. My best friend visited my house while I ____ dinner in the kitchen.
A. cooked B. cooking
C. was cooking D. cook
28. I was very _____ at the ____ news.
A. surprised, surprised B. surprising, surprising
C. surprised, surprising D. surprising, surprised
29. _____ I was walking to school, I saw a cat climbing a tree.
A. When B. while C. before D. After
30. What _____ while Linda was ____ the phone?
A. happened, on B. happen, on
C. happened, at D. happen, at
31. An alien got out _____ the UFO and walked ____ the street.
A. off, on B. from, along
C. of, down D. in, in
32. They arrived ___ Paris ______ a winter evening.
A. at, in B. to, on C. in, on D. in, at
33. ---- What were you doing at this time yesterday?
---- I _______.
A. sleep B. slept C. was sleeping D. sleeping
34. If you ____ the station, please call me.
A. get B. arrive C. reach D. arrive to
35. The thief _____ the purse and _______.
A. drops, run after B. droped, ran away
C. dropped, ran away D. dropped, run away
36. We』ll go for a walk if it _____ tomorrow.
A. will not rain B. isn』t raining
C. doesn』t rain D. isn』t rain
37. She said she ____ flying to shanghai next weekend.
A. will be B. was C. is D. are
38. Please _____ the message _____ Tim.
A. pass, to B. pass, on
C. pass, with D. pass, in
39. He told me he _____ call his brother tomorrow.
A. will B. would C. shall D. can
40. ______, you should cut the bananas, then you can make the banana pie.
A. The first day B. At last
C. In the end D. First of all
41. He asked his classmate where _________.
A. does his teacher see the film
B. his teacher saw the film
C. did his teacher see the film
D. his teacher sees the film
42. He is ____ at ______ than ______.
A. good, read, listen B. better, reading, listening
C. well, reading, listening D. better, read, listen
43. Jim does ____ in math. I do ____ in math. Mary does ____ of all.
A. good, better, best B. well, better, well
C. well, good, best D. well, better, best
44. I must get up early_____ I won』t be late for school.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
45. I have _____ to tell you.
A. something excited B. exciting something
C. excited something D. something exciting
46. I said I _______ to have the party for you
A. going B. go C. was doing D. am going
47. I found ____ difficult to learn science well.
A. it B. this C. that D. me
48. I want you _____ happy.
A. be B. to be C. are D. to are
49. If it _____ fine, We』ll go to Money Island tomorrow.
A. is B. was B. is going to be D. will be
50. My father enjoys _____ to light music.
A. listens B. to listen C. listening D. listened
51. If Mary is late tomorrow, the teacher won』t _____.
A. let in her B. let her in
C. let she in D. let into her
52. Look! The traffic is moving fast. It』s ____dangerous ________ cross the street now.
A. such, to B. so, to C. much, too D. too, to
53. We ____ go on a picnic if it ____ rain next Sunday.
A. don』t, isn』t B. don』t, stop
C. shall, doesn』t D. aren』t, doesn』t
54. He was ____ tired ____ he couldn』t go on working.
A. too, to B. such, that C. so, that D. too, that
55. The radio was too noisy. Would you turn _____ a little, please?
A. down it B. it off C. off it D. it down
56. _____ bad news! We can』t go to Hainan for our holiday.
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
57. What _____ if I _____ the food to the party?
A. will happen, take B. happen, take
C. happen, will take D. happens, will take
58. We will ____ work outside sometimes.
A. able to B. are able to C. be able to D. can
59. People will watch them _______.
A. all the time B. always
C. often D. sometimes
60. _____ the students has his ty.
A. Each B. Every C. Each of D. Every of
61. There are about _____ students in our school.
A. two thousand B. two thousands
C. two thousand of D. two thousand of
62. ---- ____ did they play basketball? ----- For an hour.
A. How long B. How soon
C. How far D. How often
63. Amy has been skating _____ two hours.
A. for about B. for since C. since D. about
64. We have been walking _____ 8 o』clock.
A. for B. at C. since D. ring
65. She ____ in Beijing since 1985.
A. lives B. are living
C. lived D. has been living
66. _____ the way, have you seen John lately?
A. On B. In C. By D. To
67. How long have you been ______ English?
A. collecting B. collected
C. to collect D. collects
68. It』s very kind ___ you ____ so much money for us.
A. for, to raise B. of, to raise
C. for, raising D. of, raising
69. Did you see him _____ on the rail tracks just now?
A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. sits
70. Beihai Park is ______ years old.
A. hundred of B. hundreds
C. three hundreds D. hundreds of
71. ------ It』s too hot, would you mind _____ the door?
------ ______, please do it now.
A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not
C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good
72. I』m afraid I can』t really agree _____ you.
A. for B. with C. on D. in
73. _____ you mind _____ me the way?
A. Would, to tell B. Would, telling
C. Will, tell D. Will, to tell
74. Would you mind ______ the windows. It』s too cold.
A. not open B. not opening
C. don』t open D. opening not
75. Would you please _____ in class?
A. don』t talk B. not talk
C. not to talk D. not talking
76. Before you go out of the house at night, please ____ the light.
A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn up
77. Don』t be angry, Mom. I』ll clean my room______.
A. now B. right away C. away D. just now
78. I want to get the book back, please ____ when you finish reading.
A. return me it B. return it to me
C. return it back to me D. return it me
79. ----- Stop ____, Peter. Go on with your lessons.
----- Sorry, sir. I stopped______ an eraser.
A. to talk, to borrow B. talking, to borrow
C. to talk, borrowing D. talking, borrowing
80. Doing too much homework is _____ children.
A. good for B. bad for C. bad at D. good at
81. Do you know _____ yesterday afternoon?
A. what happened him B. what he happened
C. what happened to him D. what happened to he
82. They ____ asleep for an hour.
A. have fallen B. have been C. fall D. are
83. ---- Would you mind not playing the guitar here?
---- ______.
A. Yes, I would B. No, I wouldn』t
C. Yes, of course D. Sorry, I won』t do it
84. What should we ___ our teacher ___Teachers』 Day?
A. take, on B. buy, from C. get, for D. give, to
85. Why ____ him a gift? That』s a good idea.
A. not buy B. don』t buy
C. not you buy D. not to buy
86. This is Gina』s camera. Please ______.
A. give it her B. give it to her
C. give her it D. give her to it
87. I』m sorry I don』t have _____ so many good things.
A. money enough buy B. enough money to buy
C. money enough buying D. enough money buy
88. I have _____ to buy this expensive gift for my mother, but I don』t think it』s ______.
A. enough money, personal enough
B. enough money, enough personal
C. money enough, enough personal
D. money enough, personal enough
89. What ____ the best gift Lucy _____ ever received?
A. is, has B. has, has C. is, is D. has, is
90. I would receive money ______ the usual gifts for my birthday.
A. rather than B. instead C. than
91. ----- What should I get ____ my dad?
----- A tie, I think he』ll like it.
A. to B. of C. from D. for
92. How about _______ with us?
A. going fish B. going fishing
C. go fishing D. go fish
93. I played football _________ baseball.
A. instead play B. instead of playing
C. instead to play D. instead of play
94. Don』t spend _____ time watching TV.
A. too much B. much too
C. many too D. too many
95. I think a dog is a good pet ______ an old person.
A. in B. for C. on D. of
96. It』s easy ______ the teacher』s question
A. answer B. answering
C. to answer D. answered
97. I learn English by ______, and my brothers teach ______ Japanese.
A. me, them B. me, themselves
C. myself, themselves D. myself, them
98. ----- Why don』t _____ get him some fast food?
----- Oh, no. ___________ .
A. That』s not healthy enough B. That』s boring
C. That』s too healthy D. That』s delicious
99. ----- _____ you ____ to this school for ten years?
----- Yes, I _____ here in 1994.
A. Did, come, came B. Have, been, came
C. Did, come, have been D. Have, come, came
100. ---- Did you have _____ at water world yesterday?
---- Yes, I ____ with my parents there.
A. good time, enjoyed me
B. great time, enjoyed myself
C. a great time, enjoyed myself
D. a good time, enjoyed me
101. It ____ us an hour ____ the other side of the river by boat.
A. spent, to get to B. took, to get to
C. paid, getting to D. took, getting to
102. My English teacher is a very clever man. He is good at playing the guitar _____ singing.
A. as well as B. as good as
C. so well as D. as well like
103. ----- Jim likes music.
----- ______ his sister.
A. Neither do B. So do
C. So does D. But does
104. I didn』t go to the cinema. _______ did he.
A. So B. Also C. Neither D. And
105. I』ve _____ been to Japan before.
A. usually B. always C. often D. never
106. ---- Have you ever helped _____ you didn』t know?
---- Yes, I have.
A. nobody B. someone
C. anyone D. anybody
107. ----- Let』s ______ to the aquarium.
----- That』s a good idea.
A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
108. ----- ______ have you been at this school?
----- Since 1990.
A. How long B. How much
C. How soon D. How often
109. I』ve never seen such a fine picture______ .
A. ago B. before C. yet D. later
110. The red coat ______ me fifty yuan.
A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid
111. ---- Which is the smallest number of the four?
---- ________.
A. two thirds B. A half
C. A quarter D. Three fourths
112. ----- Where is your brother?
----- He ________ to the park.
A. has been B. has gone C. is going
113. You can watch TV ____ Sunday night, ____ you?
A. on, can』t B. at can C. on don』t
114. I think the rain will stop ____ noon.
A. by B. until C. in D. on
115. ---- Thanks for _____. ---- It』s my pleasure.
A. your helping B. your help
C. help me D. you help me
116. My mother doesn』t feel ____ and she doesn』t feel like _____ anything.
A. good, eating B. well, eating
C. good, to eat D. well, to eat
117. ---- How are you ____ your classmates?
---- Very well.
A. getting on to B. getting along with
C. making on with D. making along for
118. We waited ____ the bus stop ____ about one hour.
A. at, for B. for, for C. for, at D. at, at
119. It seldom rains here in spring, ______?
A. is it B. does it C. isn』t it D. doesn』t it
120. Let』s go swimming,_______ ?
A. will you B. shall we
C. won』t you D. will we
121. The bus will stop here, ______?
A. could it. B. won』t it C. is it D. doesn』t it
122. Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, ___?
A. did they B. do they
C. didn』t they D. don』t they
123. We』ll go shopping _____ the weekend.
A. at B. in C. for D. with
124. Nothing grows on top of the mountain,____ ?
A. do it B. doesn』t it
C. do they D. does it
125. There were some foreigners in the college, ____ ?
A. weren』t they B. were there
C. weren』t there D. doesn』t it
參考答案:
1 — 5 ABABC 6 — 10 CCABD
11—15 DAACC 16—20 BCCAA
21—25 ACDDA 26—30 BCCBA
31—35 CCCCC 36—40 CBABD
41—45 BBDCD 46—50 CABAC
51—55 BDCCD 56—60 AACAD
61—65 AAACD 66—70 CABAD
71—75 BBBBB 76—80 ABBBB
81—85 CBDCA 86—90 BBAAA
91—95 DBBAB 96—100 CCABC
101—105 BACCD 106—110 BAABA
111—115 CBAAB 116—120 BBBBB
121—125 BAADC
㈧ 人教版初二英語下冊語法
現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法
1.表示說話時正在進行的動作
常和now 連用，有時用一個look、listen ,來表now 這一時間概念。
*Look! A train is coming .看，火車來了。
*Listen! He is playing the piano.聽，他在彈琴。
2.表示現階段正在進行的動作
但不一定是說話時正在進行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等時間狀語連用。
*What lesson are you studying this week?你們本周學哪一課了？（說話時並不在學）
3.現在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作
即是說可以用來代替將來時，但此時，一般要與表示將來時的時間狀語連用，而且僅限於少量動詞。如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep
*Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津嗎?
*How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你們有多少人下周要來參加晚會？
三、一般將來時
█一般將來時
1.be going to+ 動詞原形~
對於將要發生的事，或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情時，皆以be going to + 動詞原形的句型來表示。
因此此句型有be動詞，所以是否用am, is, are ,決定於主語。
1.肯定句：主語+be (is, am, are) going to +動詞原形
I am going to play football next Sunday.
下周日我打算踢足球。
◇He is going to travel around the world. 他計劃周遊世界。
◇They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他們打算在校門口見面。
◇It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
2.否定句：主語+be (am, are, is) not going to +動詞原形
We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我們不上課。
◇I』m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算當老師。
◇He isn』t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不準備去看他哥哥。
3.疑問句：Be (Am, Is, Are) +主語+ going to + 動詞原形
◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你長大了，打算當一名醫生嗎？
Yes, I am. 是的，我打算當。
No, I』m not. 不，我不打算當。
will 同be going to 的用法相同
以今天為起點的所有將來時間，如：
this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/
tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening ,
the day after tomorrow / next week ,
next Wednesday / next month,
next September / next year.
★ 「be going to + 動詞原形」 表示計劃、打算、將來發生的動作，常和this afternoon （今天下午），this evening = tonight （今晚），tomorrow （明天），tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) （明早，午，晚），the day after tomorrow（後天），next Sunday （下個星期天）， next week (下周)， next month (下個月)， next year (明年)等的時間狀語連用，前不加任何介詞。另外，動作性動詞go ,come 和leave 等的現在進行時表示一般將來時動作。
四、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
1．比較級：句子表示兩者之間的比較時用比較級，其標志詞是than, much, a little , even和still等。
e.g. ① Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的頭發比我的長多了。
② I』m a little older than you. 我比你大一點兒。
2．最高級：句子表示三者或多者的比較時用最高級，其標志詞是表示範圍的in…或of …介詞短語。在句子中，形容詞最高級前必須加the。
e.g. ① The boy is the tallest in our class. 這個男孩是我們班最高的。
② Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
★形容詞的比較級和最高級：
形容詞有三種等級：原級、比較級、最高級。
3．原級：句中只有一者時用原級，其標志詞是very, so, too, quite等。
e.g. His handwriting is very good.他的書法很好。 （一個人不作比較。）
★ 形容詞比較級和最高級的構成：
1.一般在原級後加er 構成比較級，加est構成最高級。
e.g. small smaller smallest
young younger youngest
2.以不發音的字母e 結尾的形容詞，直接加r 或st 構成比較級和最高級。
e.g. nice nicer nicest
late later latest
3.以輔音字母+y 結尾的形容詞，變y為i ，再加er 或est, 構成比較級和最高級。
e.g. busy busier busiest
heavy heavier heaviest
4.在重讀閉音節中，末尾只有一個輔音字母的形容詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加er或est， 構成比較級和最高級。
e.g. hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
5.個別形容詞的比較級和最高級是不規則變化，需個別記憶。
e.g. good (well) better best
bad (badly, ill) worse worst
many (much) more most
little less least
far farther farthest
或 further furthest
★ 副詞的比較級和最高級：
1.以ly 結尾的副詞，除early 變為 earlier 和 earliest 外， 其餘一律在其前加more 和most。 如：carefully – more carefully – most carefully
2.規則變化直接加er 和 est 。 如：fast – faster—fastest
3.個別詞是不規則變化，需要特別記憶。
4.句子中，副詞最高級前的the 可省略也可以不省略，但形容詞最高級前面的the 絕對不能去掉。
e.g. Who runs (the) fastest, Tom, Jim or Mike?
五、提建議的表達方法、表示需要、詢問方向、指點方向
★ 表示建議的基本句型
1. Shall I / we + 動詞原形？
2. Why don』t you + 動詞原形 = Why not + 動詞原形
3. Let』s + 動詞原形
4. What/ How about + doing sth.
★ 表示需要的基本句型
1.表示需要用need。 它可當情態動詞和行為動詞用。
e.g. ① We need your help.（行為動詞）
我們需要你的幫助。
② They need finish reading the book today. (情態動詞)
他們需要今天看完這本書。
2.詢問方向，主要有以下幾種表達方式：
⑴ Is there a bus station near here? 附近有汽車站嗎？
⑵ Where is the nearest bus stop / station? 最近的汽車站在哪裡？
⑶ Which is the way to the bus station ? 去汽車站的路是那一條？
⑷ How can I go to the bus station? 如何去公共汽車站？
3.指點方向，主要有以下幾種表達方式：
⑴ Go / walk along the road / street. 沿著這條路/街走。
⑵ Take the first (second…) turning on the right / left. 在第一（二……）個路口向右/左轉。
⑶ It』s next to (in front of , behind…) 它在……旁邊（前面，後面……）
⑷ It』s about a hundred metres along on the left. 它在左前方大約一百米處。
⑸ Turn right / left. = turn to the right / left. 向右/左拐。
六、一般過去時
◆一般過去時主要表示過去的動作或狀態。在句子中由主語+動詞的過去式來表達。
1.He walks to school. (一般現在時)
2.He walked to school. (一般過去時)
例如：
例1．中的動詞walks時現在式, 由於主語是第三人稱單數he， 因此原因的walk必須加上 「s」,表示目前習慣性、經常性動作。可譯為「他現在經常步行上學」。
例2．中的動詞walked是過去式，過去式是敘述過去事情的動詞形式，所以這句話時表示的是過去的某時，例如昨天、上周或學生時代等過去的某一時間，這句可譯為「他曾經步行上學」。
◆be 動詞的過去式
be 動詞的過去時的句型如下：
肯定句： 主語 +be動詞的過去式（was, were）~
否定句： 主語 + be動詞的過去式（was, were）+ not ~
疑問句： be動詞的過去式（was, were）+ 主語 ~？
○He was busy yesterday. (肯定句) 他昨天很忙。
○He was not busy yesterday. (否定句) 他昨天不忙。
○Was he busy yesterday? (疑問句) 他昨天忙嗎？
1.be動詞過去時的肯定句
Mike was in the United States last year. 麥克去年在美國。
比較be 動詞的現在式和過去式：
There is (are ) 的句型用於一般過去時需把is ，are 變為它們的過去式：There was (were) …
2.be動詞過去式的否定句
He was not in Canada last year.
他去年不在加拿大。
be動詞過去時的否定句的結構和現在時一樣，只要在be動詞過去式（was, were）後面加上not就可以了。否定式的was not , were not 大多使用縮寫形式wasn』t 和 weren』t .
○I wasn』t busy the other day.
前幾天我不忙。
3.be動詞的過去時的疑問句（一般疑問句/特殊疑問句）
Was it raining in Beijing yesterday?
No, it wasn』t . I t was cloudy.
昨天北京下雨了嗎？不，沒下雨。昨天北京陰天。
be 動詞過去時一般疑問句的結構和一般現在時一樣，只要把be 動詞的過去式was, were 調到主語前面即可。 was (were ) + 主語 ~？ 回答時，需要用Yes, … was (were) .或 No… wasn』t (weren』t)
○Was your father free this morning? 今天上午你爸爸有空嗎？
Yes, he was . 是的，他有空。
No, he wasn』t . 不，他沒空。
◆一般動詞的過去時
一般動詞過去式的基本句型如下：
肯定句： 主語+ 動詞的過去式~
否定句： 主語+ did not + 動詞原形~
疑問句： Did + 主語 + 動詞原形~？
○He played tennis last week. (肯定句) 他上周打網球了。
○He did not play tennis last week. (否定句) 上周他沒打網球。
○Did he play tennis last week? (疑問句) 上周他打網球了嗎？
1.一般動詞過去式的肯定句
We had a good time yesterday.
昨天我們過得很愉快。
He had a good time yesterday.
昨天他過得很高興。
一般過去時沒有人稱和數的變化。因此，主語即使是單數、第三人稱，也和其他人稱一樣變化。
○I watched TV for an hour.
我看了一個小時的電視。
○She studied Russian two years ago.
兩年前他學俄語。
2.一般動詞過去時的否定句
We did not have a good time yesterday.
昨天我們過得不好。
一般動詞過去時的否定句的結構和一般現在時夠定句的結構一樣， 不論主語是第幾人稱，還是單、復數，在主語後面加上did not （而不是do not ,或 does not）就可以了。
否定式did not 常用縮寫形式didn』t 。
○He didn』t have classes this morning.
今天上午他沒課.
○You didn』t do your best to do it.
你沒有盡力去做。
3.一般動詞過去時的疑問句
Did he go there?
他去那了嗎？
Yes, he did. (No, he didn』t .) 是的，他去了。 （不，他沒去。）
When did you get up this morning? At six.
今天早晨你幾點鍾起床的？ 六點鍾。
一般動詞過去時一般疑問句的結構和一般現在時一般疑問句的結構一樣，無論主語是第幾人稱，單數、復數，在主語前面加上did即可。
○Did Tom go with you?
湯姆和你一起去的嗎？
Yes, he did . (No, he didn』t .)
是的。（不，不是的）
○How many subjects did you study last term?
上學期你們學習幾門功課？
We studied seven.
我們學習七門課。
比較一般動詞的現在時和過去時
一般現在時
一般過去時
肯定句
I go ~.
He goes ~.
I went ~.
He went ~.
否定句
I don』t go ~.
He doesn』t go ~.
I didn』t go ~.
He didn』t go ~.
疑問句
Do you go ~?
Does he go ~ ?
Did you go ~?
Did he go ~?
◆一般過去時的基本用法
1.帶有確定的過去時間狀語時，要用過去時
如：yesterday (昨天) , two days ago（兩天前）, last year（去年）., the other day（前幾天）, once upon a time（過去曾經） , just now（剛才）, in the old days（過去的日子裡）, before liberation（解放前）, when I was 8 years old（當我八歲時）.
2.表示過去連續發生的動作時，要用過去時
這種情況下，往往沒有表示過去的時間狀語，而通過上下文來表示。
○The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain , and died.
那男孩把眼睛張開了一會兒，看看船長，然後就去世了。
3.表示過去一段時間內經常反復的動作。
常與always, never 等連用。
○Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
彼得太太過去老是帶著一把傘。
（只是說明她過去的動作，不表明她現在是否常帶著傘。）
試比較：
○Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是帶著傘。
（說明這是她的習慣，表明她現在仍然還習慣總帶著一把傘。）
○I never drank wine.
我以前從不喝酒。
（不涉及到現在，不說明現在是否喝酒。）
4.如果強調已經終止的習慣時要用used to do
○He used to drink.
他過去喝酒。
（意味著他現在不喝酒了。喝酒這個動作終止了。）
5.有些句子，雖然沒有表示過去確定時間的狀語，但實際上是指過去發生的動作或存在的狀態的話，也要用過去時，這一點，我們要特別注意。
○I didn』t know you were in Pairs.
我不知道你在巴黎。
（因為在說話時，我已經知道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說話前，所以只能用過去時表示。實際上，這句話暗指：But now I know you are here.）
○I thought you were ill.
我以為你病了呢。
（這句話應是在說話前，我以為你病了，但是現在我知道你沒病。）
七、反意疑問句
█.反意疑問句 (Tag questions)
在陳述句之後加上一個意思與之相反的簡短問句，這種句子叫做反意疑問句。反意疑問句必須由意思相反的兩部分組成，在前一部分（陳述句）之後用逗號，後一部分（簡短問句）之後用問號。反意疑問句的否定句必須用縮略形成，同時它的主語必須用人稱代詞，不能用名詞。前一部分用降調，後一部分在表示疑問句時用升調。
反意疑問句分為兩類：
1.前一部分為肯定式，後一部分是否定式。
2.前一部分為否定式，後一部分是肯定句。
★陳述句（肯定式），+ 疑問部分（否定式）？
1.be 動詞和一般動詞（實意動詞）構成的反意疑問句
be動詞句型
現在…… ,isn』t (aren』t ) + 主語？
過去……, wasn』t (weren』t ) + 主語？
一般動詞句型：
現在…… , don』t (doesn』t ) + 主語？
過去…… , didn』t + 主語？
◇The pen is yours, isn』t it?
這筆是你的，不是嗎？
◇Lucy likes English, doesn』t she?
露西喜歡英語，不是嗎？
Yes, she does. 是的，她喜歡。
No, she doesn』t 不，她不喜歡。
2.情態動詞的反意疑問句
◇Your brother can swim, can』t he?
你的哥哥會游泳，不是嗎？
Yes, he can.
No, he can』t.
◇We have to finish it, don』t we?
我們不得不完成它，不是嗎？
Yes, we do.
No, we don』t.
◇The workers had to take the first bus, didn』t they?
工人們不得不上頭班車，不是嗎？
Yes, they did.
No, they didn』t.
★陳述句（否定式），+ 疑問句（肯定句）？
這種反意疑問句的結構和第一部分一樣，只不過顛倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。 這部分的難點在於回答，回答和漢語習慣不同。 在這種問句中，先不要管yes和no ，按實際情況，如果答語是肯定式的，就要用Yes + 肯定結構，如果答語是否定的，就要用No+ 否定結構
◇You aren』t a teacher, are you?
你不是老師，是嗎？
Yes, I am. 不，我是。
No, I am not. 是的，我不是。
◇You don』t study Chinese, do you?
你們不學中文，是嗎？
Yes, we do. 不，我們學中文。
◇Your classmates didn』t have a good time last summer, did they?
你的同學們去年暑假沒過好，是嗎？
Yes, they did. 不，他們過得很好。
No, they didn』t. 是的，他們過的不好。
★其他類型的反意疑問句
1.祈使句的反意疑問句
a．在肯定的祈使句後，為了使祈使句聽起來比較婉轉、客氣，可加一個簡短的問句，如：Will you? would you? won』t you? can you ? could you ? can』t you?最常見的是will you ？或 won』t you?
◇Open the window, will you?
請打開窗子，好嗎？
b.在let』s 祈使句後加上shall we? 或 shan』t we? 在let us (me , him…)後加上will you? 或won』t you?
2.陳述部分如果有表示否定意義的某些詞，如：never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing, neither…,疑問部分必須用肯定式。
3.陳述部分是there be 結構時，疑問部分用there，省略主語代詞。
4.陳述句部分如果有everything, nothing …. 表示事物的詞作主語時，疑問部分的主語用it ，陳述部分如果有everyone , no one, someone ….. 表示人的不定代詞作主語時，疑問部分常用they （有時也用he）.
◇Everything here is dirty, isn』t it?
這的所有東西都臟，不是嗎？
八、邀請和應答、請求許可
█英語中表達請求允許的句型很多，在不同的場合要用不同的句式來表達。
1.常見表示「請求」「允許」的句式。
① May I …? 我可以干……嗎？
② Can / Could I … ? 我能幹……嗎？
③ Shall I / we … ? 我/咱們干……好嗎？
④Would you like / love to …? 你願意干……嗎？
⑤Will (would) you please…? 請你干……好嗎？
⑥What / How about doing …? 干……怎麼樣？
2.常見「應答」的句式：
①Yes, of course. 當然可以。
②Sure/ Certainly. 當然可以。
③That』s OK. / That』s all right. 好吧，行。
④Yes, please. 好的，請（做吧）。
⑤I』d love / like to. 很樂意。
⑥With pleasure. 很樂意。
⑦Good idea! 好主意。
3.表示「不允許」的答語有：
①I』m sorry, but …… 對不起，不過……
②I』m sorry , but …. 對不起,你不能。
③You』d better not …. 你最好別……
④I』m afraid I can』t. 恐怕我不行。
⑤No, thanks. 不，謝謝。
㈨ 英語八年級下冊 主要語法知識點
直接引語和間接引語
1.直接引語 直接引用別人的原話叫做直接引語，直接引語通常置於引號內（「引用原話」）。
—「What is it all about?」
—「究竟是什麼事呢？」
—「Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.」
—「沒有什麼，大驚小怪而已。」
2.間接引語 用自己的話轉述別人的意思，或引用自己說過的話，
都叫做間接引語。間接引語多數用賓語從句來表達。
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
瑪莉說她今天早上收到了一封情書。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他說那時他忙得不可開交。
過去進行時表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間內進行或發生的動作。其形式為was /were + V-ing。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：last night, last Saturday等；或者與when, while, as引導的過去時間狀語連用。
基本用法
1. 過去進行時的基本用法主要表示過去某一時間正在進行的動作。
如：He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看書時睡著了。
2. 用過去進行時表示現在主要是為了使語氣委婉、客氣。
如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否讓我搭一下車。
【注】一般過去時也有類似用法，但比較而言，用過去進行時顯得更客氣，更不肯定。
3. 過去進行時表示感情色彩與現在進行時相似，過去進行時也可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩，也通常與 always, forever, continually等副詞連用。
如：They were always quarrelling. 他們老是吵架。
4. 動詞be的過去進行時
動詞be的進行時也可表示過去一時的表現或暫時的狀態。
比較：He was friendly. 他很友好。(指過去長期如此)
He was being friendly. 他當時顯得很友好。(指當時一時的表現)
補充：when 的後面加一般過去時，而且動詞是不延續性動詞。 while 的後面加過去進行時，動詞是延續性動詞。
特殊用法
1、當句子意思很清楚時，我們也可以把兩個動詞都換成一般過去時
We listened carefully while the teacher read the text.
老師讀課文時，我們都仔細地聽著。
2、表示按計劃、安排過去將要發生的事。用於come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置轉移的動詞時，也可以用過去進行時表示過去將要發生的動作。
如：He told me that he was going soon.
他告訴我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事發生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
那支醫療小組往前線行進時，天正下著雪。
4、表示一個新的動作剛剛開始。
過去進行時可用來引出一個新的動作，這種用法頗有點兒像鏡頭轉換。
Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
5分鍾後，他已站在門口抽著煙。
5、過去進行時還可和when結構遙相呼應，含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。
6、用來陳述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了。她患了很嚴重的心臟病。
7、與always, constantly等詞連用，表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind.
這女孩老是改變主意。
常用的時間狀語
this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now，a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station;嗎 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
㈩ 八年級下冊英語知識點總結
人教版八年級英語下冊知識點羅列
◆unit 1 Will people have robots?
知識點：
1． 形容詞，副詞的比較等級考查熱點透視：
a) 表示A與B在程度上相同時， 「as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。表示A不如B時，可用「not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級+as」結構。
b) 表示A比B在程度上「更…..」時，可用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+than」結構
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比較，其中一個在程度上「最…..」時，常用「the+形容詞或副詞的最高級」結構，後面可帶「of/in的短語」來說明比較的范圍。（注意：副詞的最高級在句中常省略「the」.）
d) 在形容詞或副詞的比較級前，可以用「a little, even, far, much,still」的等詞語來修飾，以加強語氣。
e) 表示「越來越….」時，常用「形容詞或副詞的比較級+and+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構，但要注意，對於多音節和部分雙音節形容詞，副詞而言，若要表達此意時，要用「more and more+形容詞或副詞的原級「結構。
f) 在表示「其中最….之一「的含義時，常使用 「one of+the+形容詞最高級形式+名詞復數」結構，其中的定冠詞the不可以省略。
g) 如果強調「兩者中比較…的（一個）」的意思時，可使用「the+形容詞比較級+其它」結構。
h) 表示「越….越….」, 可使用「the+形容詞或副詞的比較級，the+形容詞或副詞的比較級」結構。
2 .一般將來時
a) 一般將來時的構成：由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構成，shall用於第一人稱。在口語中，will在名詞或代詞後常簡略為』ll， will not常簡略為won』t。這個時態的肯定，否定和疑問結構可表示如下：
肯定句 否定句 疑問句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go. I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go. Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用」be going to +動詞原形」也可表示將來時，表示將要發生的事，打算或決定要做的事。
b)一般將來時的用法：1）表示將要發生的動作或情況；2） 不以人的意志為轉移，肯定要發生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.後天是國慶日。
3. in/after:in是指以現在時間為起點的「在一段時間以後」。也可以表示「在將來多少時間之內」，句子中的謂語動詞要用一般將來時態；after常指以過去時間為起點的「一段時間之後」，所以它與過去時態連用。當after指某個特定的未來時刻或日期之後，或指以將來某一時間為起點的若干時間之後時，它可以與將來時態連用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法區別：more為many, much的比較級，意為「更多」，可修飾可數與不可數名詞。Less是little的比較級，意為「更好，較少」，修飾不可數名詞。Fewer是few的比較級，意為「更少」，修飾可數名詞復數。
【注意】few, little表示否定「幾乎沒有」。a few, a little表示肯定「一點，幾個」。
5.would like sth意思為「想要某物「； would like to do意思為」想要做某事「。回答would like句型的一般疑問句時，其肯定回答為 「Yes, please.」;否定回答「No, thanks」或 「I』d like /love to, but….」
6. Such作形容詞，意思是「如此的」「這樣的」，修飾各種名詞。
Such這樣的。如It is such bad weather.天氣如此惡劣。
Such常和as搭配，表示一種類別。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我們喜歡象她那樣的嗓子。
Such常和表示結果的that從句搭配，表示「如此….以至於…」如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用來引出一個結果狀語從句。由於such是形容詞，所以that從句前有一個受such修飾的名詞；而so 是副詞，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，因此that從句前一般不出現名詞。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
a) 如果名詞是可數名詞的單數形式，such和so的位置不同：
such+a/an+形容詞+單數名詞
so+形容詞+a/an+單數名詞
b) 如果名詞是不可數名詞或名詞復數，只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容詞+不可數名詞或復數名詞
c) 如果被修飾的不可數名詞被much, little, 或復數名詞被many, few等表示量的形容詞修飾時，用so，不用such.
d) 當little表示「年紀小的」時，可用such+little+名詞。
7．be able to 為「能，會」，表示能力，在這個意義上與can的意思相同，一般情況下兩者可以互換，但can只有現在式和過去式（could）而be able to則用於更多的時態，主要體現在be的變化。兩者在用法上有一些差異：can （could）表示主觀能力不表示意願，它的將來時用will be able to而 be able to表示主觀意願強調克服困難做某事。
◆unit 2 What should I do?
知識點：
1..loud是形容詞,loud-louder-loudest意思是「響亮的」；作副詞時，常與talk, sing, laugh 等詞連用，如speak loud; loudly 「大聲地」帶有喧鬧的意味，常用來修飾shout, cry, call, knock等動詞，通常沒有比較級和最高級，作狀語；aloud 副詞，出聲地，大聲地，僅指發出聲音（以使能被聽得見）。
2．Enough為形容詞，意思是「足夠的」；enough +n.修飾名詞enough money; adj/adv+enough修飾形容詞或副詞；enough to do 足夠做某事
3．present, gift禮物：gift帶有一定的感情色彩，通常指昂貴的「禮物」，強調送禮人的誠意，有時有「捐贈」之意，多用於正式場合；present指為表達情誼，敬意或出於禮節，在某特定時刻或場合贈送的「禮物」，此禮物價值不一定高。make sb a present of把…作為禮物送給
4．borrow, lend: borrow「借入，借給」即說話人向他人借東西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent「借出，借給」即說話人把自己的東西借給他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb
5 except，besides除…之外: except除了…都，besides強調「除了…之外還有…」在no one, nobody, nothing等詞後加介詞but也表示「除了」。
6．find out, find, look for: find out「找出，發現，查明」多指通過調查，詢問，打聽，研究之後搞清楚，弄明白或指找出較難找到的，無形的抽象的東西；find「找到，發現」通常指找到或發現有形的東西也可指偶然發現某物的某種情況，強調找的結果；look for「尋找」強調動作。
7．talk about談到，談論；talk of談到，說到；have a talk with與..談談，做報告；talk to sb對…談話；talk with sb與…交談；talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示「和某人談話」，「講話」。talk to sb比較常用，側重一方談，一方聽；talk with sb側重雙方交談；talk about sb則表示「談論某人」
8．miss 和lose:miss意思為「發現丟失」「覺得不在」；lose意思為「丟失」「失去」。在本質上，miss是一種主觀感覺，而lose是一種客觀結果。
9．be used to doing習慣於做某事；used to do過去常常，暗含與現在明顯的不同，只用於過去時；be used to do是use的被動語態，意思是….被用來做某事。
10．own 與 have: own強調的是擁有，佔有某物為自己的財產，但所佔有的東西目前不一定是由人使用，強調所有權；have為普通動詞，表示的所有關系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ；own +賓語+賓補 eg. He owns himself wrong.；own+從句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ；of one』s own完全屬於某人自己的；on one』s own獨立地，自願地；with one』s own ears親耳
11. attend, join, take part in: attend「出席，參加，上學」attend school 上學，attend meeting出席會議；take part in 參加，是指參與某項活動 take an active part in積極參加；join 參加，當join用於加入某個團體或組織，成為其中的一員，後面直接跟名詞，當join表示參加某項活動時後面跟介詞in .
◆unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
知識點：
1． 過去進行時
a) 過去進行時由「was/were+動詞ing形式」構成。以動詞work為列，其肯定式，否定式，疑問式以及簡略答語見下表：
肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/ They were working.
否定式：I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑問式和簡略答語：Was I working? Yes, you were.
Was he working? No, he wasn』t.
【注意】was not常簡略為wasn』t; were not常簡略為weren』t
b) 過去進行時的用法：過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間，除有上，下文暗示以外，一般用時間狀語來表示
2． not …until直到…才。表示動作在某時之前尚未開始，直到此時動作才開始。not…until可以用after或when來代替，但主句謂語動詞要用肯定形式。Until為連詞時後接時間狀語從句，until作介詞時，後面接表示時間的名詞。Until 用於肯定句多表示動作或狀態一直延續到until所表示的時間為止，意思為「直到…」 from..till…中till往往表示不太具體的時間。From …to…或from…until常用來表示具體的時間。
3． find it…to do，it在此句中為形式賓語代表動詞不定式，動詞不定式為真正的賓語，常用於這種用法的動詞有find, feel, think, make等。
4． 「疑問詞+不定式「結構相當於一個名詞性從句，常常可用同等成分的從句代替。改寫時，只需在疑問詞後面加一個適當的主語（這個主語一般與主句的主語一致），並將不定式改成適當形式的謂語即可。如，Where to go is still a question.= Where we should go is still a question.
5． when 與while:when連接的狀語從句是個特殊句型，「前一個分句（謂語動詞用過去進行時）+when(作並列連詞，意思為「這時，突然」)+後一個分句（謂語動詞用一般過去時）」表示在前一個動作正在進行的過程中突然發生了後一個動作， when強調動作的突然性，when後面的動詞為非延續性動詞；while表示「在….過程中」，強調在一段時間內，所以while引導的從句中的謂語動詞必須為延續性動詞。在狀語從句中，若從句放在句首時，應用逗號與主句隔開。
6． 感嘆句的構成：What +a/an+形容詞+單數名詞+主語+謂語！What a good book it is!
What+形容詞+復數可數名詞+主語+謂語！What easy questions they are!
What+形容詞+不可數名詞+主語+謂語！What cold weather it is!
How+形容詞+主語+be動詞！How nice the watch is!
How +副詞+主語+謂語！How hard they are working!
8.take place, happen「發生」：take place指「發生事先計劃或預想到的事物」；happen指「一切客觀事情或情況的偶然或未能預見地發生」。兩者都是不及物動詞或短語，後面不能跟賓語，也不能用於被動語態；happen的意義很廣泛，而take place 僅用於歷史上的事件，集會等，是先行布置而後發生或舉行的事件，它不用於地震等自然界的現象。
happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事
9．不定代詞all, both, each,every與not連用時，只表示部分否定，在否定句中用and連接兩個賓語，表語，定語，狀語時，只表示部分否定，並且否定 and後面的部分；如用or連接句中兩個部分，則表示全部否定。如，She isn』t a bright and beautiful girl.她並不是一個既聰明又漂亮的女孩。（部分否定） She isn』t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一個既不聰明又不漂亮的女孩。（全部否定）。
◆unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
知識點：
1． 在稱述句中直接引語和間接引語的轉換：
a) 直接引語：說話人直接引用別人的原話。
b) 間接引語：說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉述出來。
c) 直接引語一般前後要加引號；間接引語不用引號。
d) 規則：1）人稱變化：從句中的第一人稱多改為第三人稱；第二人稱根據情況改為第一或第三人稱；第三人稱不變。2）時態變化：如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變為間接引語時從句的謂語動詞在時態方面要做以下變化：
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時（客觀真理除外）
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，直接引語變為間接引語時，從句的動詞時態保持不變；直接引語如果是客觀真理變為間接引語時，時態保持不變。3）其他指示代詞，時間狀語，地點狀語和動詞等的變化。直接引語中的一些指示代詞，時間狀語和地點狀語須作相應的變化：
直接引語 間接引語
指示代詞 this這 these這些 that那 those那些
時間狀語 now現在 then那時
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 這星期 that week那個星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一個星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二個星期
地點狀語 here 這里 there 那裡
動詞 come來 go 去
【注意】1）直接引語中的時間狀語根據實際情況轉述為間接引語時，有時不需要改變，如tomorrow。如果轉述的動作發生在當天，無需改變；如果轉述的動作不在當天，則需將tomorrow變為the next day.
2.habit, practice, custom: habit指「個人由於自然條件，社會環境，愛好或經常接觸而導致可以為常的行為或特性」；practice語氣比habit弱，指「個人或大家都習慣了的做法或工作與生活的方式。」；custom指「經過一段時期在某人，地區或社會中形成的傳統習慣或風俗。」
3．bring, take, carry: bring指「從別處把東西或人帶來」「拿來」，表示將人或物帶到或拿到說話者所在的位置的這個動作；take指「把東西帶走或拿走」，表示將人或物拿開或帶離說話者所在的位置的這個動作； carry指「隨身攜帶（不說明方向）有時含有 「負擔」的意思。
4．Surprise用法：1）surprise作名詞，表示「驚奇，詫異」；2）surprise作幾物動詞（後接某人作賓語）表示「使…驚奇」；surprise的過去分詞作表語，表示「感到驚奇」；to one』s surprise表示「使…吃驚的是」；be surprised at sth/sb表示「對…感到驚奇」。
5．however 與 but:兩者均可作「但是，然而」，而且都引出並列分句。從語義上看，but所表示的是非常明顯的對比，轉折的意味較however要強；從語法上看，but是並列連詞，而however卻是連接副詞；從語序上看，but總是位於所引出的分句前，而however卻可位於句首，句中和句末，但是譯成漢語時一定要把它放在分句之首；從標點符號上看，but之後一般不使用逗號，而however則必須用逗號分開。However當連詞用時，「無論以何種方式，不管怎樣」，引導讓步狀語從句。
6．first, at first與first of all：1）first可以做副詞，意思是「首先，第一次，最初地」，指第一次做某事或首先做某事，first還可以用作形容詞，意思是「第一的，最初的，主要的，一流的」，first作名詞，意思是「首要，第一，最初」2）at first的意思是「起初，當初」，指剛剛開始做某事的時候，暗示後來的情況有所改變3）first of all的意思是「第一，最初，首先」，同first的用法相同，但語氣上比first要強，常常用來加強語氣。
7．true, real: true意思為「真的」「真正的」，強調與實際相符，而不是杜撰的，它與real相對。與to連用，意思是「忠實的」，true用作名詞，與定冠詞the連用，表示「真實，真理」等；real無此意。Real是形容詞，強調客觀存在的「真實」「實在」，不是想像的。
8．above, on,over:三者都有「在…上」之意。1）on表示兩者上下緊貼在一起2）over表示一種直接的垂直概念，但沒有上下緊貼的意思，反義詞為under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念，也無相互緊貼的意思，反義詞是below.
◆unit5 If you go to the party, you』ll have a great time.
知識點：
1． If引導的條件狀語從句：1）構成：if引導的條件狀語從句表示「如果…」。構成形式為「主句+一般將來時時態+if從句+一般現在時態」，或「If從句+一般現在時態，主句+一般將來時態」。2）用法：表示假設或條件
2． half 與half of的用法：1）half the class中的「half」為形容詞，意思「一半的，半個的」2） 「half of+代詞/the+名詞」中的half為名詞，意思為「一半，半個」。當該結構在句子作主語時，謂語動詞必須和該片語中的代詞或名詞保持數的一致。即當代詞或名詞為單數時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式；若所接名詞或代詞為復數，則謂語動詞用復數形式。
3. all the time與always: all the time是個副詞性的短語，意思為「一直」「始終」，表示某一特定階段開始一直到結束，不表示頻度，多置於句末。除此，all the time還有「不斷」的意思；always為表示頻度的副詞，意思為「總是」，表示動作的反復，狀態的繼續，中間沒有間斷，其反義詞為never。它與進行時態連用時，常翻譯成「總是」，「老是」，帶有贊美，厭煩，不滿等感情色彩。
4．Enough的用法：1）enough to do sth表示「足夠…可以做…」2)enough也可以用「for+賓語+to do sth的結構」3）enough修飾名詞時前面不用冠詞4）當主語是代詞時，enough可以作表語。當主語是名詞時，enough不能做表語。
5．Choose的用法：1）choose+名詞 意思為「選擇…」；2）choose+between/from從…中選擇；3）choose to do選擇做某事
6．Exercise的用法：1)運動，鍛煉，是不可數名詞2）體操，練習，是可數名詞。3）動詞，使….運動
7．wear, put on, have on, dress: wear「穿著」「戴著」，表示狀態，是延續性動詞，一般現在時表示經常狀態，現在進行時表示暫時狀態；put on「穿上」「戴上」，表示動作，是非延續性動詞；have on「穿著」「戴著」，表示狀態可以與wear互換；dress「穿上」「穿著」，既表示狀態，也表示動作，既可以作及物動詞，也可以作不及物動詞。Dress作及物動詞，表示「給自己或別人穿（衣服）」，賓語是人，常用被動語態。dress oneself給。。穿衣服。dress up化裝
8．a lot, a lot of與lots of三者都有「許多，很多」的意思。a lot of, lots of一般用於肯定句，後接可數名詞復數或不可數名詞；a lot作名詞時=a lot of thins,作副詞，修飾動詞或形容詞，副詞比較級。