當前位置:首頁 » 基礎知識 » 英語初二外研版必背知識點下冊
擴展閱讀
兒童術後吃什麼排便 2024-11-05 20:58:37

英語初二外研版必背知識點下冊

發布時間: 2022-07-24 16:13:45

Ⅰ 八下英語外研版復習資料

疑問句型
What is this?
結構∶問句:What+be 動詞+this(that…)?
答句:This(that…)+be 動詞+a book(pen…)。
說明∶此句型意為「這(那)是什麼?這(那)是書(鋼筆…)」。what(什麼)叫做「疑問詞」,用於詢問「事物」,通常放在句首,後接 be <動詞>,再接<主詞>,第一個字母 w要大寫,句尾要加問號(?),位置不可排錯。
What is this? This is a chair. 這是什麼?這是一張椅子。
What』s this? It』s a book. 這是什麼?它是一本書。
What is that? That is a desk. 那是什麼?那是一張書桌。
What are these?
結構∶問句:What are+these/those…?
答句:These/Those are+復數名詞(+s/es)。
說明∶<主詞>與<動詞>的形式要一致,is 後面接單數<名詞>,are 後面要接復數<名詞>。
What are these? These are books. 這些是什麼?這些是書。
What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什麼?那些是茶杯。
What are they? They are glasses. 它們是什麼?它們是玻璃杯。
What are you?
結構∶問句:What+be 動詞+主詞(人)…?
答句:主詞+be 動詞+a student…。
說明∶此句型意為「你是做什麼事情的?我是學生…」。疑問詞 what 除了詢問事物之外,還可用於詢問「人的職業或身分」。be <動詞>隨<人稱代名詞>的變化而改變形態,如:I am,we are,you are,he is…。
What are you? I am a student. 你是做什麼事情的?我是一名學生。
What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什麼事情的?她是一名教師。
Are you a ...?
結構∶問句:Be 動詞(am,are,is)+主詞+…?
肯定簡答:Yes,主詞+am(are,is)。
否定簡答:No,主詞+am(are,is)not。
說明∶在否定<簡答句>中,<主詞>和 am,is,are 可以縮寫;在肯定<簡答句>中則不可。
Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn』t.) 他是學生嗎?是的,他是。(不,他不是。)
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I』m not.) 你是教師嗎?是的,我是。(不,我不是。)
Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn』t.) 那是鍾表嗎?是的,它是。(不,它不是。)
What is your name?
結構∶問句:What+is+所有格+name?
答句:所有格+name+is+名字。
說明∶「my,your,his,her」為單數人稱的<所有格>;<所有格>後面必接<名詞>,即「<所有格>+<名詞>」;<所有格>不可與 a,an,this,that,these 或 those 緊接一起使用。
What is your name? My name is Sue. 你叫什麼名字?我的名字叫蘇。
What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什麼名字?他的名字叫約翰。
What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什麼名字?她的名字叫珍。
Who is that ...?
結構∶問句:Who+be 動詞+that+形容詞+名詞?
答句:That is+名字。
說明∶Who 是<疑問代名詞>,詢問人的「姓名」或「關系」;將<形容詞>直接放在<名詞>前面,叫做「前位修飾」。
Who is that short boy? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是誰?那位是比爾。
Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是誰?那位是瑪麗。
Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是誰?那位是我叔叔。
Where is ...?
結構∶問句:Where+be 動詞(am,are,is)+主詞…?
答句:主詞+be 動詞+in the+名詞…。
說明∶問句是「Where ...?」,簡答時可用<副詞片語>「In/On the+<名詞>」。
Where is Sue? She is in her room. 蘇在那裡?她在她的房間里。
Where are your books? On the desk. 你的書在那裡?在書桌上。
Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen. 你媽嗎在哪裡?她在廚房裡。
Are you V-ing ...?
結構∶Am(Are,Is)+主詞+現在分詞…?
說明∶此句型意為「<主詞>(人,物)正在…嗎?」。這一<句型>轉換的三要素是:be <動詞>移到句首;改為大寫;句尾用問號。
Is Mary sleeping? 瑪麗正在睡覺嗎?
Are you reading a book? 你正在看書嗎?
Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍嗎?
What are you doing?
結構∶問句:What+am(are,is)+主詞+現在分詞?
答句:主詞+am(are,is)+現在分詞…。
說明∶「<主詞>(人)正在做什麼?<主詞>(人)正在…」。注意:<祈使句>的動詞只能用原形,不可造<現在進行式>;表示「瞬間產生」的動作的<動詞片語>,如 sit down,stand up,不可造<現在進行式>。
What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什麼? 你正在閱讀一本書。
What are the girls doing? They are singing. 姑娘們正在做什麼? 她們在唱歌。
What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比爾在寫什麼? 他在寫一封信。
How old are you?
結構∶問句:How old+be 動詞+主詞(某人)?
答句:主詞(某人)+be 動詞+year(s) old。
說明∶此句型意為「某人幾歲?某人是…歲」。該句型中,<疑問詞>要用 how,不可用 what;且 be <動詞>(am,is,are)要和後面的<主詞>(某人)配合;答句中的「year(s) old」可以省略。
How old are you? I am twelve (years old). 你幾歲?我十二歲。
How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹幾歲?她十三歲。
How old is John? He is one year old. 約翰幾歲?他一歲。
What time is it?
結構∶問句:What time is it?
答句:It is+數字+o』clock。
說明∶此句型意為「現在是幾點鍾?現在是…點鍾」。問句中 what 當<形容詞>,修飾後面的<名詞> time;time 當時間解時,只能用單數,不可用復數。
What time is it? It is ten o』clock. 現在是幾點鍾?現在是十點鍾。
What time is it? It is six o』clock. 現在是幾點鍾?現在是六點鍾。
What time is it? It is nine o』clock. 現在是幾點鍾?現在是九點鍾。
Do you + V ...?
結構∶問句:Do/Does+主詞+原形動詞…?
肯定簡答:Yes,主詞+do/does。
否定簡答:No,主詞+don』t/doesn』t。
說明∶肯定句中,如有一般<動詞>(speak,work,teach…),則在句首加<助動詞> do 或 does,並將一般<動詞>改為原形<動詞>(不加s或es),即構成<疑問句>。
Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don』t.)
你講英語嗎?是的,我講英語。(不,我不講英語。)
Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn』t.)
她有一隻貓嗎?是的,她有一隻貓。(不,她沒有一隻貓。)
Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don』t.)
他們在辦公室里工作嗎?是的,他們在辦公室里工作。(不,他們不在辦公室里工作。)
What time do you + V ...?
結構∶問句:What time+do/does+主詞+原形動詞…?
答句:主詞(某人)+一般動詞…+時間。
說明∶此句型意為「某人幾點做某事?」<助動詞> do 或 does 的選擇依<主詞>而定,若<主詞>為第三人稱單數,用 does;其它用 do。
What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你幾點起床?我通常六點起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點就寢?他通常十點就寢。
What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.
你的課幾點開始?八點十分開始。
What day is today?
結構∶問句:What day is today?
答句:It』s+Sunday/Monday/…。
說明∶此句型意為「今天是星期幾?今天是星期日/星期一/…。」it 可用於指「星期的名稱」,但 this或 that 不可以;一星期七天的名稱,都是<專有名詞>,開頭的首字母要大寫,前面不加<冠詞>。
What day is today? It』s Sunday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期日。
What day is today? It』s Wednesday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期三。
What day is today? It』s Saturday. 今天是星期幾?今天是星期六。
How many N are there ...
結構∶問句:How many+復數名詞+are there in/on+名詞?
答句:There is/are+單數(復數)名詞+in/on+名詞。
說明∶此句型意為「在某處有多少…?在某處有…。」該句型中,many 修飾復數<名詞>;又因本句型是 <疑問句>,故用 are there,不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
一年有幾個季節? 一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有幾天? 一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
這本書里有幾課? 這本書里有十二課。
How many ... do you have?
結構∶問句:How many+復數名詞+do/does+主詞+have?
答句:主詞+have/has…+復數名詞+…。
答句:主詞+don』t/doesn』t have…+復數名詞…。
說明∶「How many」後面接復數<可數名詞>,復數<名詞>的前面可用 many,a lot of,a few,some,few,any,no 等修飾。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don』t have any books.)
你有幾本書? 我有許多書。(我沒有書。)
How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don』t have any sweaters.)
你有幾件毛衣? 我有三件毛衣。(我沒有毛衣。)
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn』t have many friends.)
她有幾個朋友? 她有許多朋友。(她沒有許多朋友。)
How much ... do you have?
結構∶問句:How much+單數不可數名詞+do/does+主詞+have?
答句:主詞+have/has…+單數不可數名詞。
答句:主詞+don』t/doesn』t have…+單數不可數名詞。
說明∶「How much」後面接單數<不可數名詞>,單數<不可數名詞>前面可用 much, a little,some,little,any,no 等修飾。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn』t have any tea.)
他有多少茶? 他有很多茶。(他沒有茶。)
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don』t have much homework.) 他們有多少家庭作業? 他們有許多家庭作業。(他們沒有許多家庭作業。)
How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don』t have a lot of fruit.)
他們有多少水果? 他們有許多水果。(他們沒有許多水果。)
How much do(es) ... cost?
結構∶How much do(es)+某物+cost…?
說明∶此句型意為「某物值多少錢?」。how much 用來詢問商品的價格。還可以寫作:「How much+ be <動詞>+某物?"。
How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)這部電腦值多少錢?
How much do the vegetables cost? 這些蔬菜值多少錢?
How much do the movie tickets cost? 這些電影票值多少錢?
Did ... V ...
結構∶Did+主詞+原形動詞+…過去時間?
說明∶將肯定句中的過去式改為「Did+原形<動詞>」,並將 Did 放在句首,句尾用問號,即構成過去式的<疑問句>。
Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打掃房間嗎?
Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗這裙子嗎?
Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公園玩耍嗎?
Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午飯嗎?
Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在動物園里看到大象了嗎?
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 蘇在八點鍾吃過早餐了嗎?
Do you ever + V ...?
結構∶問句:Do/Does+主詞+ever+原形動詞…?
答句:No,主詞+never+一般動詞(加s或es)…。
說明∶ever 通常用於<疑問句>,never 通常用於否定回答;never 也可放在句首,後接原形 <動詞>,形成否定<祈使句>,如例句4。
Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.
你曾經使用電腦嗎?不,我未曾使用過電腦。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
湯姆曾經晚起床嗎?不,湯姆未曾晚起床過。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.
薩莉曾經彈鋼琴嗎?不,薩莉未曾彈過鋼琴。
Never be late for school, Bill. 比爾,上學絕不可遲到。
What year was he born in?
結構∶What date/year+was/were+主詞+born+on/in?
說明∶此句型意為「你出生於幾月幾日(那一年)?」。born 是<原形動詞> bear 的過去<分詞>,在文法上當 <形容詞>,前面常有 was 或 were;中文說「某人出生」,英語應說:「某人+was/were born…」。
What year were you born in? 你出生於那一年?
What date was your mother born on? 你母親出生於幾月幾日?
What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生於幾月?
What will you do on ...?
結構∶What will/did+主詞+do+on+時間?
說明∶此句型意為「某人在某時間將做什麼?(未來式)某人在某時做了什麼事?(過去式)」。指特定的日期(如幾月幾日)、星期幾或星期幾的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系詞on。
What will you do on Teacher』s Day? 你在教師節將做什麼事?
What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他們在聖誕夜將做什麼事?
What will Helen do on her birthday? 海倫在她生日那天將做什麼事?
What did John do on New Year』s Day? 約翰在元旦做了什麼事?
What did Mary do on Youth Day? 瑪麗在青年節做了什麼事?
What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什麼事情?
How do you + V ...?
結構∶問句:How+do+主詞+一般動詞…?
答句:主詞+一般動詞…+情狀副詞。
說明∶How 是問情況的<疑問副詞>,表示「怎樣…?」。用於說明「狀態或性質」的副詞,稱為 <情狀副詞>。當用來修飾<不及物動詞>時,<情狀副詞>位於其後;當用來修飾<及物動詞>時,<情狀動詞>位於<及物動詞>的前面或後面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你怎樣做你的工作? 我很快樂地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太怎樣注視林先生? 她冷漠地注視林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎樣駕駛他的計程車? 他小心地駕駛他的計程車。
You are ..., aren』t you?
結構∶肯定句,+否定式助動詞+主詞?
說明∶這是一種反意<疑問句>,其結構特點是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主詞>是<名詞>時,附加問句的<主詞>要用<代名詞>代替:it 代替 this, that,<不定詞>(當<主詞>)或<動名詞>(當<主詞>)等;they 代替 these,those, people 等。下列<助動詞>的否定縮寫式較易弄錯:will not->won』t;would not-> wouldn』t;should not->shouldn』t;can not->can』t;could not->couldn』t; might not->mightn』t;ought not->oughtn』t。直述句有一般<動詞>現在式,則附加問句用 do 或 does 代替;有一般<動詞>過去式,則附加問句用 did 代替。
They』re ready, aren』t they?(讀降調)他們准備好了吧?(讀升調)他們准備好了,不是嗎?
Mike has a car, doesn』t he?(讀降調)麥克有輛車,是吧?(讀升調)麥克有輛車,不是嗎?
The secretary typed the letter, didn』t she? 是秘書打了這封信,不是嗎?
They will go to Europe, won』t they? 他們將去歐洲,不是嗎?
You are the teacher, aren』t you? 你就是老師,不是嗎?
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven』t you?我推想你在我們的森林裡呆過,不是嗎?
I know he had a good time last night, didn』t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是嗎?
The wall plug is broken, isn』t it? 牆上的插座壞了,不是嗎?
Clean parks are beautiful, aren』t they? 干凈的公園是美麗的,不是嗎?
You can do it, can』t you? 你會做它,不是嗎?
We should rise early, shouldn』t we? 我們應該早起,不是嗎?
He isn』t ..., is he?
結構∶否定句,+肯定式助動詞+主詞?
說明∶這是另一種反意<疑問句>。否定結構在第一部分,第二部分就要用肯定結構。對反意<疑問句>的回答和對否定式一般<疑問句>一樣,要看答句。
He isn』t a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. (No, he isn』t.)
他不是經理,是吧?--不,他是經理。(是的,他不是經理。)
Mike doesn』t have a car, does he? 麥克沒有車,是嗎?
The secretary didn』t type the letter, did she? 秘書沒有打過這封信,是嗎?
They won』t go to Europe, will they? 他們不會去歐洲,是嗎?
You aren』t the teacher, are you? 你不是老師,是嗎?
I don』t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他無法回答這個問題,是嗎?
What in the world ...?
結構∶疑問詞+in the world/on earth/ever+其他
說明∶此句型意為「究竟…?到底…?」。這是特殊<疑問句>的強調說法。in the world,on earth 和 ever是強調疑問詞的<片語>。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底將如何做這件事?
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什麼?
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎麼知道的?
Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是誰告訴你的?
Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪兒丟的呀?
What in the world are they hoping for? 他們到底想要什麼?
Are you ... or ...?
結構∶一般疑問句(讀升調)+or+一般疑問句(讀降調)
說明∶此句型意為「是…還是…?"。這是選擇<疑問句>,前面都是一般<疑問句>,後面的問句如與前面有相同的部分,都可以省略。

Ⅱ 初二英語下冊知識總結

1單元 snake robot 蛇形機器人
space station 太空站 seem possible 看起來可能
be able to (do) = can 能夠
the World Cup 世界盃 2單元
look for 尋找 keep out 不讓……進入
in the future 在未來,在將來 pay for 付款
come true (夢想)成為現實 Teen Talk 青少年論壇
go skating 去滑冰 in style 時髦的,流行的
fall in love with… 愛上 out of style 過時的
hundreds of 好幾百,許許多多 all kinds of 各種,多種
be free 免費 on the one hand (在)一方面
in 100 years (用於將來時) 一百年後 on the other hand (在)另一方面
be in high school 上中學 as…as possible 盡可能…地
live alone 獨自居住 =as…as sb can
go swimming 去游泳 get on with… 與…相處,進展
see sb do sth 看見某人做… have a hair cut 理發
over and over again 一次又一次 part-time job 兼職工作
get bored 厭煩 call sb up=ring sb up 打電話給……
space rocket 太空火箭 on the phone 在通話
electric toothbrush 電動牙刷 What』s the matter (with)? 怎麼了?
computer programmer 電腦程序員 What』s wrong (with)? 怎麼了?
live to be 200 years old 活到200歲 the same as… 與……同樣的
(書上重要表達) complain about 抱怨……
will be… 將成為…… argue with… 與……爭論
study on computer 在電腦上學習 surprise sb 使…驚奇
as a reporter 作為一名記者 borrow from… 向……借
keep a pet 養一隻寵物 lend to… 把…借給…
ring the week 在一周期間 find out 發現,找出
wear a suit (uniform) 穿西裝(制服) except me 除了我
at the weekend 在周末 do wrong 做錯事
on vacation 在假期 under too much pressure 承受太多壓力
predict the future 預測未來 take part in 參加
the head of a company 公司負責人 compare …with… 把…和…比較
need to do sth 需要做某事 (書上重要表達)
job interview 求職面視 enough money 足夠的錢
science fiction movie 科幻電影 write sb a letter 給某人寫信
just like… 就像…… a ball game 一場球賽
help with +名詞 幫助做某事 talk about… 談論…話題
make sb do sth 使某人做…… say sorry to… 向…說對不起
It』s easy for sb to do sth 做某事很簡單 have a bake sale 賣烤點
wake up 醒來 buy….for…. 為…買…
get a tutor 請家教 get out of the shower 洗完澡
be popular at school 在學校受歡迎 sleep late 睡懶覺
everyone else 其他每個人 buy a souvenir 買紀念品
invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 go into=enter 進入
fail the test 考試不及格 call the police 報警
return= give back 歸還 at around ten o』clock 在十點左右
have a fight with… 同…大吵、打架 shop assistant 售貨員
give some advice 提建議 the Museum of Flight 飛行博物館
busy enough 足夠忙 take a photo 照相
not…until 直到……才 walk around 四處走走
nothing new 沒什麼新鮮的 police officer 警官
seem to do sth 好象要做某事 a car accident 車禍
push a lot more 逼得更緊 event in history 歷史事件
a mother of three 三個孩子的媽媽 in modern history 在現代史上
know about… 知道,了解…… everyday activity 日常活動
find it+形容詞 to do sth 發現做某事很… at that time=then 在那時
think for oneself 為自己考慮 ask sb to do sth 叫…做某事
plan the life 計劃生活 in silence=silently 沉默地
learn to do sth=study to do 學習做某事 be born 出生
a bit=a little 一點 have meaning to sb 對…有意義
organized activity 有組織的活動 national hero 民族英雄
by oneself 靠某人自己
after-school club 課外俱樂部 4單元
get over 克服、恢復
3單元 sea level 海平面
come in 進來 Chinese Young Pioneer 中國少年先鋒隊
World Trade Center (WTC) 世界貿易中心 do well in=be good at 在…方面擅長
as…as… 和……一樣 pass on 傳遞
take place=happen 發生 first of all 首先
hear about 聽說 report card 成績單
take off 起飛;脫下 in good health 身體健康
get out 出去,離開 open up 打開
barber shop 理發店 be supposed to 被期待,被要求
run away 逃跑,跑掉 care for 照料,照顧
in front of 在…前面 senior high school 高中
in the front of 在…前部 the Ministry of Ecation 教育部
walk down the street 沿著街走 be mad at=be angry at 對……很生氣
an unusual experience 一次不尋常經歷 not…anymore 不再…
Beijing International Airport 北京國際機場 end-of-year exam 期末考試
in space 在太空中 have a favor 幫忙
all over the world 全世界 get nervous 變得緊張
train station 火車站 disappointing result 令人失望的結果
(書上重要表達) one』s homework 抄襲作業
(書上重要表達) play party games 玩聚會游戲
have a surprise party 舉行驚喜派對 study for the test 為考試復習
drinks and snacks 飲料和零食 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
the next day 第二天 ID card 身份證
How is it going? 一切還好嗎? travel around the world 環球旅遊
have a hard time with… 對…感到頭痛 get an ecation 受教育
have a big fight 大吵一架 might seem like 似乎好象……
forget to do sth 忘記做…(沒做) a dream job 理想的工作
It』s right for sb to do sth 做…是正確的 all over the world 全世界
start a bad habit 養成壞習慣 make life difficult 使生活變得困難
poor mountain village 貧困山區 get injured 受傷
change one』s life 改變…的生活 have a difficult time doing sth 做某事很難
the peking University 北京大學 real friend 真朋友
rural area 農村地區 in fact 事實上
make sb feel sick 使某人不舒服 class party 班會
agree with… 同意…… laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
need to do sth 需要做某事 dye the hair 染發
three times a day 一日三次 past tense 過去時
school dormitory 學校校舍 watch out 留神、小心
outside world 外界
finish doing sth 完成做某事 6單元
volunteer teacher 志願者老師 by the way 順便說一句
mother earth 地球母親 far (away) from… 距離…很遙遠
be in danger 在危險之中 run out of 用完,用盡
more than=over 比…多;多於
5單元和1-5單元復習 be interested in… 對……感興趣
take away 拿走 the Olympic Games 奧運會
make a living 謀生 Hilltop School 山頂學校
around the world 全世界 raise money for charity 為慈善籌錢
all the time=always 總是,一直 a pair of skates 一雙溜冰鞋
mobile phone 行動電話,手機 go native 入鄉隨俗
in order to… 為了…… do (try) one』s best 盡某人最大努力
let in 允許進入 go together 相配;調和
remind …of… 使人想起…… let sb know 讓某人知道
be hurt badly 嚴重受傷 inline skating 縱列式溜冰
make money 掙錢 probably=maybe=perhaps 也許
look up to 尊敬 have sth done(過去分詞) (請別人)做某事
charity event 慈善事件 polar bear 北極熊
professional athlete 職業運動員 three and a half years 三年半
(書上重要表達)
wear jeans 穿牛仔褲 (書上重要表達)
take a bus to…… 坐公車去…… collect the stamps 集郵
help sb do sth 幫助某人做…… skating marathon 滑冰馬拉松
several=a few 幾個 pay a big fine 賠款
be the first one to do sth 第一個做某事 throw away 扔掉
snow globe 雪球 argue about… 為……而爭論
anyone else 其他任何人 sell out 賣完
start a club 建立一個俱樂部 five times the price 價格的5倍多
tell sb about… 告訴某人關於某事 (書上重要表達)
fly a kite 放風箏 do the dishes 洗碗
music video 音樂錄影帶 look terrible 看起來很糟糕
talent show 天才表演 move the car 挪挪汽車
Heilongjiang Province 黑龍江省 help…with(名詞) 幫助某人做某事
colorful history 多彩的歷史 finish the task 完成任務
European influence 歐洲風格的影響 clothing store 服裝店
in Russian style 俄羅斯風格 order a hamburger 預訂個漢堡包
Song Emperor 宋朝皇帝 shop assistant 售貨員
western history 西方歷史 follow sb around=go after sb 跟著某人轉
The more…, the more… 越…,就越…… English-speaking country 說英語的國家
learn about… 學習…… social behavior 社交行為
have problem with… 在…上有問題 be useful to do sth 做某事很有用
be close to… 靠近……
7單元 in all situations 在各種場合下
no problem 沒問題 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服
wait in line 排隊等候 even if 即使,就算
keep…down 壓低聲音,使緩和 be with sb 和…在一起
pick up 撿起 It』s better to do sth 最好做某事
break the rule 違反規則 public place 公共場合
take care=be careful 當心,小心 in public 在公共場所里
put out the cigarette 熄滅香煙 allow sb to do sth 允許某人做…
at first (反) at last, finally 首先(反)最終 see sb do(doing) sth 看見某人做…
cut in line 插隊 give sb a suggestion 給某人提建議
turn down (up) 關小(開大) take the suggestion 接受建議
not at all 根本不;一點也不 drop litter 扔垃圾
Would you mind (not) doing sth 你介意(不)…嗎?
Could you please (not) do sth 請(不要)…好嗎 8單元
turn on/off 開(關) fall asleep 入睡,睡著
right away =in a minute 立刻 give away 贈送,分發
=at once make friends with sb 與……交朋友
at a meeting 在開會 hear of… 聽說……
hair stylist 發型師,美容師 the Olympics 奧運會
get annoyed 變得氣惱 the Olympic Committee 奧委會
get married 結婚 take an interest in… 對……感興趣
get mad 變得激動 photo album 相冊
get angry 變得生氣 rather than… 勝於;(與其),不如
happen to sb 某人發生某事 make progress 取得進步
these days=now 現在,目前 gone to… 已去某地(途中)
too…to… 太…以致於不能… get some exercise 鍛煉
give up doing sth 放棄做某事 It takes forty minutes 花了40分鍾
give…to… 給某人…… Neither have I=me neither 我也沒有(去)
stage manner 舞台台風 get to=reach=arrive in(at) 到達
native speaker 說本族語的人 take a lesson=have a lesson 上課
learn by heart 用心記住 (書上重要表達)
look up (在書中)查詢 water park 水上樂園
for a while 暫時,一會兒 space museum 太空博物館
an 80-year-old grandmother 一位80歲的外婆 take the subway 坐地鐵
China Radio International 中國國際廣播電台 Mickey mouse 米老鼠
(書上重要表達) Donald Duck 唐老鴨
get sb sth=buy sth for sb 給某人買…… Disney character 迪士尼卡通人物
How about=what about ……怎麼樣? theme park 主題公園
Why don』y you do sth? 為什麼不做…呢 be themed with… 被冠以…主題
Why not do sth? (同上) walk around 四處走走
special enough 足夠特別 Disney Cruise 迪士尼巡遊
pot-bellied pig named Connie 取名叫科尼爾的豬 take a ride 搭乘……
eat a lot 吃得多 just like… 就像,正如
keep a pet 養寵物 take different route 走不同線路
pay for=spend for 為……付錢 exchange student 交換生
learn to do sth=study to do 學習做某事 flight attendant 空中乘務員
improve English 提高英語 language school 語言學校
enter a contest 參加比賽 such as=for example 例如
as well as… 和……一樣好 listening skill 聽力技巧
age group 年齡組 Southeast Asia 東南亞
win the prize 贏得獎金 take a holiday 度假
encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事 have problem doing sth 做某事有困難
have fun with… 做…很有樂趣 foreign country 外國
find out 找出,發現 ring the daytime 在白天
find a way to do sth 找到做某事的方法 wake up 醒來,喚醒某人
be awake 醒著的
9單元 natural environment 自然環境
end up 結束 It』s best to do sth 做好做某事
on board 在船上 10單元
have a great time 玩得愉快 look through 瀏覽
amusement park 娛樂園 come along=appear 出現,發生
tour guide 導游 get along=get on with… 相處
three quarters 四分之三 at least (反) at most 至少(反)最多
Night Safari 夜間野生動物園 have a small talk=chat 閑聊
all year around 全年,一年到頭 opening question 開場白問題
roller coaster 過山車 thank-you note 感謝信
(ever) been to… 曾經去過某地 cross the busy street 穿越繁忙的大街
have a wonderful time 過得愉快 show sb around 帶某人參觀某地
be friendly to sb 對某人友好 show the way 指路
be happy to do sth 很高興做某事 have a hard time doing 做某事很困難
invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 make it easy to do sth 使做某事容易
have a family dinner 家庭聚餐 go with sb 同某人一起去
look both side 看兩邊 win the game 贏得比賽
(書上重要表達) dining room 食堂、飯廳
Franklin Lake 弗蘭克林湖 holiday job 假期短工
by noon 到中午之前 review=go over 復習
I hope so 但願如此 opposite word 反義詞
wait to do sth 等著做某事 decide to do sth 決定做某事
baby sister=younger sister 妹妹 meet friends 會見朋友
feel like doing=want to do sth 想做某事

Ⅲ 外研版八年級下英語語法

Unit6 Fun Cycling
Topic1 We』re going on a spring field trip
一. 重點詞彙
( 一 ) 詞形轉換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對應詞) king
3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety
( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重點片語:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做決定
3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 對某事做出決定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 預訂
8. come up with 想出(主意)
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付;賠償
11. raise money 籌錢
12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為……訂房間
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝
19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間
20.a hard (soft) sleeper 硬(軟)卧
21.my pleasure 不客氣
二.重點句型及重點語言點
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動人心的消息要告訴你們。
to tell you 是動詞不定式短語, 作定語。動詞不定式作定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之後。如: I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來不錯。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。
go on a visit to 去參觀/旅遊 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
類似有:go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個18歲的男孩
4.It』s hard to say. 這很難說。To say 是動詞不定式作主語,It 是形式主語。
如: It』s nice to meet you.
5. I』ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問問航空公司。同義句是:
I』ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we』ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來,然後我們來決定最好的郊遊方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定,選定 We』re trying to decide on a school.
7.It』s too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠了。同義句是:It』 too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…?乘……去泰山要花多長時間?
9.How much does it cost to go there ?去那裡要花多少錢?
How much does a standard room cost ? 一個標准間的價格是多少?
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我們的票價是硬卧120元,軟卧是180元。
at 意為「以……」,一般用於表示價格,年齡,速度等詞的前面,for 意為「供,適合於」。I』ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I』d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預訂20張硬卧票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 預訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為……預訂房間
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預訂一些14號的房間。
12.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請在下午5:30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國的費用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預訂房間。
make a reservation 預訂
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我們有帶浴缸……的房間。
with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It』s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國的學校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個學生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎的票。
(1)each 作主語,謂語用單數 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. (2)用於單數名詞前,作定語,謂語用單數。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用於復數主語後,作主語同位語,謂語用復數。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來信。
Look forward to 盼望,期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重點語法
動詞不定式
(1) 動詞不定式常跟這些及物動詞之後,want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用順口溜(要想拒絕忘記,需要努力學習,喜歡同意幫助,希望決定開始)
(2) 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
(3) 不定式可以和疑問詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don』t know how to get to the station.
(4) 本topic出現的句子有:
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.

Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ?

一、重點詞彙:
(一)詞形轉換:
1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern
3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull
5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded
(二)重點片語:
1.make a plan 擬定計劃
2. make sure 確信,確保
3. come along with 和……一起來
4. at the foot of 在……的腳下
5. be surprised at 對……感到驚奇
6. be satisfied with 對……感到滿意
7. out of sight 看不見
8. step on one』s toes 踩著某人的腳
9. can』t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
10. spread over 分布於
11.rush out 沖出去
12.raise one』s head 抬頭
13.ask sb for help 向某人求助
14.thank goodness 謝天謝地

二. 重點句型及重點語言點
1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當你在旅行時, 我正忙於准備考試。
(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙於做某事
I』m busy preparing for my birthday party these days.
(2)while 當……時候,引導時間狀語從句。當一個動作在正在進行時,另一個動作也同時進行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.
2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請你幫我定個旅行計劃好嗎?
Would you 比will you 語氣更加客氣,委婉, 類似還有could you
Could you come along with us ?
3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細勘測了整個區域,確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南,而且在背後有群山環繞。
make sure 確信,確保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.
4.It』s about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個半小時。
Two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5.It』s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。
to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.
on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .
in the +方位詞+of 表示在某一范圍內的地區 Beijing is in the north of China.
6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進定陵,對那裡的奇觀感到很驚奇。
be surprised at 對……感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons.
be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.
7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們不得不尋找停自行車的地方
space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ?
8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
當人群從四面八方擠來時,有人踩了他的腳。
in one』s direction 朝著某人的方向 step on one』s toes踩了某人的腳
step on sth 踩某物 Don』t step on the flowers and grass.
9.When he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.
當他最後沖出人群時,他注意到他的兩個朋友都不見了。
notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事
10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
三個男孩一見面,就高興得跳了起來。
as soon as 引導時間狀語從句 意為「一……就」
He left as soon as he heard the news.
I』ll tell him as soon as I see him.
11.He didn』t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字,他才抬起頭。 not …until 直到……才
12.They were so lovely that we couldn』t help playing with them.
它們太可愛了,我們禁不住和它們一起玩。
can』t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldn』t help laughing.
13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我對在中國的一切感到滿意。]
be satisfied with 對……感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work.
14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。
ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.
三.重點語法 時間狀語從句
1。引導詞:
(1) when, while , as 當……時候. when 後可跟短暫性動詞也可跟延續性動詞;while 後跟延續性動詞;as 多用於口語,強調同一時間,或一前一後。
The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.
= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 學生在教室里談話時,老師進來了。
Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊唱歌。
(2)not … until 直到……才,主句謂語動詞常用短暫性動詞。
I won』t leave here until the rain stops.
He didn』t sleep until his mother came back home.
(3) after 在……之後,before 在……之前,as soon as 一……就
I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.
As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.
2. 時態
(1)當主句為一般過去時時,從句常用過去的某種時態。
While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.
(2)當主句的時態為一般將來時, 從句用一般現在時。
I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.
本topic出現的句子有:
1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.
2.He didn』t raise his head until someone called his name.
3.While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.
.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.
5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs.
6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.

Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people
一、重點詞彙:
(一)詞形轉換:
1. death (動詞) die (形容詞 )dead 2 slow (副詞) slowly
3.crossing(動詞)cross 介詞) across 4. success(動詞)succeed (形容詞successful
5.Pain (形容詞) painful 6. lead (名詞) leader
7.final (副詞) finally 8impossible (反義詞) possible
9 courage (動詞) encourage
(二)重點片語:
1.Slow down 減速
2. run into 撞到
3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事
4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
5. ride into 進入 躋身於
6 get used to (doing) 習慣於做某事
7. a sharp turn 急轉彎
8. be popular with 受……的歡迎
9. get a fine 處以罰金
10. go on doing sth 繼續做某事
11. the way to success 成功之路
12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規則
13.break the traffic rules 違反交通規則
14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
15.be famous for 因……聞名
16. be in danger 處於危險中
17.after a while 一會兒
二. 重點句型及重點語言點
1.I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我認為北京的交通很擁堵。
traffic 是不可數名詞
2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人們都遵守交通規則,交通事故將會減少。
If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規則,將很危險,我們會受到處罰的。
這是if 引導條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現在時。
3.I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比較級
4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 這樣可以節約能源以及避免空氣污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
You should avoid making the mistake like that.
He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.
5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行車深受人們歡迎。
Be popular with 受……歡迎
6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事
7.Most people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些。
8..However, his way to success didn』t go well. 然而,他的成功之路並非一帆風順。
The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
I didn』t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作沒什麼結果。
9.Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面對生命中其他挑戰一樣,蘭斯迎頭面對。
10.It seems impossible to beat him. 打敗他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
She always seems to be sad.
三.重點語法 條件狀語從句
1.條件狀語從句由if(如果),unless(除非)等 引導的,謂語動詞常用一般現在時表示將來,主句用一般將來時。
主句 if從句
Will (must, should, may) 一般現在時
如:I won』t go if he doesn』t go .
We will pass the exam if we study hard.
We won』t pass the exam unless we study hard..
2. 祈使句+and/or 引導的結果句,祈使句在意義上相當於條件狀語從句。
如:Hurry up, or you』ll be late.= If you don』t hurry up, you』ll be late.=You』ll be late unless you hurry up.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

Ⅳ 八年級下冊英語復習資料(語法和重點短語,少點)

八年級下冊重點語法和短語
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重點語法:一般將來時態的應用
do/does 的一般將來時態形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般將來時態的被動語態:(shall/will) be done
一般將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑問句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑問句例句:What will people have in a few years?
重點短語:won't = will not
they'll = they will
she'll = she will
he'll = he will
I'll = I will
fall in love with(sb./sth.) 愛上(某人/某物)
be able to do sth. 能夠做某事
come true 實現
in the future 未來
hundreds of 數以百計的
thousands of 數以千計的
look for(sb./sth.) 尋找(某人/某物)
will → would 情態動詞 will 的原形和過去式
may → might 情態動詞 may 的原形和過去式

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看著標題和圖片,預知你要閱讀那些方面的內容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (這樣可以幫助你獲得一些新的信息。)

Unit 2 What should I do?
重點語法:過去將來時態(將來時態的委婉說法)
do/does 的過去將來時態形式:(should/would) do
do/does 的過去將來時態的被動語態:(should/would) be done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑問句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑問句例句:What should I do?
重點短語:keep sb. out 不讓某人進入
What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎麼了?
out of style 不時髦的;過時的
call sb. up 給某人打電話
pay for sth. 為某事付款
part-time job 兼職工作
the same as = be same (to/with) 與……同樣
in style 時髦的;流行的
get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 與某人相處(好)
didn't = did not
couldn't = could not
as ... as possible 盡可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 盡快)
all kinds of 各種;許多
on the one hand 一方面
on the other hand 另一方面
ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 請求某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth. 請求某人不要做某事
spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花錢做某事
sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢為了某事
take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人時間做某事
find out 查明
find sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事
be angry with sb. 生某人的氣
be angry at sth. 生某事的氣
the same age as = as old as 與某人年齡一樣
have fight with sb. 與某人打架
learn to do sth. 學會做某事
not ... until ... 直到……才……
compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)與某事(B)作比較
it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到該做某事的時間了
maybe adv. 或許
may be (情態動詞 + 動詞原形)可能是
shall → should 情態動詞 shall 的原形和過去式
pay → paid → paid 動詞 pay 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (時刻學著應用新單詞來學習比時刻使用字典這種途徑方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的場合下,一本雙語字典有時會給你錯誤的解釋。)

Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
重點語法:過去進行時態
do/does 的過去進行時態形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的過去進行時態的被動語態:(was/were) being done
過去將來時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑問句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑問句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?

動詞 when 和 while 的選擇:when 後加瞬間動詞,while 後加延續性動詞。
例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.

感嘆句
結構:(1) How + adj. + the + 主語 + 謂語動詞
=(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主語 + 謂語動詞
例句:What a beautiful flower [it is]!
=How beautiful the flower is!
What beautiful flowers [they are]!
=How beautiful the flowers are!

重點短語:get out 出去;離開
take off 起飛
run away 逃跑;跑掉
come in 進來
hear about = hear of 聽說
take place 發生
as ... as 像……一樣(eg/ as old as him 像他一樣老)
anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方
think about 考慮
think of 認為
get up = get out of the bed 起床
at the doctor's 在診所
every day 每一天
everyday adj. 日常的
most adj. 大部分
the most 最多的
in space 在太空中
national hero 民族英雄
all over the world = in the world 全世界

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的標題可以幫助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在閱讀整篇文章之前,閱讀每段的第一句話也是一個很有效的方法。)

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
重點語法:賓語從句
結構:主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語從句(主語 + 謂語動詞 + 賓語/表語)
例句:----I'm good at English. He says. (改為加賓語從句的復合句)
----He says I'm good at English.
注意:①主句是一般現在時態,賓語從句的時態不受其影響。
例句:He says I'm good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過去時態,賓語從句也要用過去時態。
例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語從句是客觀真理時永遠用一般現在時態。
例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動詞原形不能作主語,必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句:She said helping others changed her life.
重點短語:direct speech 直接引語
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開
care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(該事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事(該事已做)
it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對某人來說]……(加形容詞)
context 上下文

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思,不在於文段的細節部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至於不懂的單詞,你可以通過上下文來尋找它的正確釋義。)

Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
重點語法:if 引導的條件狀語從句
結構:主句 + if + 條件狀語從句
if + 條件狀語從句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意:在 if 引導的條件狀語從句中,主句應用將來時態,狀語從句用一般現在時態。
例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重點短語:take away 拿走
around the world = all over the world 在世界各地
make a living 謀生
all the time = always 一直
What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎麼了?
in order to do sth. 為了做某事
make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事(to 省略,該結構是一個不帶 to 的不定式。)
make sb. adj. 使得某人……(加形容詞)
make sb. done 使得某人被做
be famous for 為……而出名
be famous as 作為……而出名
in class 在課堂上
spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……(時間/錢)用於做某事
see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事(強調整個過程)
see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事(強調偶然性)
say → said → said 動詞 say 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
tell → told → told 動詞 tell 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
eat → ate → eaten 動詞 eat 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
speak → spoke → spoken 動詞 speak 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
重點語法:現在完成進行時態
do/does 的現在完成進行時態形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的現在完成進行時態的被動語態:have/has been being done
現在完成進行時態所應用的場合:
①某事從過去發生一直持續到現在都在做
②過去發生的動作對現在造成影響
例:我已上了三年初中。
I have been in Junior School for 3 years.
自從那次他與我談過心後,我天天都在進步。
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.
現在完成進行時態的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式:
肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑問句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑問句例句:How long have you been skating?
注意:瞬間動詞不能和一段時間連用。
例句:你借這本書已經多長時間了?
How long have you been keeping this book?
重點短語:run out of 用完;用盡
by the way 順便說說
be interested in doing sth. 對某事感興趣
more than 比……多
far away 在遠處
would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物贈送給某人
in fact 實際上
room 房間(用於可數名詞);空間(用於不可數名詞)
common → more common → the most common 形容詞 common 的原級、比較級和最高級

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在閱讀文章之前,用眼睛「橫掃」整篇文章,快速尋找你需要的文章要點。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (這樣你就不用細讀整篇文章,就能尋找到你需要的一些信息。)

Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
重點語法:mind [one's] doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事
重點短語:not at all 一點也不
turn down 調節使音量變小
right away = in a minute = at once 立刻;馬上
wait in line 排隊等候
cut in line 插隊等候
hasn't = has not
keep ... down 壓低聲音;使緩和
at first = first of all 首先
take care 當心;小心
take care of = care about = look after 關心;照顧
break the rule 違規
obey the rule 遵守規定
put out 熄滅
pick sth. up 撿起某物
wait for sb. 等候某人
depend on 依賴;依靠
get back = return 要回
mean → meant → meant 動詞 mean 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我們閱讀的時候,我們需要尋找「主題語句」,也就是和文章中心最相關的語句。) These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(這些語句通常會給我們一些文章的「概要」,或者每個文段的全部意思,來幫助我們理解段落大意。) After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(當「主題語句」出現後,該段的一些解釋和細節也就會隨之出現。)

Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf?
重點語法:詢問別人為什麼要做或者不做某事
why don't you do sth. = why not do sth.
例句:Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera?
what about = how about
例句:How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?
重點短語:fall asleep 入睡
give away 贈送;分發
hear of = hear about 聽說
take an interest in = be interested in 對……感興趣
make friends with 與……交友
make progress 取得進步
keep → kept → kept 動詞 keep 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
feed → fed → fed 動詞 feed 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
fall → fell → fallen 動詞 fall 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
hear → heard → heard 動詞 hear 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(為了了解文段最主要的意圖,我們必須要進行總結。) Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在閱讀時,常注意回答時間、地點、人物這些基本要素問題,達到總結的目的。)

Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement?
重點語法:現在完成時態
do/does 的現在完成時態形式:(have/has) done
do/does 的現在完成時態的被動語態:(have/has) been done
現在完成時態主要強調過去發生的事情對現在的影響。
例句:我去年去過美國,那是我第一次出國。
I have ever been to America. It's the first time for me to go abroad.
重點短語:have a great time = have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興
on board 在船上
end up doing sth. 結束做某事
all year round = all over the year 終年
understand → understood → understood 動詞 understand 的原形、過去式和過去分詞

Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
After reading, write down three or more things you have learned. (在閱讀整篇文章之後,把你學到的三樣或更多事物寫下來。)We always remember things better if we take time to reflect. (如果我們花時間去思考一些問題的話,那麼我們就能更容易地記住一些事情。)

Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it?
重點語法:反意疑問句
反意疑問句由肯定陳述句加否定問句構成,或者由否定陳述句加肯定問句構成。
例句:He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑問句時,要根據事實來回答。若事實是肯定的,則必須用 yes 回答。若事實是否定的,則必須用 no 回答。
例句:你還沒有準備好,對吧?
You're not ready, are you?
是的,我沒有準備好。
No, I'm not.
不,我准備好了。
Yes, I am.

重點短語:look through 瀏覽
come along 出現;發生
get along 相處
at least 至少
at most 至多
a thank-you note 感謝信
forget → forgot → forgotten 動詞 forget 的原形、過去式和過去分詞
little → less → least 形容詞 little 的原級、比較級和最高級
many/much → more → most 形容詞 many/much 的原級、比較級和最高級

Ⅳ 初二英語下冊重點語法、句型歸納總結

下冊主要就是被動語態啦被動語態的主要用法
一.定義
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系。語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態。
■當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)
■突出或強調動作的承受者,如果需要說出動作的執行者,用by短語。
The time-table has been changed. 時間表已變動了。(要突出的是「時間」)
These books are written especially for children. 這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強調的是「」這些書)
■為了使語言得體或圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者。如:
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 請您在下次會議上作個發言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 據說她要嫁給一個外國人。
■出於修辭的原因,或是說為了更好地安排句子。如:
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)

8種常用時態的被動語態

由「助動詞be + 動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be 有時態、人稱和數的變化。
(1) 一般現在時:am/is/are +過去分詞。如:
Rice is grown in south China. 華南種植水稻。
(2) 一般過去時:was/were+過去分詞。如:
The glass was broken yesterday. 這塊玻璃是昨天打爛的。
(3) 現在進行時:am/is/are being +過去分詞。如:
The project is being carried out. 這個計劃正在執行中。
(4) 過去進行時:was/were/being +過去分詞。如:
This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個時候還在修建。
(5) 一般將來時:will be +過去分詞。如:
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 這些汽車將由水路運往國外。
(6) 過去將來時:would be +過去分詞。如:
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 經理說這個工程在年底前將會完成。
(7) 現在完成時:have/has been +過去分詞。如:
This novel has been translated into several languages. 這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。
(8) 過去完在時:had been +過去分詞。如:
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到達劇院時,發現票已賣完了。

使用被動語態「六注意」

一要注意被動語態的不同時態
被動語態由「be+過去分詞」,其中的助動詞 be 根據情況可使用各種不同時態。如:
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現在時)
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書很快會重印。(一般將來時)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現在進行時)
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現在完成時)
二要注意帶情態動詞的被動語態
該結構的基本形式為「情態動詞+be(或be的適當形式)+過去分詞」。這類結構非常有可能作為語境題出現在考卷中。如:
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn』t have been told about it. 這事是不應當告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語動詞的被動語態
1. 不定式一般式的被動語態。由「to be+過去分詞」構成。如:
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
2. 不定式完成式的被動語態。由「to have been+過去分詞」構成。如:
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結果早點告訴我的。
3. 現在分詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:
I saw him being taken away. 我看見有人把他帶走了。
4. 現在分詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Having been invited to speak, I』ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因為邀請我去講話,我明天就得做准備。
5. 動名詞一般式的被動語態。由「being+過去分詞」構成。如:

He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
6. 動名詞完成式的被動語態。由「having been+過去分詞」構成。如:
Jenny』s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 傑妮沒受過舞蹈的專業訓練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車開出城的指令後,我開始信心十足了。
註:過去分詞沒有被動式,因為它本身可以表示被動意義。如:
The door remained locked. 門仍然鎖著。
四要注意「get+過去分詞」構成的被動語態
英語被動語態通常由「助動詞be+過去分詞」構成,有時也可用「get+過去分詞」構成。如:
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
但總的說來,用get構成的被動語態不如用be構成的被動語態常見,尤其是在含有施動者的by短語時,用get構成被動語態更是少見。不過有時用be+過去分詞構成被動語態構成誤解時,人們可能會選get+過去分詞來避免這種誤解:
The window was broken. 窗戶破了(表狀態)。/ 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
The window got broken. 窗戶被打破了(表動作)
五要注意哪些動詞不用於被動語態
1. 不及物動詞沒有被動語態。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語,所以若將其用於被動語態則沒有主語,故不能用於被動語態。但是值得注意的是,有些英語中的不及物動詞,譯成漢語時卻可能是「及物」的,很容易出錯,這類動詞如:take place(發生),happen(發生),come about(發生),break out(爆發),appear(出現),disappear(消失),last(持續),arise(出現,發生)等:
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常發生在冬季。
2. 英語中的靜態動詞(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用於被動語態:
The young man lacks experience. 這個年輕人缺乏經驗。
英語不用被動語態幾種的情形
1.謂語為連系動詞時,不用被動語態。如:He looked fine. 他氣色好。The food tastes delicious. 這食物味道很好。
2. 謂語為不及物動詞(短語)時,不用被動語態。如:The war broke out in the end. 戰爭終於爆發了。
3. 賓語為不定式、動詞的-ing 形式或從句,表示主語的一些想法、愛好或願望時,一般不用被動語態。如:
He decided to go with us. 他決定跟我們一起去。4. 賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We should help each other. 我們應該相互幫助。He thinks of himself too much. 他對自己想得太多。
5. 賓語是處所、地點時,一般不用被動語態。如:
We will reach the station in two hours. 我們再過兩個小時就會到站了。
6. 謂語部分(動詞與賓語) 是一個不可分割的動詞短語時,一般不用被動語態。如:
The ship set sail this morning. 這艘輪船今天早晨起航了。
通常不用於被動語態的靜態動詞
那裡的人缺乏食物。正:People there lack food. 誤:Food is lacked by people there.
從形式上看,第2句是第1句的相應的被動形式,既然第1句為正句,那麼第2句從理論上說應該是成立的。而事實上第2句卻是個錯句。
在英語中,並不是所有的及物動詞都可以用於被動語態的,有些動詞(尤其是那些靜態動詞)盡管它們可以帶賓語,但卻不用於被動語態,這種動詞考生容易弄錯,其中主要的有:have,lack,fit,suit,cost,let,like等:
他有一台電腦。正:He has a computer.誤:A computer is had by him.
他當時正在洗澡。正:He was taking a bath. 誤:A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不適合。正:My shoes don』t fit me. 誤:I am not fitted by my shoes.
這架鋼琴花了她6000美元。正:The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
六要注意兩類被動句型的相互轉換
英語中有一種主動句可以轉換成兩種被動句型,它們通常是一些表示客觀說明的句子。如:
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
It』s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠實的。
比較上面兩類被動句型可以發現,一類是「it+be+過去分詞+that從句」,另一類則是「主語+be+過去分詞+不定式」(其中的「主語」為前一類句型中that從句中的主語),通常可用於這兩類被動句型的動詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等,比較(同時注意其中時態和動詞形式的變化):
It』s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優秀的歌手。
表示「據說」的三類被動句型

Ⅵ 八年級下冊外研版英語第五模塊知識點

八年級下冊外研版英語第五模塊知識點
1、can』t help doing sth禁不住做某事
2、orange-and-white橙白相間的
3、win the heart of sb 贏得某人的心
4、make a terrible mess 製造混亂
5、stay/ run/walk/go/keep/ away from 遠離
6、expect to do sth 期盼做某事
7、black-and-white 黑白的
8、his own private world 他的私人世界
9、be satisfied with 對…滿意
10、over=more than 超過
11、It』s time to do sth 到了做某事的時間了
12、fly through the sky 穿越天空
13、fight bad people 打擊壞人
14、climb up buildings 爬建築物
15、keep/finish doing sth
16、real hero 真正的英雄
17、I don』t think we agree. 我認為我們的觀點不同
18、humorous cartoons 幽默卡通
19、let us do sth 讓我們做某事..
20、both of them 兩個都
21、everywhere=here and there 到處
22、a of 一本two copies of兩本
23、lead sb 領導某人
24、a place to live in 一個居住地

25、celebrate his sixtieth birthday 慶祝他的第六十個生日
26、laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
27、your/my/his/her/ own 你/我/他/她自己的
28、What do you think of… 你認為…怎麼樣
29、enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
30、not only..but also.. 不但..而且..
31、from time to time 間或;有時
32、mind (not)doing (不)介意做某事
33、at the top of 在..的頂部
34、at the bottom of 在..的底部
35、have+過去分詞…for…"一段時間": have後面跟延續性動詞
36、That』s cool.太酷了/很棒
37、as 當…時;在..期間
38、as well as也(強調其前面的內容)
謂語就前

Ⅶ 初二英語下冊知識點

八年級英語第一單元知識點歸納

1. be scared of sb./sth.
恐懼某人/某物
2. go up 上升,與rise 同義,與go down 或set 相反
3. make a noise 發出聲響,吵鬧
4. arrive in 到達,表示到達某一城市、國家等大地方時,用介詞in;表示到達某一村莊、車站等地方時,用介詞at ;到達的地方用副詞表示時,可不用介詞。
5. not„until„直到„„才„„
6. see„doing„停止做某事
7. go cycling 相當於 go to ride a bike ,意思是去騎車。
8. nit sb. on the head 表示「打某人的頭」,表示的「打某人的臉」要用hit sb. in the face 。
9. turn around 轉身
10. fall off 摔下來
11. give sb. a push 推某人一下
12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事
13. get off 從„„下來,通常指下火車、巴士、輪船、飛機等。
14. think about 思考、想起、想到(某人或某事)
15. all day 一整天
16. one by one 一個接一個地,類似有year by year 一年又一年;day by day 一天又一天。
17. hold on 有兩個意思,一個是「(電話)不掛斷」;一個是「抓緊」。
18. come down 下來
第二單元知識點歸納
1. grow into 長成„„
2. pass sb. sh. = pass sth. to sb. 遞給某人某物
3. billions of 數十億的,hundred, thousand, million , billion等詞前面有具體時,其本身用單數形式,直接修飾名詞;表示一個籠統的概念時,這些詞用復數形式,而且常與介詞of連用修飾詞。
4. look after = take care of 照顧,照料。
5. be full of滿,充滿=be filled with
6. be made of/from由„„製成,be made of表示在製成的過程中,原材料沒有發生質的變化;be made from 表示在製成的過程中,原材料發生質的變化be made by 被(某人)製造;be made in 在(某地)製造
7. carry away 把„„搬(移)走
8. on the tree 在樹上,指的是樹上本身的東西,即長在樹上;in the tree 也表示在樹上,但它所指的是外來的東西,不是樹本身的東西。
9. make „into 把„„製成„„
10. half of „„中的一半,當它所指代的是不可數名詞時,代表單數,如果half of 後邊所接的是可數名詞的復數,那麼它所代表的也是復數概念。
11. look like 看起來像
12. use „ to do sth.用„„來做„„,其中to do sth. 表示目的和用途。
13. put „ outside /on /into„把„„放在„„的外邊/上面/裡面
14. turn into 變成;turn„into„
第三單元知識點歸納.
1. play with„„一起玩;拿„„來玩
2. slow down 慢下來
3. come from = be from 來自
4. all kinds of 各種各樣的;different kinds of 不同種類的;a kind of 一種
5. protect sb. /sth. against/ from sth. 保護、保衛某人某事物不受„„的侵害。
6. go extinct 滅絕
7. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(在主動語態中from可以省略,在被動語態中from不可以省略)
8. make friends with 與„„交朋友
9. take photos of „給某人照相
10. wake up 醒來
11. have a good day 玩的愉快
12. play a joke on „開某人的玩笑,戲弄某人;have a joke with sb. 與某人一起以某事取笑make a joke about/of sb./sth. 拿某人(某事)開玩笑
13. stand still 一動不動地站著
14. get out of 除外走動;get out of sth./doing sth.逃避(責任或義務),不做份內的事,(使某人)放棄、停止或戒除(習慣等)
15. be famous / well-known for 以„„著名,以„„聞名; be famous as 著名的„„
16. get married 結婚
二、詞語辨析
1. through ,across穿過
through 指「從裡面(中心)穿過」,其含義與in有關,尤指森林、人群等。
across 指「從表面通過」,其含義與on有關
2. nearly , almost 幾乎,差不多
almost 表達的程度比
nearly更接近一些。
nearly不能用於修飾否定詞,但可被not修飾。
3. above , over 在„„上方
above 是介詞,表「在„„上方」,比„„還高」,與below相反。
over 也有「在„„上方」的意思,但是它著重指正上方或蓋在上面的意思,而above 並不強調在正
第四單元知識點歸納

1. look into 研究,調查

2. do an experiment 做一個試驗

3. fill/cover with用„„把„„裝滿/蓋住;fill in 填上

4. upside down 向下翻轉過來

5. right side up 正面朝上

6. turn over 使„„翻轉

7. in front of 在„„前面(在范圍外);
in the front of 在„„前面(在范圍內)

8. on top of 在頂端

9. take sth. off sth. 使某物離開或脫離(一表面或邊緣)take off (指飛機等)起飛,匆忙離去;take sth. off (從身上)除掉、脫下(衣物等)

10. be ready for 准備

11. take away 取走

12. be surprised 使驚奇

13. a spoonful of 一匙

14. dissolve in 溶化,溶解

15. half full of 一半

16. use up 用光,用完

17. enough to do sth. 足夠„„做某事

二、辨析

1. find , look for , hunt 找

find 強調找的結果,意為「找到」
look for 強調動作過程,「尋找」
hunt, hunt for sb. sth. 意思尋找,尋找某人某物,與look for 同義。
第五單元知識點歸納

1.go to...on foot=walk to...:步行去..
2.Of course.=Sure.=Certainly:當然!

3.take a ship:坐輪船

4.a new type of :一種新型的..

5.high-speed trains高速列車

6.in large numbers大量的

7.had better+動詞原形:最好
否定:had better not+動原

8.in a hurry匆忙

9.make presentation:發言;演講

10.glue sth onto...把某物粘到..上

11.at the front of:在...前面(強調平面空間) in the front of強調立體空間。
12get+形容詞=be+形容詞:變得..
13.in the future在將來
14.send sb from one place to another place:把某人從一個地方送到另一個地方

15.learn about學習關於
think about思考;考慮
16.present sth to:向..展示某物
第六單元知識點歸納
1.connect to:連接到..
2.hear from sb:收到某人的來信
3.in small groups在小群體中
4.in a short time:在短時間內
5.thousands of:數以千計的
hundreds of數以百計的
6.answer the phone:接電話
7..right now=at once立刻;馬上;現在
8.take a message for sb:給某人留口信
9wait a moment:等一下
10.chat on the Internet:網上聊天
11.millions of:成千上萬的
12.get/buy sth for sb為某人買某物

13.fail to do sth做某事失敗

14.feel like doing sth=want to do sth想要做某事

第七單元知識點歸納
1.be abroad:在國外 go abroad出國
2.pen pal:筆友
3.travel around the world:環游世界
4.four main oceans:四大洋
5.give a report:作報告
6.at the end=finally最後
7.keep doing sth:一直做某事
8.look up:查找
第八單元知識點歸納
1.
pick up:撿起
2. clean up:清理
3.finish doing sth:做完某事
4.throw away:扔掉;亂丟
5.reusable bags:可重復使用的袋子
6.give prizes:頒獎
7.leaking toilet:衛生間滲漏
8.make into:製作成
9.worry about:擔心
10.try not to do:試著不要做
11.make the most pollution:造成最大的污染
12.make less pollution:減少污染
13.the next day:第二天
14.take a walk:散步
15.sort into:分類成
16.make out of:用...製造

Ⅷ 初二英語下冊知識點 外研版

建議你買一本《初中無敵英語語法》裡面講解特別的詳細而且淺顯易懂。