Ⅰ 英語中考知識點
1、 as…as…結構:
You』re a boy as good as Tom.=You』re as good a boy as Tom.
你和湯姆是一樣好的孩子。
Ⅱ 問幾個中考英語語法知識點
1.in+時間段
意思是在一段時候後
on+具體時間on
sunday
morning
at+時間點
at
8:00
a.m.in
the
afternoon
on+形容詞+afternoon
in
afternoon
of
in
july
on
chritmas
eve2.other
形容詞+名詞復數
others名詞
the
other
另一個(one ....
the
othery一個....另一個)
the
others「其他的」是名詞
特指3.raise及物動詞
rise不及物動詞4.what
+a/an+
形容詞+名詞what
+形容詞+不可數名詞或可數名詞復數how
+形容詞或副詞how
+主語+謂語。eg:how
time
flies!時光飛逝5.by
car
6.就近原則7.widely
terribly加油中考
Ⅲ 中考英語重點語法點有哪些具體一點,謝謝
初中知識點巧記
英語學習
動詞為綱「滾雪球」 難易編組抓循環
同類歸納印象深 圖示介詞最直觀
混淆多因形音義 反義詞語成對念
構詞方法不可忘 習慣用語集中練
詞不離句法最好 課外閱讀莫間斷
be 的用法口訣
我用am,你用are,is連著他,她,它;
單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are。
變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。
變否定,更容易,be後not莫忘記。
疑問否定任你變,句首大寫莫遲疑。
時間名詞前所用介詞的速記歌
年月周前要用in,日子前面卻不行。
遇到幾號要用on,上午下午又是in。
要說某日上下午,用on換in才能行。
午夜黃昏須用at,黎明用它也不錯。
at也用在明分前,說「差」可要用上to,
說「過」只可使用past,多說多練牢牢記,
莫讓歲月空蹉跎。
記住f(e)結尾的名詞復數
妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷嚇得發了慌;
躲在架後保己命,半片樹葉遮目光。
巧記48個國際音標
單母音共十二,四二六前中後。
雙母音也好背,合口集中八個整。
輔音共計二十八,八對一清又七濁,
四個連對也包括。有氣無聲清輔音,
有聲無氣濁輔音,發音特點應掌握。
非謂語動詞的一些特殊用法後只接不定式作賓語的一些常用特殊謂語動詞
動詞後,不定式,want, hope和wish,
agree, decide, mean, manage, promise,
expect, pretend,且說兩位算在此,
要記牢,要記住,掌握它們靠自己。英語學習小竅門
後接動詞不定式做賓語補足語省略不定式符號「to」的一些常用特殊動詞
一些動詞要掌握,have, let和make,
此三動詞是使役,「注意」「觀察」「聽到」see,
還有feel和watch,使用它們要仔細,
後接「賓補」略去「to」,此點千萬要牢記
除此之外,還可以掌握「八字言」,
一感feel,二聽hear, listen to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch
後只接動名詞做賓語的一些常用特殊動詞
特殊動詞接「動名」,使用它們要記清,
「放棄」「享受」可「後悔」,
「堅持」「練習」必「完成」,
「延期」「避免」非「介意」
掌握它們今必行。
動名詞在句中的功能及其它
「動名」語法其功能,名詞特徵有動、形,主賓表定都可作,「動名」、「現分」要認清,「現分」不作「賓」和「主」,
動名作「狀」可不行。二詞皆可作定語,混為一談不允許,主謂關系視分詞,「動名」一詞無此義。
現在分詞形式及在句子中的作用(包括過去分詞的作用):
現在分詞真好記,動詞後面ING。它的作用真不小,可以充當定狀表。
還有賓語補足語,忘記此項不可以。
分詞做定語的位置及其它
「定分」位置有二條,詞前詞後定分曉。
單個分詞在詞前,有時此規有顛倒。
分詞短語在詞後,「定從」和它互對照。
「現分」動作進行時,「過分」動作完成了。
(註:「定分」:做定語的分詞;「定從」:定語從句;「現分」:現在分詞;「過分」:過去分詞。)
分詞做狀語在句子中所表示的意義
分詞做狀語,概有七意義。「
時間」和「原因」,「結果」與「目的」。
「方式」加「伴隨」,「條件」常出席。
且談其主語,謂語頭前的*。
欲要記住它,必須常練習。(*指句子的主語)
獨立主格結構
獨立結構要認清:名、代之後副或形。
或是分詞或「介短」,with結構不可輕,
名代二詞是其「主」,句子結構必分明
獨立結構好掌握 句中作用只一個:
千變萬化皆做「狀」,其中意義也不多。
「時間」「條件」和「原因」,「方式」「伴隨」沒別的。
「狀從」和其前三個,可以互變不難學。
英語分數巧記
英語分數不費事,「母序子基」四個字。
分子若是大於一,分母還須加-s。
字母「oo」讀音歌
「oo」發[u:]最常見,非重音中要短念。
字母「k」前不能長,「好腳站木羊毛」短。
「血」與「水災」真特殊,「oo」讀[Λ]細分辨。
「oo」加「r」讀作[ ],「poor」讀[ ]好可憐。
註:「好腳站木」即:good,foot,stood,wood
第二句也可以是:「d、k之前oo短,「foot」、「food」恰相反。
1.長音:bloom,boot,cool,foot,moon,root,school,soon,too,troop,room,zoo
2.弱讀短:classroom,schoolroom,workroom,bedroom,boyhood
3.k前短:book,brook,cook,look,shook,took
4.[ ]:door,floor
「I Drop Caps」
在某些表示請求、命令、建議等動詞後面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞要用動詞原形或should+動詞原形。
I—insist, d—denand, r—request/require/recommend, o—order, p—propo巧辨只在一言中
1.Her elder sister is three years older than she.
她姐姐比她大三歲。
2.He looked around,but saw nothing.
他環顧四周,什麼也沒看見。
3.He listened,but could hear nothing.
他側耳細聽,什麼也沒聽到。
4.The old man raised his head,facing the rising sun.
老人抬起頭,面對冉冉升起的太陽。
5.He is very interested in the interesting film.
se, c—command, a—advise, p—preqersic, s—suggest
他對那個有趣的片子很感興趣。
6.He received his invitation but didn't accept it.
他收到了請柬,但沒有接受。
7.Will you lend me the book you borrowed from the library yesterday?
把你昨天從圖書館借的那本書給我看看好嗎?
8.They planted a few trees,but few of them are alive.
他們種了幾棵樹,但沒幾棵成活的。
9.He asked me for a little ink,but I had little myself.
他向我要一點墨水,可我自己的墨水也沒多少。
10.Do you speak everyday English every day?
你天天講日常英語嗎?
11.Sometimes I spend some time on novels.
有時,我花點時間看小說。
12.Eleetricety was not discovered by Edison,but he invented the electric light.
電不是愛迪生發現的,但他發明了電燈。
13.Nothing is permitted,everything is allowed.
一切都有不(明文)准許,但也不(明文)禁止。
14.Both of them went out but neither came back.
他們兩個人都出去了,但一個也沒回來。
15.English is fairly useful,but it is rather difficult to learn.
英語相當有用,但相當難學。
巧記英文信封的寫法
A.可以記住漢字「尖」字,先寫小地名,再寫大地名。
B.將豎式漢文寫法的信封,按順時針方向旋至水平位置。這樣,地址的排列順序恰巧是英文信封的書寫格式。
巧記家庭成員
爹father 娘mother 哥哥弟弟brother 姐姐妹妹sister.
long before 和before long
long 在前(long before),「很久前」, long在後(before long),「不久後」。
巧記lie和lay
躺 lie,lay,lain,lie in bed again;
撒謊 lie,lied,lied,don't be a liar;
產蛋 lay,laid,laid,a hen laid an egg;
放置 A loy picked it up,and laid it in the bag.
開、閉音節歌
開音節,音節開,
一元字母在後排;
不怕一輔堵後門,
還有啞e在門外。
(拍手念)a,e,o,u,i
就讀a,e,o,u,i
閉音節,音節閉,
一元字母生悶氣;
輔音字母堵後門,
一元字母音短急。
(拍手念)a,e,o,u,i
要讀[ ]
out of question和out of the question
無the「無問題」,(毫無疑問)
有the「有問題」,(不可能)
ie和ei歌
e-i和i-e,兩者都可讀作[i:]
i總要走在前,除非前面是個c
(ceiling,believe,field,receive,piece)
基數詞變序數詞歌
基變序,有規律
詞尾加上-ed(fourth,sixth)
一、二、三,特殊例,
結尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third)
八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth)
ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth)
ty將y改成i,
th前面有個e。
若是碰到幾十幾,
前用基來後用序。
巧記以-o結尾加-es的詞
A.「兩人兩菜」(hero,negro,potato,tomato)
B.一句話 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes
C。有生命的加Es,無生命的加-s.
巧記不規則名詞單變復
男女腳步牙鵝,老鼠加虱婆。
man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.
WITHSPEM
有些動詞用過去完成時,常表示「想做而未做」的意思。可巧記其首字為組成的
「withspem」,代表:wish,intend,think,hope,suppose,plan,expect,mean
Fanboys
要求前後 對稱的詞語,包括可有並列連詞,其中最常見的是for,and,nor,but,or,get,so 為了便於記憶,可將其首字母連成「fanboys」.(此外,還有both...and,neither...nor,not only...but also,以及表示比較的詞語than,as...as,not so ...as,prefer...to,nather than等
從句之要素
從語法結構的角度看,任何從句都有三個要素,即時態與主句要響應,關聯詞使用要恰當,主要結構不倒裝。
規則動詞加Ed的讀音
清讀[t],濁元[d]
t、d後面讀[id]
一句話記名詞所有格的構成分式和用法
The children's teacher asked a friend of tom's to bring him some students' books on the first day of the month.
一句話記清輔音濁化
Some youths are walking along the paths to have baths in the houses with something in their mouths.
加-ing要雙寫的常見動詞
一個m,兩個d和g
(swim) (nod,rid) (dig,beg)
三n,四p,十個t
(run,win,begin)
(dip,drop,mop,stop)
(sit,hit,fit,set,get,let,put,regret,forget,pat)
(下加線的詞,構成過去式、過去分詞時,也須雙寫尾字母)
五種基本句型歌
英語句子萬萬千,五大句型把線牽。
句型種類為動詞,後接什麼是關鍵;
系詞後面接表語;vi獨身無牽連;
vt又可分三類,單賓雙賓最常見,
還有賓語補足語;各種搭配記心間。
五種基本句型:
1.主語+系動詞+表語
2.主語+不及物動詞
3.主語+及物動詞+賓語
4.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語
5.主語+及物動詞+賓語1+賓語2
對劃線部分提問的程序
一代(用疑問詞代替劃線部分),
二移(把疑問詞移至句首)
三倒(顛倒主謂語,但對主語或其定語提問時除外)
四抄(照抄其它部分)
直接引語轉換為間接引語時人稱代詞轉換規律
一從主 He said to Tom,「I can help them.」
He said to Tom that he could help them.
二從賓 He said to her,「You can help them.」
He told her that she could help them.
三不變 He said to Tom,「They can help them.」
He told Tom that they could help them.
祈使句變為間接引語的規律
一改 (主句謂語動詞)
二變 (呼語為間接賓語)
三加 (to)
四去 (please)
不帶to的不定式作賓補
不定式,不帶to,九個動詞要記住,
一聽(hear)二看(see,watch)三感覺(feel,notice,observe),make,let和have;
作賓補,是禿頭;當主補時要帶to.
before和ago巧記
before帶在點之前,ago總在段之後。
before時態不確定,過去時中用ago。
be在現在時中與人稱的搭配
我是am,你是are,is跟隨著他,她,它。
復數後面用什麼,統統都是一個are。
肯定句變疑問句口訣
「是,情,助」,移向前,
主語其後把身安,
一般,現在,與過去,
do,does,did添在前,再改謂語為原形。
最後要把問號點。
be made of 和be made from 巧記
物質不變用of,物質變化from,如果物質不明白,可問君自何處來?
要求跟隨動名詞的動詞
(1)「megafeps」(霉咖啡不吃),mind,miss,enjoy,give up,admit,avoid,finish,escape,practise.
(2)「makes (a) fit speach」mind,Avoid,keep,Enjoy,Suggest/Finish,Imagine,Think about,Spend,Practise,Excuse,escape,Can't help
要求跟不定式的動詞
「要想干,同意辦,願意不願意,決定盡量干。」
A要求,想要,希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)
B同意(agree,promise)
C意願(care,hate,refuse)
D決定,企圖(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage)
要求跟不定式作賓補的動詞
(1)勸教命請叫(advise,teach,order,command,ask,tell)
(2)允許又警告(allow,permit,warn)
(3)使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)
(4)知覺動詞妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)<省卻to>
既跟動名詞也跟不定式的動詞
begin,start,continue,forget,remember,regret,intend,like,love,hate,try,mean.
用不定式和動名詞造成的意義上的差別歸為五點:
不定式 動名詞
A)某一具體行動 指一般的、經常的情況
B)表示主語和賓語的動作 可能表示任何人的動作
C)主動 被動
D)未發生的事 已發生的事
E)短暫的或可能進行的事 延續的或重復發生的事
She hated to talk about people's shortcomings.
She hate talking about people's shortcomings.
She wants to repair the desk.
常見的要求跟動名詞作賓語,跟不定式作賓語的動詞有:
advise,forbid,understand,suppose,consider,allow,permit.連接首字母即為A Fu's Cap(阿福的帽子)
阿福的帽子,代表七動詞,賓補不定式,賓語動名詞
Ex.—What is it that they permit?
—Some old magazines.
A.taking away B.being taken away
C.to take away D.to be taken away
Ⅳ 初中英語語法大全 中考版
初中英語語法知識難點整理
英語語法知識難點(一)
(一) 形容詞和副詞
I. 要點
A. 形容詞
1、 形容詞的用法
形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補,有時還可作狀語。:
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時,謂語通常用復數形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序:
冠詞+序數詞+基數詞+性質狀態(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如:
the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容詞比較等級的形式
(1) 規則形式
一般說來,單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在後加-er; --est 來構成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more, most.如:
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2) 不規則形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容詞比較等級的用法
①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級+than. 如:
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示兩者以上的比較,用"the +形容詞最高級(+名詞)+of(in) …"如:
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示兩者是同等程度,用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如:
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎麼贊揚這個老師也不過分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我擔心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英語和你的英語都不怎麼樣。
B.副詞
1、 副詞的種類
(1) 時間副詞 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
(2) 地點副詞 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
(3) 方式副詞 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副詞 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副詞比較等級的用法
其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如:
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副詞在用法上的區別
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已經發生,主要用於肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生,主要用於否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行,主要用於肯定句和疑問句,有時也可用於否定句。如:
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用於肯定句和疑問句,too和as well多用於口語,一般放在句末,而also多用於書面語,一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用於否定句和否定的疑問句,往往放在句末。如:
He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意為"最近、近來",late意為"晚、遲"。如:
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
II. 例題
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建築物的高用high,並且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞後面。因此該題選B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+… , the +形容詞比較級+…"意為越…,越…。該句意為:吃的葯越多,我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用於肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用於否定句中,意為"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析:該題正確答案為B。A. deep用於副詞時,修飾具體的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。
(二) 介詞
I. 要點
1、介詞和種類
(1) 簡單介詞,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 復合介詞,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系
(1) 和動詞的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容詞的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名詞的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
(1) at, on, in(表時間)
表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指長於或短於一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between僅用於二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用於三者或三者以上之間。如:
He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指動物或人在樹上,而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
II. 例題
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B兩項except等於but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析:我們均知道,at night這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正確答案為A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。
(三) 連詞
I. 要點
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 並列連詞用來連接並列關系的詞、短語或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外,還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句),關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和,並且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和, 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是,而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要麼…要麼…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因為
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而,可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者,否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此,所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因為
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當…時候,而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while後不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因為
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一…就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那裡)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析:該題意為:John踢足球如果不比David好的話,那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析:該處意為"然而",只有while有此意思,故選D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析:該處意為"或者",正確答案為C。
英語語法知識難點(二)
(四)動詞時態、語態
I. 要點
1、 一般現在時
(1) 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態,常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如:
Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如:
The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用,表一種經常反復的動作,常含有某種情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去,對現在仍有影響,或動作一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去,常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:
It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如:
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被動語態
被動語態的時態,以give為例。
(六)短語動詞
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當於及物動詞,有的相當於不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種:
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如:
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:
You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給,暴露)和 give up(放棄,停止)
put away(放起,收起)和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席,放大)和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止)和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造,補上)和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫,起飛)和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析:該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續";give away意為"分發";lay up"貯藏"。
例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析:該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞,意為"保持聯系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析:該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
(七)動詞不定式
I. 要點
1、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主語,而不定式置於謂語動詞後。如:
It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語
通常用於want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞後。如:
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語
不定式作定語時,須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞後。如:
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補
通常用於want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞後。如:
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑問詞+不定式"結構。 如:
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如:
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 結構。如:
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了,樂意去)
(12)主動表被動。如:
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例題
例1 I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析:該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語,修飾名詞chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關系",所以不定式必須是及物動詞,故此處on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____.
A go B gone C going D to go
解析:該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析:該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。
(八)動名詞
I. 要點
動名詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有名詞的句法功能。
1、 動名詞的形式,以write為例。
否定式 not +動名詞
2、 動名詞的用法
(1) 作主語
Playing football is my favorite sport.
Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.
作主語的動名詞結構復雜且長時,可用it作形式主語。如:
It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.
(2) 作賓語
I enjoy playing PC game.
He gave up writing five years ago.
(3) 作表語
What he hated most was doing nothing.
Seeing is believing.
動名詞作表語時,句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。
(4) 作定語
There's a dining room in my school.
All the people watching laughed.
(5) 動名詞的復合結構"物主代詞(或名詞的所有格)+動名詞"。如:
Tom's going home late made her mother angry.
Would you mind my opening the window?
不過,動名詞的邏輯主語在遇到以下情況時,必須用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞的賓格)。
①無生命名詞
The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.
Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.
②有生命名詞,但表泛指。
Have you ever heard of girls smoking?
③兩個以上的有生命的名詞並列。
Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?
3.後面常接動名詞的動詞和短語
mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,
keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,
be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,
can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,
look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,
devote to doing, lead to doing
II.例題
例1 She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
A going B to go C for going D went
解析:該題正確答案為A。 feel like = want, 此處like 為介詞,後面要接名詞或動名詞作賓語
例2 The garden needs ____.
A water B watering C to water D watered
解析:該題正確答案為B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主語,此三者後要接動名詞或to be done這一結構作賓語。
例3 Excuse me ____ you.
A interrupting B to interrupt
C interrupted D to have interrupted
解析:該題正確答案為A。excuse 後接動名詞作賓語,此句中的me為動名詞的邏輯主語(常用於口語中)。
(九)分詞
I. 要點
分詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。它分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩類。現在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在於現在分詞有一般式和完成式,過去分詞則只有一般式。現在分詞表動作正在進行,表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經完成,表被動。過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經完成,表主動。
Ⅳ 中考英語所有需要掌握的語法知識點資料
英語是需要積累的。多聽些英文歌曲,不要因為聽不懂就不聽了。多讀一些英語文章什麼的。培養語感也很重要。我建議你多看些《新概念英語》什麼的,對提高英語很有幫助的。建立錯題本很重要,時不時的拿出來看下,並總結經驗。
Ⅵ 中考英語重點語法,句型
一、常使用動詞不定式的短語
1、It』s time to do sth.\ It』s time for sth
該作某事的時候了.
2、can』t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask (telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告訴某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 應該作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…時要做/與…無關
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 發覺作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧願作某事,而不願作某事
10、It』s +adj. for sb. to do sth.作某事對某人來說…
11、It』s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. st. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些時間二、常用動名詞的短語
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 繼續做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practice doing sth. 練習作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事
6、be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅長作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.….怎麼樣(好嗎)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 為…感謝某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、被用來作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花時間作某時
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙於作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某時
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡…勝過…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 習慣作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人作某事 三、省略動詞不定式的短語
1、一看二聽三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don』t you/ not do sth.為什麼不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
請你(不)作某事好嗎?四、同義詞比較
1、stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.忘記/記得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth. 忘記記得曾經做過某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 過去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用來作某事
be used to doing sth. 習慣於作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語
…也一樣
So +主語+be/助動詞/ 情態動詞
是呀,表示贊同別人的觀點
Neither + be /助動詞/ 情態動詞+主語
…也不一樣(用於否定句)
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It』s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn』t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此…以致…
such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(從句) 如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (對某人來說)做某事(不)夠
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can』t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can』t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.五、常考知識點
1、keep +adj. 保持…狀態
keep (sb.) doing sth.
繼續做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It』s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make + n. 使某人成為
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don』t think that 我認為…不
eg. I don』t think you are right.
4、It』s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般過去時… 自從…以來有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by/ What does .. mean?
是什麼意思?
eg. What do you mean by 「computer」?/What does 「computer」mean?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你認為…怎麼樣?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎麼樣?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It』s said/ reported that… 據說/據報道
eg. It』s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(兩者都不)
either…or…要麼…要麼/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三個詞做主語時,要用就近原則
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 兩者都不
either of 兩者選一
none of 沒有一個
以上三個做主語時,謂語動詞用單數
All of 全部 Both of 兩者都
以上二個做主語時,謂語動詞用復數
12、比較級+ than +any other +名詞單數
…比其餘任何一個…
比較級+ than + the other+名詞復數
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city/the other cities in China.
13、When(當…的時候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)這幾個詞引導的時間或條件狀語從句時,主句要用一般將來時.
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I』ll come to see you.
He won』t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won』t catch up with others.