『壹』 高一英語主要知識點！！
定語從句 （一）定語從句一般由關系代詞和關系副詞引導
1、關系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、關系副詞：when,where,why
P.S ：關系代詞和關系副詞必須位於從句之首，主句先行詞之後，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，同時在從句中又充當句子成分。
e.g.She is the girl who sings best of all.（關系代詞who在從句中作主語）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）
3、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法：
1）當先行詞為人時用who作主語，whom作賓語；
2）當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which，可作主語或賓語；
3）先行詞為人、物時用that，可作主語或賓語；
4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；
5）關系副詞when（指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。
（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。
e.g.I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。
e.g.Tom』s father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）
（三）使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題
1、that與which的區別。
1）用that而不用which的情況：
①先行詞為不定代詞all,anything,nothing,…；
②先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數詞修飾；
③先行詞有only,very,any等詞修飾；
④先行詞既有人又有物時。
e.g.There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.沒有什麼能阻止他不幹那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。
2）用which而不用that的情況：
①引導非限制性定語從句；
②代表整個主句的意思；
③介詞+關系代詞。
e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他數學考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。
This is the room in which my father lived last year.這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3）as引導定語從句時的用法
①as引導限制性定語從句通常用於thesame…as,such…as結構中。
e.g.I want the same shirt as myfriend』s.我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.我們車間使用的這種機器是中國製造的。
②as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之後，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：
as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,
as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。
e.g.As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3）as引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區別
①當主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導非限制性定語從句。e.g.He made along speech,as we expected.
He made along speech,which was unexpected.
②當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。
e.g.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn』t like at all.
2.關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數還是用復數應由先行詞決定。e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。 The students who are in GradeThree are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3.定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。e.g.There is an expression in his eyes that I can』t understand.
4.引導定語從句的關系副詞有時可以用「介詞+which」來代替。
e.g.October 1,1949 was the day on which(=when)the People』s Republic of China was founded.
5.當定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。
e.g.The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6.介詞在關系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關系代詞可有which,that,whom,口語中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g.The man(whom/who/that)you were talking about has come to school.
參考資料：http://ke..com/view/56536.html?wtp=tt
『貳』 高一英語必修四第一單元reading的重點句子及語法
高中英語必修四第一單元重點、難點
Unit One Women of achievement
1、Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然後當它們向森林走去時，我們就跟隨著。
wander
(1) 游盪；漫遊
They wandered in Europe for three months. 他們在歐洲漫遊了三個月。
His eyes wandered round the full house. 他用眼睛把整個房子掃視了一遍。
(2) 迷路亂走
Don』t wander off the road into the forest. 別離開大路進入森林。
The dog wandered off and got lost. 狗迷路走失了。
(3) 蜿蜒曲折
The river wanders through some very beautiful country.
小河蜿蜒曲折穿越漂亮的鄉村。
The little stream wanders through the woods. 小溪從林中穿過。
(4) 胡想；說胡話
Don』t let your thought wander in class. 上課時思想別跑毛。
His mind wandered back to his college days. 他的思想又回到了大學時代。
2、 In pairs discuss what they have in common and what makes them great.
同桌互相討論他們有什麼共同點，什麼使得他們很偉大。
common adj. & n.
（1）共同的，常見的
You 』ve made a common mistake again. 你又犯了個常見錯誤。
（2）共同的；公用的
Parks are common property to the city』s people. 城市的公園是這個城市的人的公共財產。
聯想擴展：
have… in common 有共同之處
My son has nothing in common with me. 我兒子和我沒有一點共同之處。
common ground 共同利益 common knowledge 人所共知的事 common sense 常識
易混辨析：
common , usual , ordinary , general 普通，通常
common 所有人或事物所共有的，常見的，普通的。「習見習聞」。
usual 由過去的經驗可判斷為正常或通常，是按照預測發生的。
ordinary 與一般實物的標准、品德、習俗相同，平凡而不特殊，強調平淡無奇。
general 廣泛的，關聯到同類中之全部。
3、She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
她把一生都獻給了中國婦女和兒童的醫療事業。
devote… to… 獻身於…
The old man has devoted all his life to teaching. 那位老人把一生獻給了教育事業。
She devotes all her spare time to looking after her sick mother.
她把所有的空餘時間都花在照顧生病的母親上。
特別提示：
devote… to…句型中的賓語多用 (all) one』s life; (all) one』s time; one』s effort / efforts。
即時活用：
1、Although the working mother is very busy, she still _____a lot of time to her children.
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
答案：A
2、_____ two years to ________after the sick woman, she badly needed a holiday.
A. Devoting herself; look B. Devoted; looking
C. Devoting; looking D. Devoted; looked
答案：B
3、We should devote ______ the people in the earthquake area.
A. us to help B. us to helping C. ourselves to helping D. ourselves to help
答案：C
4、She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花了幾年時間觀察並且記錄他們的日常活動。
observe vt. & vi. 注意到；看到；觀察
用法歸納：
（1）跟名詞或代詞
Did you observe anything strange? 你發現有什麼奇怪的地方嗎？
We observed a curious phenomenon that day. 那天我們發現了一個奇怪的現象。
（2）跟復合結構
Did you observe a man enter the building? 你看到一個人進入這棟大樓嗎？
The policeman observed a car running on the left of the road and stopped it.
警察注意到一輛車行駛在路的左邊就把它擋住了。
特別提示：
observe後跟復合結構時，一般跟省略了to的不定式或現在分詞。但需要特別注意，被動句中不定式的to不能省略，另外，如果作賓語補足語的不定式是to be結構，to不能省略。
即時活用：
1、I observed two men in raincoat ______ the hall.
A. enter B. entering C. entered D. to enter
答案：B
2、He ____ that it had turned cloudy.
A.observed B. watched C. felt D.notice
答案：A
5、She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
她主張應該讓野生動物在野外生活，而不能用於娛樂或廣告。
argue vt. & vi. 爭論；辯論
用法歸納：
（1）argue with sb. about / over sth. = argue about / over sth. with sb. 關於某事和某人爭論
What are you arguing about? 你們在爭論什麼？
I will not argue over the matter with you any more. 我將不再和你爭論這個問題。
（2）argue sb. to be…說明
The way he spends money argues him to be rich. /that he is rich.
他花錢的方式說明他很富有。
The smoke from the chimney argues that there is someone in the house.
煙囪冒煙說明房子里有人。
（3）argue for / against 提出理由支持/反對
He argues against the use of animals in the experiment.
他提出理由反對在試驗中使用動物。
Some students argue for the use of mobile phones in school.
一些學生支持在學校使用手機。
（4）argue sb. into / out of doing sth. 通過爭論使…（不）做某事
The teachers argue the students out of bring electric procts to school.
老師們要求學生們不把電子產品帶到學校。
They tried to argue us into going with them. 他們想說服我們和他們一起去。
易混辨析：
debate, discuss, argue, quarrel 爭論；辯論
debate 用於正式場合，指辯論雙方對一個問題進行全面的、徹底的辯論，有時含有針鋒相對的意思。另外，debate 還有在裁判的監督下或根據一套規則進行的正式討論。
discuss指「討論」、「商量」的意思，側重交換意見，討論參與者著重闡明問題，而不是膚淺的陳述個人意見，態度較為嚴肅。
argue 為普通用語，表示「爭辯」，即反對他人的意見，堅持自己的主見，並以推理的方式陳述、論證，試圖說服他人，含憤怒的語氣。
quarrel 意為「吵架」。
即時活用：
1、Truth develops through ____ between different views.
A. discuss B. argue C. debate D. quarrel
答案：C
2、 Do what you are told and don』t _____ me.
A. argue with B. argue against C. argue about D. argue into
答案：A
6、She is leading a busy life. 她過著繁忙的生活。
live / lead/ have a…life 過… 生活
Though he is rich. he leads a simple life. 雖然他很有錢，但他生活簡朴。
We are now living a happy life. 我們現在過著幸福的生活。
7、Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
一旦我停下來，這些就湧入我的腦海，我就想起黑猩猩在實驗室的情形。
crowd in湧向；涌進 /out 湧出
Memories crowded in upon me. 記憶湧入我的腦海。
They crowded out to see the pop star. 他們湧出去看那個明星。
8、Her mother came to support her. 她媽媽支持她。
support vt.
用法歸納：
（1）支持；贊成
No matter what he does, I will support him. 無論他做什麼，我都支持他。
Do you support the idea that we will retire in 65. 你贊成我們65歲退休的觀點嗎？
（2）支撐；攙扶
Three poles support the house. 三根柱子支撐著房子。
The old man is walking slowly with a stick supporting him. 那個老人拄著拐棍慢慢走。
（3）養活；贍養
I have to support a family of four. 我要養活一個四口之家。
The young should support the old. 年輕人要贍養老人。
9、Many people look down upon poor people. 許多人瞧不起窮人。
look down on / upon 看不起；蔑視
Women were looked down upon in the old days. 舊社會婦女被人瞧不起。
You shouldn』t look down on this kind of work. 你不能看不起這樣的工作。
聯想擴展：
look about 考慮 look after照顧 look at看；考慮 look back 回顧；回想 look for 尋找 look forward to 期盼 look in on拜訪 look into 調查 look on 旁觀；看待 look out 當心 look out for 當心；提放 look over 審閱；查看；檢查 look through 瀏覽；仔細查看 look to 注意 look up 查出；看望 look up and down 上下打量 look up to 尊敬
10、If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.
如果集合名詞指不同的成員，動詞用復數形式。
refer to
用法歸納：
（1）指的是
What does the underlined word refer to in the passage? 短文中下劃線詞指什麼？
When I say someone is stupid, I don』t refer to you. 當我說有人很蠢時，我不是指你。
（2）適用於
This rule refers to all of you. 這個規定適用於你們所有人。
The new regulation doesn』t refer to people under 45. 新規定不適用45歲以下人群。
（3）提到；談到
Did he refer to me in his letter? 他在信中提到我了嗎？
The Japanese Prime minister refered to the war and apologized to the Chinese people.
日本首相談到了那次戰爭並向中國人民道歉。
（4）查閱
If you don』t know the meaning of a word, you can refer to a dictionary.
如果你不知道一個單詞的意思，可以查字典。
Please refer to the last page for the answer. 請在最後一頁找答案。
（5）讓…處理
Let』s refer this matter to the teacher. 咱們讓老師來處理這件事。
If anyone wants more information, please refer him / her to me.
如果有人想了解詳情，讓他 /她來找我。
（6）refer to…as把…稱作
We refer to our teacher as our friend. 我們把老師當朋友。
It』s not right to refer to students as silly cows. 叫學生蠢豬是不對的。
特別提示：
refer的現在分詞和過去分詞形式分別是：referring ; referred
即時活用：
1、The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on
答案：B
2、The professor _____ in the letter is from Shanghai.
A. referred B. referred to C. referring D. referring to
答案：B
11、By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiao, a specialist in women』s diseases.
一次偶然的機會，我看到一篇有關一個婦科病專家叫林巧稚醫生的文章。
by chance碰巧
I met him in the street yesterday by chance. 昨天我在大街上偶然碰到他。
The accident happened by chance. 事故是偶然發生的。
come across（偶然）遇見；碰見；想到
I came across this book in an old bookstore. 我在一個舊書店偶然看到這本書的。
He suddenly came across a good idea. 他突然想到一個好主意。
聯想擴展：
come true come up with come to an end come to a stop come about come along前進；進展 come to oneself come at朝…撲過去 come back come out 發表
12、I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.
我細細的看了這篇文章，了解到那是專為農村婦女寫的。
intend vt. 打算；有…意圖
用法歸納：
（1）intend to do sth.
What do you intend to do today? 今天你打算做什麼？
I didn』t intend to be rude to you yesterday. 昨天我沒想對你不禮貌。
（2）intend sb. to do sth.
Did he intend us to share the cost? 他想讓我們一起分擔費用嗎？
I intend you to do it by yourself. 我想讓你獨自做那件事。
（3）intend doing sth.
I intend coming to help you. 我本想來幫你。
What do you intend doing next? 下來你想做什麼？
（4）intend that…
I intend that we shall arrive tomorrow. 我打算我們明天到。
The old man intends that his son will take over the business. 老人打算讓他兒子接管生意。
聯想擴展：
be intented for 專為…；打算給…
The prize was intended for the old man. 這個獎是專為那個老人設立的。
This film is intended for children. 這部電影專為兒童拍攝。
即時活用：
Those lovely flowers were ____ for your mother for her seventieth birthday, but as she is
away, I would be glad if you accept them.
A. devoted B. intended C. supplied D. proced
答案：B
13、There was story after story of how Lin Qiao, tired after a day』s work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.
數不勝數的故事講述著林巧稚如何在勞累了一天之後，又在深夜去為貧苦家庭的產婦接生，而這些家庭常常是不可能給他報酬的。
deliver vt. & vi.
用法歸納：
（1）送；投遞
Milk is delivered every morning. 牛奶每天早上送到。
We deliver goods to your door. 我們送貨上門。
（2）作演講；提出
Obama delivered a very important speech in Shanghai Jiaotong University.
奧巴馬在上海交通大學做了重要演講。
He delivered a new suggestion at the meeting. 他在會上提出了新建議。
（3）接生；給…接生
Lin Qiao delivered countless babies. 林巧稚接生了數不清的嬰兒。
The doctor delivered Mrs Jones. 大夫給瓊斯夫人接生。
聯想擴展：
（1）deliver from 從…解脫出來；使解脫
Teachers should try to deliver students from heavy study.
老師們應該盡力把學生們從繁重的學習中解脫出來。
（2）deliver over / up (to) 移交；交給
The dying father delivered his business to his son. 快要死的父親把生意交給了兒子。
（3）delivery n.送貨；投遞
『叄』 高一英語必修1第一單元friendship 知識點總結 與語法總結
I---1 Friendship
一、知識點
1. be good to 對……友好
be good for 對……有益；be bad to…/be bad for…
I will be good to other people.我會善良的對待其他人.
It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有陽光的地方度假會給你帶來很多好處。
The Olympics will be good for business. 奧運會的召開將有利於商業的發展。
be good at 擅長make good 有成就；成功as good as 實際上；幾乎等於
a good deal 許多，大量 徹底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝個痛快
2. add up 加起來
add up to 合計，總計
add… to 把……加到…… add to 增加
Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分數加起來，看看得多少？
Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.
Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.
The figures add up to 270. 這些數字加起來是270。
『肆』 高一英語知識點
高一英語知識點重點片語：1. fond of 「喜愛，愛好」 接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式。例如：He』s fond of swimming. 他喜歡游泳。Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜歡新鮮蔬菜嗎?He is fond of his research work. 他喜愛他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for尋找I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的書。hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to, so as to 這兩個片語都可引導不定式作目的狀語, in order to可放於句首, so as to則不能, 其否定形式為in order not to / so as not to. 如:He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.為了讓我們注意他, 他朝我們又是叫喊又是揮手。4. care about1) 喜歡，對……有興趣 = care forShe doesn』t care about money.她不喜歡錢。2）關心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesn』t care about other people.她只考慮自己。她不關心別人。3）在乎，在意（接從句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say.這些年輕人根本不在乎老人說的話。5. such as 意為「諸如……」，「像……」，是用來列舉人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三門科目,像物理、化學。6. drop * a line 留下便條, 寫封簡訊7、make yourself at home 別客氣；隨便；無拘束（1） If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝點飲料，隨便一點。8、stay up 不睡；熬夜（1） I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我將回家很晚，不要等我了。（2） He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看書直到凌晨兩點。9、come about 引起；發生；產生（1）How did the accident come about?這場事故是怎麼發生的？（2） They didn't know how the change had come about.他們不知道這個變化是怎樣產生的。10、except for 除……之外（1） except 與 except for 的用法常有區別。except 多用於引起同類事物中被排除的一項。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最後一個，他回答了所有問題。②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我們天天去那裡。（2）except for 用於引述細節以修正句子的主要意思。如：①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一個老太太，這輛公共汽車全空了。②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的畫兒很好，只是某些色彩有問題。（3）但在現代英語中，except for也用於表示except的意思。如上述第一個例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.（4） 另外，在介詞短語之前只能用except，不能用except for。如：We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我們通常十點之前上床睡覺。11、end up with 以……告終；以……結束（1） The party ended up with an English song.聚會以一首英文歌結束。12、more or less 幾乎；差不多；大約；大概；大體上（1） I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他們沒有。（2） Our living condition has more or less improved.我們的生活水平或多或少提高了。13、bring in 引進；引來；吸收（1） We should bring in new technology.我們應該引進新技術。（2） He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一個月掙八百美元。14、get away（from） 逃離（1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷帶著我們所有的錢從商店逃跑了。（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.我釣到了一條好大的魚，可是它逃掉了。15、watch out （for）注意；留心（1）Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽車來了。（2）Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那個坑。16、see sb. off 給某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火車站給朋友送行。17、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的觀點、意見等，常說on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面）I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道這份工作報酬不高，但從另一方面來說，我也不必工作太長時間。18、as well as * (sth)而且He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是攝影師還是個天才的音樂家。19、take place 發生 take one』s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb』s place 或take the place of * / sth代替、取代The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years. 20、on fire 相當於burning, 意為「燃燒；著火；起火」，有靜態的含意。Catch fire有動態的含意。 Set… on fire / set fire to …用來表示「使……著火」、「放火燒……」。例如： Look, the theatre is on fire! Let』s go and help.瞧，劇院著火了，咱們去幫忙救火吧。 21、on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的時候去看望了叔叔。 holiday(holidays)一般指「休假」 Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和湯姆准備去度假。 I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已經度過假了。 22、travel agency A business that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and accommodations for travelers. 旅行社一種為旅行者提供細致的運輸、旅行和住宿方面服務的行業 Also called: travel bureau 23、take off 1)脫下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脫下了濕鞋子。 2）（飛機）起飛 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飛機准時起飛。起飛非常順利。 3）匆匆離開 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.這六個人上了車，匆匆離開去公園。 24. go wrong v. 走錯路, 誤入岐途, (機器等)發生故障 25. in all adv. 總共 26. stay away v.外出 27. look up 查詢（如賓語為代詞，則代詞放中間） Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查單詞。 相關片語：look for 尋找；look after照顧，照料； look forward to期待；look into調查； look on旁觀；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻閱，查看，檢查；look around環視；look through翻閱，查看。 28、run after追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同時追兩只兔子，你一隻也抓不到。 29、on the air廣播 We will be on the air in five minutes.我們五分鍾以後開始廣播。 This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.這個節目每天在同一時間播出。 30、think highly/well/much of對……評價很高, 贊賞, 對……印象好 He was highly thought of by the manager.經理對他非常贊賞。 I think well of your suggestion.我覺得你的建議很好。 think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……認為不好, 好……不在意, 不贊成, 覺得……不怎麼樣 I don』t think much of him as a teacher.我覺得他作為一個老師不怎麼樣。 31. leave out 1) 漏掉 You made a mistake—You』ve left out a letter 「t」.你出錯了—你漏掉了一個字母t. 2) 刪掉, 沒用 I haven』t changed or left out a thing.我沒有作出變動也沒有刪掉任何東西。 32. stare at （由於好奇、激動等張著嘴巴，睜大眼睛地）凝視，盯著看 Don』t stare at foreigners. It』s impolite.不要盯著外國人看，這樣不禮貌。 比較：glare at （to stare angrily at）怒視著 這兩個小男孩互相怒視著，隨時准備開戰。 33. make jokes about 就……說笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他們就我的舊帽子說笑我。 have a joke with … about …跟某人開關於某事的玩笑。 He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下來跟我開玩笑。play a joke on…開某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我們互相開玩笑。 v. joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他們取笑我蹩腳的英.45.take over 接管；接替；繼承 what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的東西應當繼承。 Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我們的主席走了，因此傑克將接 管（他的工作）。 46. break down 1) 破壞；拆散 Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人體中的化學元素把食物分解成有用的物質。 The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據說和談破裂了。 2)（機器）損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車在城外拋錨了。 The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車在到達目的地的中途拋錨了。 3) 失敗；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對意見打消了。 4) 精神崩潰；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。 5) 起化學變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學物質引起食物轉化。
『伍』 高一英語必修一知識點總結
人教版新課標高中英語必修一知識點歸納總結（按單元分） 新課標必修1 Unit1 Friendship 重點片語：
be good to 對….友好 add up 合計 another time 改時間 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 鎮定下來 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏；隱藏 be concerned about 關心；掛念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
go through 經歷；仔細檢查 set down 放下；記下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 對…著迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 為了 face to face 面對面地 get along with 與…相處 pack up 收拾，打理行裝
according to 按照；根據…所說 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人鬧意見；做…有困難 communicate with sb 和…交際 throw away the friendship 放棄/終止友誼 try out 試驗；試用 join in 參加（活動） far and wide 到處 look to sth 注意，留心某事 fall in love 相愛 ignorant of 無知的
cheat sb (out) of sth 騙取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的習慣 句子歸納：
1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….
2. It』s because… 這是因為…. 此從句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你認為一個好朋友應該是什麼樣的呢？
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗時，你不小心讓狗掙脫了繩子，結果狗被車撞了。（當while, when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時，可將從句中的主語和be動詞省去。）
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位無話不談、能推心置腹的朋友嗎？
6. I haven』t been able to be outdoors for so long that I』ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已經很久不能去戶外，所以我變得對自然界的所有東西都很感興趣。 7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我記得非常清楚，曾有一段時間，湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未使我心醉神迷過。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I』d seen the night face to face. 這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請求）
10. It』s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 記日記對你來說是個好習慣。 11. She found it difficult to settle and… 12. This series of readers is very interesting. 13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
新課標必修1 Unit2 重點片語：
in…ways 在…方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 參觀某地 ever before 從前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在…末期 be based on 在...基礎上 close to 距離…近 change…into 把…變成 in the early days 在早期 take…with…隨身攜帶 the same…as 與…相同的 at present 目前
var cpro_psid ="u2572954"; var cpro_pswidth =966; var cpro_psheight =120;
be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 執行規則 be a native of 是…人 at sb』s request 應某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 請求 request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一個方向 give commands 命令 be different from 與…不同 i n the 1600』s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常；照例 be native to 是…的土產動物/植物 as we know 正如我們所知 an international language 一門國際語言 an international organization 一個國際組織 play a role/ part (in) 在…中擔任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一個角色；參與 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因為；由於 come up (vi) 走進；上來；發生；被討論 make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用
from one place to another 從一處到另一處 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子歸納：
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything. （然而，他們可能不是什麼都懂。）
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. (這是因為英國於1765年到1947年統治過印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. (當不同文化互相溝通時，所有的語言都會發生變化。) 4. What the British call 「petrol」 the Americans call 「gas」.
(美國人把被英國人稱作「petrol」的東西稱作「gas」。 此處what引導賓語從句) 5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. (實際上，當時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎的，而現代英語不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引導定語從句。 美國是一個大國，國內說著許許多多的方言。)
『陸』 高一英語必修一知識點
第一單元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合計 加起來，但在口語中有時用於否定句，表示「莫名其妙，不說明問題」。 add up to 總計共達，所有一切都說明，總而言之。 add sth（to sth）把„„加到„„里去。 add to 增加，擴建。 add 表示「繼續說，補充說」。 區別add和increase add意思是「加，增加」，強調添加。或者表示將數字加起來求和。 increase「增加」，表示在數量，產量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。
2）cheat v 欺騙；作弊 n 騙子；作弊者；騙人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 從某人處欺詐某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺詐 3)list v 將事物列於表上；編事物的目錄 n 名單；目錄；一覽表 make a list of 造表，列„„表 take„off the list 從表上去掉„„ stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列
3）share share in 分享，分擔，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分發；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分
4）trust vi/vt 信任，信賴；依賴 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（運氣等），依賴 trust that„ 希望，想
5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受懲罰，受損傷 suffer from 受„„傷害；患„„病痛 注意：suffer 和 suffer from 都不能用於被動語態
6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平靜；使鎮定。平靜的，鎮靜的，沉著的。 calm down 平靜下來，鎮定下來 quite指人對外界事物感觸的安靜。對人時，側重不激動，平靜溫和，不發表意見。 still指完全沒有聲音或者沒有動靜，突然靜止不動。 silent主要指人不愛說話，沉默不語。
7）concern be concerned about 擔心，關心 as/so far as„be concerned 關於，至於，就某人而言 have no concern for 毫不關心 concern oneself in/with/about sth 忙於，從事；關心，關切 have a concern in 和„„有厲害關系 be concerned in/with 參與，與„„有關 高中各年級課件教案習題匯總語文數學英語物理化學
8）separate v/adj 分開，和„„分手；單獨的，分開的，不同的 separate„from 使„„和„„分離
9）reason lose one』s reason 失去理智，發狂 by reason of 由於 bring sb to reason 說服某人理智些 within reason 合理 without reason 不合理 listen to reason 聽從道理 reason sb into/out of sth 以理說服某人做/不做某事
10）power beyond /out of one』s power 力所不及的，不能勝任的 =not within one』s power in power 當權的，握有政權的 come into power掌權，得勢
11）habit form / make a habit of doing=make it a habit to do sth 養成做某事的習慣 be in the habit of 有„„的習慣 fall/get into a habit of 沾染（養成）„„習慣 break（off）a habit=get out a habit 戒除一種習慣 form good habits 養成良好的習 out of habit 出於習慣
12）according to為介詞短語，後跟名詞，代詞，不能很從句，表示「根據；按照；試„„而定」。 according to其後引出的信息應來自別人或者別處，不能來自說話者自己。 according to其後不能跟opinion，view等名詞。 according as 相當於連詞，後跟從句，意為「正像，根據，按照，如果」。
13）join in 區別join；join in；take part in；attend join 參加某個組織或者團體（黨派，軍隊等）<ps：這些名詞前面要加定冠詞>，並且成為其中的一員。 join in 參加正在進行著的活動，如游戲，討論，辯論，談話等。 take part in 參加會議或者群眾性的活動，並且在其中法會一定的作用。 attend 參加會議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、上課、上學、聽報告等。重在強調「參與」的動作，不強調參加者的作用。
14）dare 作實意動詞有人稱和數的變化，也有時態的變化；作情態動詞，用於否定句，疑問句和條件句中，有時態的變化，但是沒有人稱和數的變化。 ①在肯定據中的dare，dares，dared之後，不定式一遍加to。 ②在否定句中和疑問句中的dare之後，不定時一般不加to。 ③在用do或者does構成的否定句和疑問句中，理論上雖然應該有to，實際使用卻經常把to省略。 I dare say„我敢打賭說„„
15）go through 經歷；經受；通過考試；經過；審閱；檢查 go with 伴隨，與„„協調 go up 上升；建起；上漲 go over檢查，審查；復習，重溫 go out 熄滅；公布；播出 go ahead 進行，進展；（with）贊同 go into從事，參加（某一行業）；調查
16）get along with 同„„相處；進展 get away 離開；逃避 get back 回來；拿回 get down 拿下；寫下 get in 進入；收獲 get down to 開始認真做„„ get on/off 上/下車 get over 克服；戰勝 get across 被理解 get through 完成；通過；接通電話 get up 起床 get it 明白，理解；猜中
17）with復合結構，也可以叫做獨立主格結構，在格式上沒有謂語動詞，在句中常作狀語，表示伴隨，原因，方式，條件等。 ①with+名詞+介詞短語。在句中作狀語，作後置定語。 ②with+名詞/代詞+過去分詞。其中過去分詞表示被動或者完成了的動作。 ③with+名詞/代詞+現在分詞。其中現在分詞表示主動或者正在進行的動作。 ④with+名詞/代詞+不定式。其中不定式表示將要發生的動作。 ⑤with+名詞/代詞+形容詞。
18）no longer=not„any longer 表示不再繼續或者再現過去某一時刻發生或存在而一直延續的動作/狀態時，常用於過去時、現在時或者將來時的句子中。 no more=not„any more 表示再也不重復過去反復發生的動作時，常用於過去時或者將來時的句子中。 When he saw the toy，the baby cried no longer.當看到玩具時，那嬰兒不再哭了。 Now she wasn』t afraid any more..現在她再也不害怕了。
19）①settle down to 決心去做„„，專心去做„„ settle on/upon 決定„„，選定„„ ②have trouble with 使傷腦筋，苦惱；跟某人鬧別扭 ask for trouble 自討苦吃 be in trouble 在困境中，有糾紛 get sb into trouble 陷入困境 make trouble 惹麻煩 put sb to trouble 麻煩某人 take the trouble to do 費力做
3.語法 直接引語變為間接引語（注意：變化時句子一定為陳述句語序。） 人稱的變化 ①直接引語中主語第一人稱或者被第一人稱所修飾，人稱要與「講話人」的人稱一致。 ②直接引語的第二人稱，或者被第二人稱所修飾，人稱要與「聽話人」的人稱一致。 ③直接引語中的第三人稱不變化。 「一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更改」。 二、時態的變化 直接引語——間接引語 一般現在時——一般過去時 一般過去時——過去完成時 現在進行時——過去進行時 現在完成時——過去完成時 過去完成時——過去完成時 一般將來時——過去將來時 時態不變化的情況： ①直接引語是客觀真理。 ②直接引語是過去進行時，時態不變。 ③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變。 ④直接引語如果是一般現在時。表示一種反復出現或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態不變。 ⑤如果直接引語中的情態動詞沒有過去時的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。 第二單元 1）include include是及物動詞，後跟名詞，代詞或者動名詞作賓語，或者跟賓語+介詞短語等。 including通常為介詞，相當於having（sb/sth）as a part，包括（某人某物）在內，可與過去分詞included互換。
2）present 作形容詞，若表示「在場的，出席的」通常用作標標語或者後置定語；若表示「現在的，現有的」，通常用作前置定語。 作名詞，也可以表示「目前，現在」，多與the連用，常用的片語at present「現在，目前」；還可以表示「禮物」含有「捐贈」的意思。常有的片語有make sb a present of 表示「將某物贈送給某人」。 作動詞，表示「贈送，給與」，後跟雙賓語；也可表示為「正式介紹，引見某人（尤指向級別、地位較高的人）」。 常見用法present one』s apologies/compliments/respects„表示某人的歉意/贊揚/敬意„„present oneself 出席，列席； present itself 出現，呈現。
3）rule rule over sb/sth 統治某人/某物 rule sth/sb out 把某人/某物排除在外 as a rule 在大多數情況下，通常 表示「控制；影響」時多用作被動語態。 作名詞時表示「規則，規章，條例；慣常用法；統治；尺」。
4）recognize 為非延續性動詞，不用於進行時；強調原來認識的東西意為「認出，分辨出」。 表示「承認某人/某物有效或者屬實」有時與as連用。 與名詞或者名詞片語連用，that引導的從句連用，也可表示「認識到，認清某事物」。
5）commend 作動詞多為及物動詞，表示命令，後接名詞+不定式。 表示「統率，指揮，控制，掌握」，後常接賓語。 作動詞或名詞都可以跟從句，從句中用should（常省略）+動詞原形。 作名詞常用片語有：in commend of 統率„„的 under the commend of 被„„統率的 get/obtian commend of 控制 take commend of 開始擔任„„的指揮 has commend of 掌握 at/by sb』s commend 奉某人命令的，受某人指揮的 commend oneself 控制自己
6）request 作動詞時常用的句型：request sb to do sth；request that sb （should）do sth； request of sb +that從句 作名詞時常用的習語有：at sb』s request/at the request of sb 應某人的要求 by request of 由於受到„„的要求 make a request for sth from sb 向某人要求某物
7）explain 可作及物或者不及物動詞，作及物動詞時，間接賓語前要加to。例如： The teacher explains to the class the questions. The teacher explains the questions to the class. 老師向全班解釋了這個問題。 explain可接連接代詞，連接副詞或者that引導的從句。還可以接連接代詞或者連接副詞所 引導的不定式短語。
8）however 作副詞，若表示轉折，意為「但是，然而，不過」，可放在句首，句中，句末，要用逗號分開；若修飾形容詞或者副詞，意為「無論如何，無論怎樣」。 作連詞，引導讓步狀語從句。意為「不管怎樣，不管用什麼方式」。
9）imagine 是動詞，意為「想像，設想，猜想」後跟名詞，動名詞，從句（imagine多以否定形式出現），還可以與as連用。 imagine oneself 表示「想像一下，你若„„」後面所跟的to be結構常被省略。
10）such as與for example的區別 都可以作例如講，但是such as用來列舉事物，放在被列舉事物和前面的名詞之間，後直接跟名詞，沒有逗號，一般不如and so on 連用；for example用來舉例說明，有時可作獨立句，插在句子中，後面一般用逗號隔開。 such as 不能將前面所述的數量全部列出；such作形容詞，可與as在句中分開使用，表示「像„„這樣的」，as是關系代詞，引導賓語從句，作主語或者是賓語。
11）more than ①more than與數詞連用，意為「超過，多於」。 ②more than+名詞，表示超出該名詞所指，意思為「不止，不僅僅是」。 ③more than+加形容詞或者動詞，表示加重語氣，意思是「很，非常」。 ④more than+（that）從句，其基本意義是超過，但可譯為「簡直不，遠非„„」 ⑤more than之間加入形容詞或者副詞，有兩種含義：一中是普通的比較級用法；另外一種是用來表示「與其說„„倒不如說„„」。
12）base sth on/upon 意為「以„„為基礎/依據」，被動形式為be based on/upon 13）關於way的一些短語： by the way 順便說說；順便提起 in a way 在某一方面；在某種程度上 in the way 阻礙，阻擋 on one』s way to/on the way to 在來/去„„的路上/過程中 in any way 無論如何 in every way 在各個方面，完全 in no way 絕不，無論如何不 lose one』s way 迷路；誤入歧途
14）nearly和almost的用法 ①almost=very nearly,表示」幾乎、差不多」,常可互換使用。 ②almost和nearly可互換使用的場合 (1)在肯定句中 (2)修飾all, every, always等時 (3)在行為動詞的否定式前 ③只能用almost的場合 (1)修飾no, none, never, any以及由no或any的合成詞。: (2)修飾表示感覺或心理的動詞或形容詞。: (3)修飾more than和too。 ④只能用nearly的場合 (1)被very, not, pretty修飾時。 (2)表示要做什麼事但後來」沒有做」或」避開不做」時。 ⑤mostly用作副詞,意思是」大體上、主要地、大部分、多半、通常」等。
15）come up 走進；上來；提出；發芽；流行；上升；出現；發生 come up to 達到；數到；不負眾望；合乎（標准等）
『柒』 急需外研社高一英語必修一 各單元的知識點總結 包括重點短語
Unit 1
wake up醒來
wander off 漫步
most of the time 大部分時間
either…or… 或……或……
each other 互相
spend…(in)doing sth 花費時間做某事
be determined to do 決定做……
think about 看法
for example 舉例子
work out 得出；解決
argue for 為……辯護
argue with 與……爭論/爭辯
argue against 爭辯……
set up （具體）設置；安裝/（抽象）建立
do some research 做研究
choose to do sth. 寧願、偏要、決定做某事
catch one』s eye 引起某人的注意
care for 照顧
be intended for/to do 為……而准備、預定
reach a doctor 找到醫生
must have done 一定是；想必是
get a training 得到訓練
as well as ……也
second to 次於
get sb. into使某人進入/陷入
story after story 一個故事接著一個
day after day 一天又一天
deliver a baby 給……接生
make sure 確保
by the time 這時候
carry on 繼續
be concerned about 對……關心
put…to death 處死
devote…to…把……專注於……
rather than 不是……而是……
mean doing 意味著
mean to do 打算做……
settle down 安頓下來
apply to 應用到……
be prepared to 已經做好准備去做……
prepare to do 准備要做……
Unit2
if so 如果有……
if not 如果沒有……
know about 了解
call him a farmer 稱呼他為農民
in many ways 在許多方面
struggle for 為……斗爭
the past five decades 過去的五十年
be born in poverty 出生貧困
graate from 畢業於……
since then 從那以後
thanks to 由於
rid…of…使……擺脫……
be satisfied with 對……滿足
lead a … life 過著……生活
care about 在意……
used to 過去常常
be used to 被用來做；習慣於
get used to 習慣於
prefer to do sth. 更喜歡做某事
wish for 欲得到、願得到
no matter 無論
in need of 需要
refer to 談及；提到
be rich in 富含
insist on doing 堅持做……
ready to do sth 准備好要做沒某事
be against 反對
pay attention to 注意；留心
that is to say 換句說
be certain/sure to do 確信會做某事
persuade sb to do sth 說服某人干某事-結果成功
advise sb to do sth 勸說某人干某事-結果失敗
Unit3
bump into 撞上(=knock into)；碰見
be content with 對……滿足
worse off 境況差
astonish sb. with sth. 用某事物使某人震驚
be famous for 由於……而著名
in poverty 貧困
be well known 聞名
be set in 以……為背景
in search of 尋找
pick up 撿起
be caught in 被困在……
pick out （用個人喜好或希望進行）挑選
cut off切下
star in 表演
turn into 變為
ask for 要求……
no more than不超過
come across 走過來；偶然碰到
break down 把……分解/弄碎；損壞
fall over 摔翻
fall down 倒塌
do well in ……（方面）做得好
make a cup of tea 泡茶
bring out 取出；闡明
bring in 引入
a sense of ……觀念
Unit4
be interested in 對……感興趣
look around四周張望
send sb. to do 派遣某人……
even if 盡管
meet with(=come into)偶然碰到
may have done 某事可能已經做了（或發生）
reach out…for… 伸出……去……
not all 不是所有
spoken language 口語
close to 靠近
be likely to 有可能……
introce sth. to sb. 向某人介紹……
not…nor…既不……也不……
shake hands with(=shake one』s hand)與某人握手
all kinds of 多種多樣的……
be similar to 與……相似
at ease 安逸
up and down 上下
protect sb from V-ing/sth 從……保護某人
with your hands a little open 手微微張開
be willing to願意去做……
look sb. in the eye 正視/直視某人
take action 採取行動
watch out 小心
Unit5
provide sb. with…提供……
a bit 一會兒；一點兒
such as如……
a variety of 各種各樣的……
charge…for…向……收費
be based on 以……為基礎
not just 不僅僅
along with 連同……；伴隨……
come to life 活躍起來
have sth done 使得……；讓……被做
be named after 以……命名
be different from 與……不同
get close to 靠近
learn about（=learn of）學習；得知；聽到
take an active part in 積極參與
face to face 面對面
try out 試驗
large amounts of/a large amount of 大量（不可數）
point out 指出
at least 至少
『捌』 人教版高一英語必修一各個單元的語法知識點
一． 一般現在時
1. 表示主語現在所處的狀態及其所具備的特徵、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示習慣性、經常性的動作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 標志性的詞語
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助於為第三人稱單數（he she it）則動詞要用單三現
二． 現在進行時
1． 說話時正在進行的動作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即將發生的動作，多用於go come start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中，句子中常常有時間狀語
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.當句子中出現了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍數比較
1.A+系動詞+倍數詞+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系動詞+倍數詞+adj\adv的比較級+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系動詞+倍數詞+the size\amount(數量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的復合結構
1． With+賓語+賓語補足語
賓語補足語根據邏輯意義的不同可以是不同的詞語，如形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等，with在復合結構中常作狀語
2.常用結構
○1with+賓語+doing
表主動與進行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+賓語+done
表被動與完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+賓語+to do
表將來
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 現在完成進行時
現在完成進行時
1．基本表達式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，並且還將持續下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。（動作還將繼續下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。（動作還將繼續下去）
3．表示在說話時刻之前到現在正在進行的動作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經等你半個鍾頭了(人還沒到，如同在電話里說的，還會繼續等)
4．有些現在完成進行時的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個城市已經住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經工作五年了。
5．大多數現在完成進行時的句子不等同於現在完成時的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（動作還將繼續下去）
我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.（動作已經完成）
我已經寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們造了一座橋。
6．表示狀態的動詞不能用於現在完成進行時。
例如：I have known him for years.
我認識他已經好幾年了。
I have been knowing...
這類不能用於現在完成進行時的動詞還有：love愛，like喜歡， hate討厭，等。
注意：比較過去時與現在完成時
1．過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。
2．過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3．現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（強調看的動作發生過了。）
I have seen this film.
（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（強調起床的動作已發生過了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現在完成時，要用過去時。
（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．過去完成時
1． 概念：表示過去的過去
其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中，發生在先，用過去完成時；發生在後，用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．現在完成進行時
1．其構成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 動詞的現在分詞
He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞 功用如下：
2． 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack hasn』t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在，可以包括現在在內的一個階段內，重復發生的行動，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響，而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身，如：
Tom』s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
現在完成時有否定結構、而現在完成進行時沒有否定結構。 現在完成時態可表示做完的時期以及已有的經驗、但現在完成進行時不可以 現在完成進行時的否定結構 現在完成進行時有時也可用否定結構。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven』t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發生了那次不幸事故之後，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn』t been working for me and I haven』t has that much contact with him. 他並沒有給我工作過，我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
6．否定句構成：
主語+has/have+not+been+現在分詞
7．一般疑問句構成:
Have/has+主語+been+現在分詞+其他
『玖』 人教版高一上學期英語第一單元語法重點有些什麼
必修1： 動詞（將來動作的表達法） 2.直接引語和間接引語（陳述句、祈使句、疑問句） 3.定語從句（關系代詞that,which,who引導的定語從句） （由關系代詞whose引導的定語從句） （由關系副詞when,where,why引導的定語從句）必修2： 1.定語從句（關系代詞that,which,who引導的定語從句） （由關系代詞whose引導的定語從句） （由關系副詞when,where,why引導的定語從句） （限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句） 2.被動語態（一般將來時構成的被動語態） （現在完成時構成的被動語態） （現在進行時構成的被動語態） 必修3：情態動詞 2.名詞性從句（賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句）必修4：主語和謂語動詞的一致 2.動詞-ing形式 3.構詞法（合成、轉化、派生、） 我可是特意去翻了書的。
『拾』 求高一必修一英語一二單元知識點總結。
一、知識點
1. be good to 對……友好
be good for 對……有益；be bad to…/be bad for…
I will be good to other people.我會善良的對待其他人.
It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有陽光的地方度假會給你帶來很多好處。
The Olympics will be good for business. 奧運會的召開將有利於商業的發展。
be good at 擅長make good 有成就；成功as good as 實際上；幾乎等於
a good deal 許多，大量 徹底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝個痛快
2. add up 加起來
add up to 合計，總計
add… to 把……加到…… add to 增加
Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分數加起來，看看得多少？
Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.
Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.
The figures add up to 270. 這些數字加起來是270。
You shouldn』t add fuel to the flame 你不應該火上加油
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使節日的夜晚更加生色。
The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors』 difficulties.惡劣的天氣增加了失事船隻的船員們的困難。
Your friend can not go until he finishes cleaning his bike.
not…until/till 意思是「直到…才」，表示主句謂語所表示的動作直到until狀語所表示的時間才發生，主句的謂語動詞表示的是動作的開始，動詞既可以是延續性的，也可以是非延續性的。
They did not come back until eleven. 他們會在十一點後回來。
I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。
4. You had to pay to get it repaired
get sth done 使……完成/讓某人做某事
5. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
calm …down使平息, 使平靜
calm down平息/平靜下來
The crying child soon calmed down.哭鬧的小孩不多一會就安靜下來。
It was a long time before he managed to calm himself down. 過了很久他才努力使自己冷靜下來。
We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.
我們試圖讓他平靜下來，但他仍不停地哭著。
6. Tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned about關心，掛念
He was very concerned about his children's ecation. 他很關心他兒子的教育。
Please don』t be concerned about me.請別為我操心。
Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她為什麼那麼關注他對她的工作的看法？
7. Your friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his dog.
go on holiday 度假
be on holiday 正在休假
What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together.我們大家一起去度假那可太有意思了.
take care of 愛護，照料
take care 注意，當心
You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health. 你的體格不壯，因此最好注意健康。
8. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 在遛狗的時候，你一粗心松開了手中的狗鏈。
當while, when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時，可將從句中的主語和be動詞省去。
walk sb home/ to a place: 為保證安全而陪某人去某地 It』s late ---- let me walk you home.
9. take one』s end-of-term exam 參加期末考試
10. 3) Your friend, who doesn』t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定語從句）
cheat in the exam 考試作弊
11. look at someone else』s paper 看別人的試卷
12. make a list of reasons 列舉一些原因
13. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位無話不談、能推心置腹的朋友嗎？
14. go through遭遇；經歷；熬過；用光(錢)；獲准，通過
It can go through the test of the time. 它能經受時間的考驗.
She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family.
He would go through fire and water for his country. 他願為國家赴湯蹈火。
15. hide away 躲藏；隱藏
16. I don』t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,…我不願像大多數人一樣在日記中記流水賬，……
Why don't you set your ideas down on paper?
We have had a series of stormy days when we were on the island.
The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察讓他在報告中寫下他所看見的事情。
16. I wonder if it』s because I haven』t been able to be outdoors for so long that I』ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。
17. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我記得非常清楚，曾有一段時間，湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未使我心醉神迷過。
18. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
有一天晚上，我熬到11點半故意不睡覺，為的是獨自好好看看月亮一次。
19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window.但是因為月光太亮了，我不敢打開窗戶。
She speaks French far better than I, so I don't dare talk with her in French.
20. I happened to be upstairs at sk when the window was open. 黃昏時我碰巧在樓上，那時窗戶是開著的。
sth happen to sb 某人發生某事
What happened to him?
sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 正巧 it so happened that 。。。
It happened that he was seen by his father. = He happened to be seen by his father.
他碰巧被他父親看見了。
As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正當我打算出去找他時，他恰巧進來。
The street lights go on at sk. 街上的路段在傍晚時分亮起來。
21. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. 這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。
It is the first (second…etc) that… (從句謂語動詞用現在完成時)
It was the first (second…etc) that… (從句謂語動詞用過去完成時)
the first time 可作從屬連詞用，引導時間狀語從句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
It was the first time that I talked with a foreigner face to face.
I think we need a face-to-face talk so as to clear the misunderstanding.
I have often heard of her. Actually, I've never met her face to face.
22. in one』s power 處於……的控制之中
I have got him in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我控制了他，我可以讓他為我做任何事。
23. It』s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.觀看這些已不再是樂趣，因為大自然是你必須親身體驗的。
It』s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事時沒用的。
24. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.
25. suffer from 患…病; 受…苦痛;遭受
Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam. 世界上大多數大城市都交通堵塞為患。
26. It was such fun to watch it run loose in the park.
27. I』ve got tired of looking nature through dirty curtains and sty windows.
28. I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly.
29. Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
with+名詞/代詞(賓格)+分詞/形容詞/介詞短語/不定式/副詞在句中常作伴隨狀語。動詞形式的選擇取決於賓語同動詞之間的邏輯關系。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
30. have some trouble with sb or sth. 在……上遇到了麻煩
I have some trouble with my studies.
31. get along … with sb/sth. 與某人相處怎樣/某事進展如何？
If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相處上有問題，你可以寫信給編輯向他徵求建議。
32. This has made me angry.
…he made her diary her best friend…
make 後接復合賓語，賓語補足語須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過去分詞、名詞等。常見的有以下幾種形式:
make sb. do sth.讓(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在被動句中，不定式前要加to)
make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被…When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
(4) make sb.+n. 使某人成為…
make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. We made him leader of our team. (注意表示職位的名詞前不加冠詞)
He made it easy for us to understand the text.
33. I』m not good at communicating with people.
34. Although I tried to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to make friends with them.
35. I do want to change this situation, but I don』t know how.
36. Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 瓊斯先生單獨一人生活，常常感到孤獨。
37. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請求）
38. join in discussions and show interest in other people』s ideas
39. It』s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 記日記對你來說是個好習慣。
40. Why not have a try?
41.True friends are like wine; the older, the better.
42. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
43. A friend in need is a friend indeed.