❶ 外研版初三上冊英語語法和短語,,還有全部初中的語法和短語。。分類寫
一、動詞+介詞
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…聽……
3.welcome to…歡迎到……
4.say hello to …向……問好
5.speak to…對……說話
此類短語相當於及物動詞,其後必須帶賓語,但賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之後。
二、動詞+副詞
「動詞+副詞」所構成的短語義分為兩類:
A.動詞(vt.)+副詞
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脫下 3.write down記下
此類短語可以帶賓語,賓語若是名詞,放在副詞前後皆可;賓語若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。
B.動詞(vi)+副詞。
1.come on趕快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in進來 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此類短語屬於不及物動詞,不可以帶賓語。
三、其它類動詞片語
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介詞短語聚焦]
「介詞+名詞/代詞」所構成的短語稱為介詞短語。現將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。
1.in+語言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語言或穿著……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示「在……排/隊/班級/年級」等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示「在上午/下午/傍晚」等一段時間。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示「在書桌/鉛筆盒/卧室里」。
5.in the tree表示「在樹上 (非樹本身所有)」;on the tree表示「在樹上(為樹本身所有)」。
6.in the wall表示「在牆上(凹陷進去)」;on the wall表示「在牆上(指牆的表面)」。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上學)/at home(在家)應注意此類短語中無the。
8.at + 時刻表示鍾點。
9.like this/that表示方式,意為「像……這/那樣」。
10.of短語表示所屬關系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所。
12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為「從……」,後者意為「到……」。
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on ty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one』s bike等。 回答人的補充 2009-06-26 18:22 1.I think…意為「我認為……」,是對某人或某事的看法或態度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don』t think…,2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為「把……給……」,動詞give之後可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb. 3.take sb./ sth. to…意為「把……(送)帶到……」,後常接地點,也可接人。4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為「一個是……;另一個是……」,必須是兩者中。5.Let sb. do sth. 意為「讓某人做某事」,人後應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don』t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let』s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內,後者不包括聽者在內,6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb.with sth.意為「幫助某人做某事」,前者用不定式作賓補,後者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換.7.What about…?/How about…?意為「……怎麼樣?」是用來詢問或徵求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其後須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。8.It』s time to do…/ It』s time for sth. 意為「該做……的時間了」,其中to後須接原形動詞,for後可接名詞或V-ing形式。9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為「喜歡做某事」, 前一種句型側重具體的一次性的動作;後一種句型側重習慣性的動作,10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為「讓某人(不要)做某事」,其中ask sb.後應接動詞不定式,11.show sb. sth. / showsth. to do. 意為「把某物給某人看」,該句型的用法同前面第2點。 12.introce sb. to sb. 意為「把某人介紹給另一人」;introce to sb.則是「向某人作介紹」。[重點短語快速復習]1.kinds of 各種各樣的2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
Mole 1
簡單句:由一個主語(或並列主語)和一個謂語(或並列謂語)構成。
一. 五種基本句型:
1.主語+系動詞+表語 (S+V+P)He is happy.
2.主語+不及物動詞+(狀語) ( S+V ) He is swimming.
3.主語+及物動詞+賓語+(狀語) ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.
4.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,
主語+及物動詞+直接賓語+間接賓語 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.
5.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.
二. 練習:寫出下列句子的基本成分。
1、He likes music very much.
2、The soup tastes salty.
3、She works very hard.
4、My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.
5、My father bought me a computer.
Mole 2
賓語從句:以一個句子作為賓語的復合句。
一. 賓語從句的時態:
主句從句
一般現在時要根據具體情況選擇所需要的時態
一般過去時相應的過去時態
一般過去時客觀真理或自然現象時,從句用一般現在時態
e.g. He says that he is going to the cinema.
He said that he couldn』t finish the work on time.
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
二. 賓語從句的語序:陳述句的語序。
三. 賓語從句的引導詞:
陳述句that (在口語中可省去)
一般疑問句if / whether
特殊疑問句疑問詞 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how)
e.g. He says. He likes painting.---- He says (that) he likes painting.
Is he American? He asked ---- He asked if / whether he was American.
Where is the cinema? I don』t know ---- I don』t know where the cinema is.
四. 練習:把下列句子改為賓語從句。
1.The story is very interesting. (he said)
2.What did you say? ( I didn』t hear)
3.Where does he come from. (I want to know)
4.Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)
5.Has she seen the film? (I don』t know)
6.How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)
7.He is playing computer games. (he says)
8.They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)
Mole 3
動詞不定式(to do)和動名詞(v-ing)
有些動詞後面需加to do或-ing來把意思補充完整。接to do的單詞多為 「打算」、「計劃」、「希望」之類的動詞,而這些動詞都表示未來。接-ing形式的動詞要麼表示是正在進行,要麼表示一般性或經常性行為。有的動詞既可以接to do,也可以接-ving。
一. 接to do的動詞有:want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。
二. 接-ing的動詞有:feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。
三. 既可以接to do,也可以接-ving的動詞有:hate, like, love, begin, start(意思一樣),remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on(意思不一樣)等。
四. 練習:用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1.Would you like _____________ (have) a cup of tea?
2.I』m very tired, let』s stop _____________ (have) a rest.
3.I asked why he smiled, but he couldn』t remember _________________ (smile) at me.
4.He wants _____________ (buy) a new bike.
5.You must keep _______________ (practice) ______________ (speak) English every day.
6.Have you finished _____________ (read) the book?
7.I decide ______________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.
8.My sister enjoys _______________ (listen) to music.
9.He learnt ______________ (swim) all by himself.
10.My father agreed ____________ (buy) me a computer.
11.I forgot _____________ (close) the door yesterday.
12.I hate ______________ (lose).
13.The teacher is coming, we stop _____________. (talk)
14.We tried ______________ (finish) the work on time.
15.Sally refused ______________ (play) ring the final practice.
16.He offers ____________ (help) me with the work.
17.She can』t afford ______________ (buy) a dictionary.
18.I hope _____________ (go) abroad.
19.Da Wei asked ____________ (play) the computer game on my father』s computer.
20.He started _______________ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.
Mole 4-5
一.由if引導的條件狀語從句 (如果...)
1.句子結構
主句 + if從句. If從句, 主句.
2.時態變化
主句從句
一般將來時 will won』t一般現在時 v. don』t + v. v.-s doesn』t + v.
啟使句 v. Don』t + v.
e.g.:
If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.
=
If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.
=
If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.
=
=She should , or
二. 感嘆句 (多......啊!)
1.What + a/an/... + adj. + n. (+ 主語 + be)!
(+ 從句)
e.g.: clean classroom it !
honest kid Tom !
terrible news this !
fantastic concerts they !
funny place we went yesterday!
2. How + adj. + 主語 (the + n. /人名/代詞) + be!
How + adv. + 主語 + v.!
How + adj./adv. + 從句!
e.g.: 改寫上面的句子.
❷ 整個初中外研版英語知識
人稱代詞里的:主格放在句首做主語和表語,賓格放在句末或句中做動詞和介詞的賓語.
打個比方,主人邀請賓客,主格就像主人,賓格就像賓客。主格在動詞前面,賓格在動詞或介詞後面。
英語中的人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)有主格、賓格和之分,如:
I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。
顧名思義,主格(The nominative case)用作主語,賓格(The objective case)用作賓語,所有格(The possessive case)則表示所有之物。
在實際運用中,主格和賓格代詞有時會混淆。下面是常見的問題:
⒈在復合結構里,人稱代詞的主格和賓格在單獨使用時,沒有問題,如很少人會犯下這樣的錯誤:
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what had happened.
但在復合結構中,錯誤就難免了,如:
*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*(4)He and her knew what had happened.
*(5)This is between you and he.
這種錯誤是可避免的。第一,在有介詞的復合結構中,特別要注意,第二個人稱代詞,必須用賓語,如:"for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二,試把復合結構中的另一部分暫時用括弧圍起來,那麼該用的格就容易辨別了,如:
(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.
(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
顯然的,(5)里的代詞是賓格的"me", (6)里的代詞是主格的"he"。
⒉在比較結構里,連接詞"as"或"than"後面,按理用主格式,但在口語中,人們常用賓格形式,學美式英語者,更是如此:
(8)a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)兩種說法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"後頭分句的主語和詞動都要完整出現的話,這時的人稱代詞,就必須是主格,如下:
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外,還有一點要注意,就是"as"和"than"後面雖然在語法上用主格好,用賓格也可,但是有時意思會有所不同。試比較(a)和(b):
(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等於(13)a,而(12)b等於(13)B:
(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
顯然,這兩句的深層意思大有差別。遇到這種情形,為了避免誤解,不妨根據要表達的意思用完整的句式表達出來。換句話說,必要的話,要用(13)這句子。
不然,把(13)a變成(14), (13)b變成(15)也可:
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
回答者: 藕粉粉 - 見習魔法師 二級 7-3 21:59
賓格和主格是對人稱代詞的分類。
人稱代詞的包括:
主格: 我I we 你/你們you 他he 她she
它it 他們/她們/它們they
賓格: 我me 我們us 你/你們you 他him 她her 它it 他們/她們/它們them
主格在句子中可以作主語,賓格在句中則作賓語。
參考資料:http://..com/question/2858744.html
❸ 初中英語外研版的語法重點題
leave sb by oneself 獨自留下某人
needn't=don't have to 不需
it's+形容詞+to do sth
make sb do sth 讓某人做某事
let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得開心
tell sb (not)to do sth 告訴某人做某事
ask sb (not)to do sth 詢問某人做某事
be(not)+形容詞+enouth+to do sth
be+too+形容詞+to do sth
take care of=look after 照顧
each+of 固定搭配
as soon as 一……就
want,agree,ask,begin,decided,listen,hope,learn
以上詞語後跟to do sth
finish,enjoy,keep,mind,miss,practise
以上詞語後跟doing sth
stop,forget,remember
以上詞語後可跟to do sth也可跟doing sth。比如「forget to do sth」意思是「忘記去做某事(表示事情還沒做)」,「forget doing sth」則表示「忘了做過某事(表示事情已經做了)」,如此類推,其餘兩個用法相同。
see sb doing sth 看見某人正在做某事
see sb do sth 看見過某人做某事
make it+形容詞+to do sth
enjoy/help/teach+oneself 靠自己
reach=get to=arrive in/at 註:arrive in表示到達較大的地方,比如一個國家,一座城市等;arrive at表示到達較小的地方,如學校,電影院等。
have been to 曾經去過某地(現在已經回來了)
have been in 一直在某地(現在仍在某地)
have gone to 去了某地(現在正在去的途中,還沒回來)
現在完成時:have(has)+動詞過去分詞
look forword to+動詞ing
diveded into 把……分成
a little=a bit of 一點點
too……to+動詞原形
現在完成時的動詞短語變化:
began→be on
come/arrive→be here
go/leave→be away
buy→have
die→be dead
borrow→keep
join→be a member(in)
in+一段時間 表示將來
將來時表達形式:be going to do sth=will do sth=be doing sth
do one's best = try one's best 盡力去做某事
afraid to +動詞
afraid of +名詞
use to do sth 過去常做某事
didn't use to do = usen't to do 過去不做某事
no longer = not any longer 現在不做某事
fill with = be full of 裝滿
go to bed 上床去睡覺
go to sleep 入睡
fall asleep 從上床到入睡的全過程(動態)
be asleep 睡著(靜態)
on+具體某天的早上/下午/晚上
make out of 用……做出
a bit + 形容詞
a bit of + 名詞
a few (用於可數名詞肯定句)
few (用於可數名詞否定句)
a little (用於不可數名詞肯定句)
little (用於不可數名詞否定句)
many (用於可數名詞)
much (用於不可數名詞)
bit (可數與不可數兩者均可)
one 一個
ones 復數
another 另外一個
the other 兩個裡面剩下的一個,表單數
others (除了一部分)其中的一部分
the others 剩下所有的,表復數
other+名詞
fall asleep = stay awake 熬夜
did(not)……until 知道……才(不)做
常用句型:
both...and 兩者都
neither...nor 兩者都不
either...or 不是……就是,表示兩者選擇其中一者
❹ 初中英語語法(外研版)總結
初中語法基本一樣,都要掌握新課標規定的語法內容,推薦樓主看一下奧風英語的 中學語法三劍客。中學語法三劍客分中考版和高考版。中考版包括 中考語法完全突破 視頻教程,記憶大綱,和《精編中考語法專項練習》,三件一套,大綱供背誦記憶,練習供運用鞏固,學記練一體,全面系統,配套完善,可以說是目前公認最好的語法資料了。不過是否適合自己還是要親自看下才知道。網路 中考語法完全突破 即可在線收看。
❺ 初三外研版英語語法知識點
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你為什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?
該句相當於:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best? (所有顏色)
你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范圍)
你最喜愛哪一種顏色?
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:
Which pictures are from China?
哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,經常)
sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.
大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天經常在7:10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day 作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。 ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。 (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice. (通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中。如:
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中。如:
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中。如:
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面。如:
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下結構中:
enjoy doing sth 樂於做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:
man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的。如:
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和復數名詞。如:
man(單數)---men(復數) banana(單數)---bananas(復數)
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞。如:
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語為第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式。如:
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
回答人的補充 2009-09-01 16:48 Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名詞的復數構成的幾種形式
名詞復數的構成可分為規則變化和不規則變化兩種。
I 名詞復數的規則變化
1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如:
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結尾的名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o結尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞,將-y變為-i,再加-es。如:
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe結尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變為-v,再加-es。如:
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是:
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名詞復數的不規則變化
1.將-oo改為--ee。如:
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.將-man改為-men。如:
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加詞尾。如:
child---children
4.單復數同形。如:
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示「某國人」的單、復數變化。即「中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加後面」。如:
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 雙寫最後一個字母的-ing分詞
初中階段常見的有以下這些:
1.let→letting 讓
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘記
put→putting 放
set→setting 設置
babysit→babysitting 臨時受雇照顧嬰兒
2.shop→shopping 購物
trip→tripping 絆
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放棄
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅遊
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 開始
prefer→preferring 寧願
plan→planning 計劃
15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞
1.some變為any。如:
There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中,some可以不變。如:
Would you like some orange juice?
與此相關的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進行相應變化。
2.and變為or。如:
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)變為many或much。如:
They have a lot of friends.(可數名詞)
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可數名詞)
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already變為yet。如:
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
16) in與after
in 與 after 都可以表示時間,但二者有所區別。
1.in 經常用於將來時的句子中,以現在為起點,表示將來一段時間。如:
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周後他會動身去北京。
2.after 經常用於過去時的句子中,以過去為起點,表示過去一段時間。如:
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周後他動身去了北京。
不過,如果after後跟的是具體的時刻,它也可用於將來時。如:
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十點後我們會完成工作的。
3.注意區分以下的in的用法。
I'll visit him in a week.
一周後我會去拜訪他。
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周內我會去拜訪他兩次。
17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用
1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如:
There is a "b" in the word "book".
單詞book中有個字母b。
類似的字母還有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
2.an 用於以母音音素開頭的單詞前。如:
There is an "i" in the word "onion".
單詞onion中有個字母i。
類似的字母還有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨傘嗎?
3.以母音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表達英語中的「穿、戴」?
英語中表示「穿、戴」的表達方法有好幾種,常見的有以下這些:
1、put on 主要表達「穿」的動作。如:
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示「穿、戴」的狀態。如:
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物動詞,有「給......穿衣」的意思,後接「人」,而不是「衣服」。如:
Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物動詞,表示衣著的習慣。如:
The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿著的狀態。如:
John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)
a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有「一些、少量」的意義。他們的區別在哪裡呢?
1. a little 意為「一些、少量」,後接不可數名詞。如:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點水。
還可以接形容詞。如:
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意為「一些、少數」,後接復數的可數名詞。如:
There are a few people in the room. 房間里有一些人。
3. a bit 意為「一點兒」,後接形容詞。如:
It's a bit cold. 有點冷。
a bit of 後接不可數名詞。如:
He has a bit of money. 他有一點兒錢。
4. a little 表肯定意義,little 表否定意義;a few 表肯定意義,few 表否定意義。如:
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一點兒汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國朋友。
Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他。
5. a little = a bit of, 後接不可數名詞;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 後接形容詞,意為「有點兒」。
20) 關於like的用法
like 可以作動詞,也可以作介詞。
1、like 作動詞,表示一般性的「愛好、喜歡」,有泛指的含義。如:
Do you like the color?你喜愛這種顏色嗎?
like 後可接不定式(like to do sth),也可接動詞的-ing分詞(like doing sth),有時意思不盡相同。如:
She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果。(習慣)
She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果。(平常不喜歡吃)
like 與 would 連用,後接不定式,表示願望或客氣的請求。如:
Would you like a cup of tea?您願意喝杯茶嗎?
「喜歡某人做某事」可以用結構「like sb to do sth/doing sth」。如:
They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌。
2、like 作介詞,可譯成「像......」。如:
She is friendly to us like a mother.她對我們友好,就像母親一樣。
It looks like an orange.它看起來像個桔子。
3、區分以下句子:
A. What does he look like?
B. What is he like?
A句譯為「他長相如何?」指一個人的外貌特徵;而B句譯為「他人怎麼樣?」指人的性格特點。
C. The boy like Peter is over there.
D. A boy like Peter can't do it.
A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似。
21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意為「停下來去做某事」。如:
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
學生們停下來去聽他們老師講話。
2. stop doing sth 意為「停止做某事」。如:
The students stopped talking. 學生們停止了談話。
與它們相反的句式是:go on to do sth 「繼續做某事(與剛才一事不同)」和 go on doing sth 「繼續做某事(與剛才同一件事)」。如:
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作業,接著繼續去念英語。
They went on playing games. 他們繼續玩游戲。
不定冠詞a與an的使用
1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如:
There is a "b" in the word "book".
單詞book中有個字母b。
類似的字母還有:c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀。
2.an 用於以母音音素開頭的單詞前。如:
There is an "i" in the word "onion".
單詞onion中有個字母i。
類似的字母還有:a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨傘嗎?
3.以母音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an;以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如:
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表達英語中的「穿、戴」?
英語中表示「穿、戴」的表達方法有好幾種,常見的有以下這些:
1、put on 主要表達「穿」的動作。如:
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。
2、wear 主要表示「穿、戴」的狀態。如:
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。
3、dress 可作及物動詞,有「給......穿衣」的意思,後接「人」,而不是「衣服」。如:
Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。
dress 也可作不及物動詞,表示衣著的習慣。如:
The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。
4、be in 表示穿著的狀態。如:
John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)
a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有「一些、少量」的意義。他們的區別在哪裡呢?
1. a little 意為「一些、少量」,後接不可數名詞。如:
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點水。
還可以接形容詞。如:
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。
2. a few 意為「一些、少數」,後接復數的可數名詞。如:
There are a few people in the room. 房間里有一些人。
3. a bit 意為「一點兒」,後接形容詞。如:
It's a bit cold. 有點冷。
a bit of 後接不可數名詞。如:
He has a bit of money. 他有一點兒錢。
4. a little 表肯定意義,little 表否定意義;a few 表肯定意義,few 表否定意義。如:
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一點兒汽水。
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國朋友。
Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他。
5. a little = a bit of, 後接不可數名詞;
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 後接形容詞,意為「有點兒」。
❻ 初中外研版英語復習提綱
牛津初中英語7BUnit1片語、句型及語法復習提綱.doc
牛津初中英語7BUnit1片語、句型及語法復習提綱.doc英語語法基本句型,初中英語語法句型牛津初中英語7BUnit1片語、句型及語法復習提綱.doc
牛津初中英語7BUnit1片語、句型及語法復習提綱(67.5K).doc
...... Unit 1片語、句型及語法復習提綱一、片語或短語序號 Chinese English 1 住在宮殿里 live in a palace 2 住在餐館旁 live next to a restaurant 3 最大的一個 ...英語語法 句型,牛津小學英語3a句型...... Unit 1片語、句型及語法復習提綱一、片語或短語序號 Chinese English 1 住在宮殿里 live in a palace 2 住在餐館旁 live next to a restaurant 3 最大的一個 ...
牛津初中英語7BUnit4片語、句型及語法復習提綱.doc
牛津初中英語7BUnit4片語、句型及語法復習提綱.doc英語語法基本句型,初中英語語法句型牛津初中英語7BUnit4片語、句型及語法復習提綱.doc
初中英語7BUnit2片語、句型及語法復習提綱(67.5K).doc
...... Unit 2片語、句型及語法復習提綱一、片語或短語序號 Chinese English 1 歡迎來到陽光鎮 Welcome to sunshine town 2 一聽狗食 A tin of dog food 3 我餓了 I ...英語語法 句型,語文語法句型...... Unit 2片語、句型及語法復習提綱一、片語或短語序號 Chinese English 1 歡迎來到陽光鎮 Welcome to sunshine town 2 一聽狗食 A tin of dog food 3 我餓了 I ...
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