① 八年級上學期英語所有的重要語法+語言點(整理)
1. be absent from…. 缺席,不在 2. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 3. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被動語態):be absorbed in 全神貫注於…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富於,富有 5. access(to) (不可數名詞) 能接近,進入,了解 6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 7. of one』s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自願地 ,主動地 8. in accord with 與…一致 . out of one』s accord with 同….不一致 9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根據 11. on one』s own account 1) 為了某人的緣故, 為了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one』s own risk) 自行負責 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 賒賬; on account of 因為; on no account不論什麼原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 12. take…into account(=consider)把...考慮進去 13. give sb. an account of 說明, 解釋 (理由) 14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解釋, 說明. 15. on account of (=because of) 由於,因為. 16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要,無論如何不要(放句首時句子要倒裝) 17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 18. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 19. act on 奉行,按照…行動; act as 扮演; act for 代理 20. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己適應於 21. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改編, 改寫(以適應新的需要) 22. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 23. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 24. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 堅持, 遵循 25. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗鄰的, 臨近的 26. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)調節; 適應; 27. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能,留有…的餘地. 28. in advance (before in time) 預告, 事先. 29. to advantage 有利的,使優點更加突出地. 30. have an advantage over 勝過. have the advantage of 由於…處於有利條件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 31. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 32. agree with 贊同(某人意見) agree to 同意 33. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 34. ahead of 在…之前, 超過…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 35. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具體. 2)在謠傳中. 36. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 37. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 總共, 總計 38. after all 畢竟,到底; (not) at all 一點也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大體上說; be all in 累極了; all but 幾乎. 39. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考慮到, 估計到. 40. amount to (=to be equal to) 總計, 等於. 41. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 對…負責. 42. answer to (=conform to) 適合,符合. 43. be anxious about 為…焦急不安; 或anxious for 44. apologize to sb. for sth. 為…向…道歉 45. appeal to sb. for sth. 為某事向某人呼籲. appeal to sb. 對某人有吸引力 46. apply to sb. for sth. 為…向…申請 ; apply for申請; apply to 適用. 47. apply to 與…有關;適用 48. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 贊成, approve vt. 批准 49. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 50. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 51. arrive on 到達; arrive at 到達某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到達某地(大地方); 52. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…為羞恥 53. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保證, 使…確信. 54. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 縛, 系 ,結 55. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 試圖做… 56. attend to (=give one』s attention, care and thought)注意,照顧;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 57. attitude to/ toward …對…的態度.看法 58. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..歸因於.., 認為..是..的結果 59. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 60. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意識到,知道. 61. at the back of (=behind) 在…後面 62. in the back of 在…後部(裡面); on the back of 在…後部(外面); be on one』s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起. 63. at one』s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,維護; have sb. at one』s back 有…支持, 有…作後台 64. turn one』s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背棄,拋棄 65. behind one』s back 背著某人(說壞話) 66. be based on / upon 基於 67. on the basis of 根據…, 在…基礎上 68. beat…at 在…運動項目上打贏 69. begin with 以…開始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(經常用於開始語) 70. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名義 71. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依賴,信仰. 72. benefit (from) 受益,得到好處. 73. for the benefit of 為了…的利益(好處) 74. for the better 好轉 75. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打敗, 勝過. 76. by birth 在出生上,論出身,按血統 at birth 在出生時; give birth to 出生 77. blame sb. for sth. 因…責備某人 blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 78. in blossom開花(指樹木) be in blossom開花(強調狀態) come into blossom開花(強調動作) 79. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火車或飛機 80. boast of (or about) 吹噓 81. out of breath 喘不過氣來 82. in brief(=in as few words as possible)簡言之 83. in bulk 成批地,不散裝的 84. take the floor 起立發言 85. on business 出差辦事. 86. be busy with sth.忙於某事 be busy doing sth. 忙於做某事 87. last but one 倒數第二. 88. last but not least最後一點但也是最重要的一點 89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假設 90. buy sth. for…money 用多少錢買 91. be capable of 能夠, 有能力 be capable of being +過去分詞:是能夠被…的 92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)無論如何 93. in case (=for fear that) 萬一; 94. in case of (=in the event of)如果發生…萬一 in the case of 至於…, 就…而言 95. in no case在任何情況下都不(放句首倒裝句) 96. be cautious of 謹防 97. center one』s attention on(=focus one』s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上 98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 101. for a change換換環境(花樣等) 102. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 103. in charge of (=responsible for) 負責(某事) in the charge of …由…管 104. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)負責管理(照顧) 105. charge…for 因…索取(費用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 106. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 晝夜不停地 高考書面表達必背片語 (1) 首先,尤其重要的,最重要的 above all 偶然,無意中 by accident 對(於)…很積極 be active in 合計為 add up to 承讓錯誤 admit one』s mistake 接受某人的建議 take / follow one』s advice 就…提出建議 give advice on 建議某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth. 後天 the day after tomorrow 畢竟;終究 after all 違心 against one』s will 在…歲時 at the age of 實現目標 achieve one』s aim 在空中;懸而未決 in the air 在戶外,在露天里 in the open air 在機場 at the airport 火警 the fire alarm 滿腔怒火 be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生氣 be angry at sth. 生某人的氣 be angry with sb. 通知 make an announcement 相繼地,按順序地 one after another 相互,彼此(三者或三者以上之間)one another 相互(指兩者之間)each other 沒有回答 give no answer 為…而擔心 be anxious about 急於做某事 be anxious to do sth. 分開住 live apart 除了 apart from 因某事向某人認錯或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth. 與某人爭論某事 argue with sb. about sth. 放在一邊 lay sth. aside 請某人指點 / 幫助 ask sb. for advice / help 驚訝於… be astonished at sth. 以前,曾經 at one time 注意 pay attention to 對…抱正確的態度 take a correct attitude towards sth. 引起(注意,興趣等)
② 初二英語語法大全
動詞時態的句子結構及關鍵詞:
一般現在時:
句子結構: 肯定句 主語+be (am, is, are ) + 其他
否定句 主語+be not +其他
疑問句 Be+主語+其他
或: 肯定句 主語+動詞原型+其他 ( 第三人稱單數作主語動詞要加"s" )
否定句 主語+don't+動詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數作主語don't改為doesn't)
疑問句 DO+主語+動詞原型+其他(第三人稱單數作主語do改為doess)
關鍵詞: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday
afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等.
注:在時間壯語從句,條件壯語從句中,常用一般現在時表示將來時,這時一般從 句用一般現在時,主句用將來時
現在進行時:
句子結構:肯定句 主語+be +動詞的現在分詞+其他
否定句 主語+be not+動詞的現在分詞+其他
疑問句 Be +主語+動詞的現在分詞+其他
關鍵詞:now, right now, at the moment, It's+幾點鍾等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示語.
一般將來時:
句子結構: 肯定句 主語+will+動詞原型+其他
否定句 主語+will not +動詞原型+其他
疑問句 Will +主語+動詞原型+其他
(will 可改為be going to ,當主語是第一人稱時will可用shall)
關鍵詞:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year,
at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等.
一般過去時:
句子結構:肯定句 主語+be(was,were)+其他
否定句 主語+be not+其他
疑問句 Be+主語+其他
或: 肯定句 主語+動詞的過去式+其他
否定句 主語+did not+動詞原型+其他
疑問句 Did+主語+動詞原型+其他
關鍵詞:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term,
一段時間+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the
1980s等.
Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等.
過去進行時:
句子結構: 肯定句 主語+was/were+動詞的現在分詞+其他
否定句 主語+was/were not +動詞的現在分詞+其他
疑問句 Was/Were + 主語+ 動詞的現在分詞+其他
關鍵詞:具體時間+過去的時間壯語 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at
this time last Sunday等.
現在完成時:
句子結構:肯定句 主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他(第三人稱單數用has)
否定句 主語+have/has not+動詞的過去分詞+其他
疑問句 Have/Has + 主語 + 動詞的過去分詞+其他
關鍵詞:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段時間,since+過去的
時間或過去時從句.或this year alone"今年以來",these five years alone"這五年
以來",in the last ten years "在過去的十年中"等.
過去將來時:
句子結構: 肯定句 主語+ would+ 動詞原型+其他
否定句 主語+ would not + 動詞原型+ 其他
疑問句 Would+主語+動詞原型+其他
(would可改為was/were going to ,主語第一人稱時would可用should)
過去將來時主要用在賓語從句中.
過去完成時:
句子結構: 肯定句 主語+had + 動詞的過去分詞+其他
否定句 主語+had not +動詞的過去分詞+其他
疑問句 Had+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他
關鍵詞:by+過去某一時間點 如:by last year, by the end of+過去某一時間點 如:
by the end of last year, before+過去某一時間點,by the time +從句,或賓語從 句中最後,請記住:
It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of
thing, I'm sure it will be all right.
這不是世界末日,試著往事情好的方面看,我確認一切都會好起來.
英語動詞有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態。初中階段的被動語態有五種時態,我們可以從以下方面進行小結:
一、被動語態的時態及結構(以動詞do為例)
結構:主語 + be + 過去分詞
時態:1. 一般現在時: am (is, are) done.
2.帶情態動詞的被動語態:must (can, may, should, need, would) be done
3. 一般過去時: was (were) done
* 4. 一般將來時: will (shall) be done
* 5. 現在進行時: am (is, are) being done
6. 現在完成時: have (has) been done
二、從初中階段所學五種基本句型談變被動語態時應注意的問題。
1.主語 + 連系動詞 + 表語 (S+V+P)
此結構不可用被動語態。
(正) The flowers smell sweet.
(誤) The flowers are smelt sweet.
2.主語 + 不及物動詞 (S+V)
此結構不可變被動語態。
(正) An accident happened last night.
(誤) An accident was happened last night.
3.主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 (S + V+ O)
(1)將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語
Children often sing this song
This song is often sung by children.
(2)將含有介詞或副詞的動詞短語變為被動結構時,不可將介詞或副詞去掉。
We should listen to the teachers carefully.
The teachers should be listened to carefully.
4.主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語 (S + V+ IO+ DO)
(1).將表人的間接賓語變為主語,直接賓語不變。
He showed us a picture .
We were shown a picture.
(2).將指物的直接賓語變為主語,要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for.
常用加to的動詞give, show, pass, read等
常用加for的動詞 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等
A picture was shown to us.
A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.
5. 主語+及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語 (S+ V+ O + C)
如動詞為 make, see, hear, watch 等,後接賓語補足語為不帶「to」不定式時,變被動語態時要加上「to」 。
I saw him fall off the tree.
He was seen to fall off the tree.
6. "be + 過去分詞" 並非都是被動語態,系動詞 be, feel, seem,look,等詞後面的過去分詞已轉化為形容詞,作表語用,表示某種狀態。
I'm interested in mathematics. 我對數學感興趣。
*7. 某些動詞用主動語態來表示被動含義。The woman's clothes sell well. 女裝賣的快。This book sells best.這本書很暢銷.
英語語法大全下載
1、所有格:He is Fred's best friend.(-'s)
2、動詞現在時的第三人稱單數:Alfredo works.(-s)
3、動詞過去式:Fred worked.(-ed),但亦有不規則變化。
4、現在分詞/進行時態:Fred is working.(-ing)([注]如果動詞的末音節為輔音結尾的閉音節,則須雙寫末輔音,如running)
5、過去分詞:The car was stolen.(-en);Fred has talked to the police.(-ed),但亦有不規則變化。
6、動名詞:Working is good for the soul.(-ing)
7、名詞的復數:Fred has two blue eyes.(-s)([注]如果動詞的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,則需加-es,如dishes)
8、形容詞的比較級:Fred is smarter than Rick.(-er)形容詞末尾加-er,多音節在前面」加more,如"more difficult"。
9、形容詞的最高級:Fred has the fastest car.(-est)形容詞末尾加-est,多音節詞在前面加most,如"the most difficult"。
英語的基本語序為SVO,且基本上不能任意變換語序,除了在少數詩詞以外;另一方面,有時英語會使用OSV的語序。(註:S:Subject[主語];V:Verbal phrase[謂語];O:Object[賓語])
英語中所有的詞可分成十大類,每一類詞在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。這十大詞類是:
一、名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞。
二、形容詞:表示人或事物的特徵的詞。
三、副詞:修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞。
四、代詞:是代替名詞、形容詞和數詞的詞。
五、數詞:表示數量和順序的詞。
六、動詞:表示動作和狀態的詞。
七、冠詞:與名詞連用,其說明人或事物的作用。
八、介詞:通常置於名詞和代詞之前,表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關系。
九、連詞:連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子的詞。
十、感嘆詞:表示說話人感情或語氣的詞。
英語的時態
英語共有十六個時態、四個體。(註:四個體為——一般、進行、完成、完成進行。)
英語中的四個體相當於法語、西班牙語以及所有印歐語系羅曼語族中的式,如:直陳式,命令式等。
(1)一般現在時
基本形式(以do為例):
第三人稱單數:does(主語為非第三人稱單數);
肯定句:主語+動詞原形+其他;
否定句:主語+don『t+動詞原形+其他;
一般疑問句:Do+主語+動詞原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,+ 主語+do.
否定回答:No,+主語+don't.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句語序
(2)一般過去時
be動詞+行為動詞的過去式
was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn『t,同時還原行為動詞
was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問,同時還原行為動詞
(3)一般將來時
am/are/is+going to+do
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do
一般將來時的表達方法
be going to +動詞原形
be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to +動詞原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+動詞原形
(4)過去將來時
be(was,were)going to+動詞原形
be(was,were)about to+動詞原形
be(was,were)to+動詞原形
肯定句:主語+be(was,were)going to+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+be(was,were)not going to+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Be(Was,Were)+主語+going to+動詞原形~?
肯定句:主語+would(should)+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+would(should)not+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形~?
(5)現在進行時
主語+be+動詞ing〔現在分詞〕形式
第一人稱+am+doing+sth
第二人稱+are+doing +sth
第三人稱+is+doing+sth
(6)過去進行時
肯定句:主語+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑問句及答語:Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 答語:Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它
(7)將來進行時
動詞be的將來時+現在分詞
(8)過去將來進行時
should(would)+be+現在分詞
(9)現在完成時
基本結構:主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他
(10)過去完成時
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had
否定回答:No,主語+hadn't
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他)
語法判定:
( 1 ) by + 過去的時間點。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)將來完成時
(shall)will+have+動詞過去分詞
before+將來時間或by+將來時間
before或by the time引導的現在時的從句
(12)過去將來完成時
should / would have done sth.
(13)現在完成進行時
have/has been +-ing 分詞
(14)過去完成進行時
had been +-ing 分詞
(15)將來完成進行時
主語+ shall/will have been doing
(16)過去將來完成進行時
should+have been+現在分詞用於第一人稱
would have been+現在分詞用於其他人稱
③ 八年級上英語語法
一般現在時 The Simple Present Tense
一般現在時表示現在的狀態
He is twelve. 他十二歲。
They are at home. 他們在家。
表示經常性或習慣性的動作
I go to school at seven every day.
He plays soccer on Sundays.
表示主語具備的性格和能力等
She likes apples.
They speak Japanese.
She is medium build.
肯定式
I am a cleaner.
You are right.
He / She / It is here.
We / You / They are outgoing
否定式
I am not a…
You are not…
He / She / It is not…
We / You / They are not…
否定式和疑問式
We go to school at seven every day.
We don』t go to school at seven.
Do you go to school at seven?
Yes, we do.(No, we don』t.)
否定式和疑問式
He goes to school at seven every day.
He doesn』t go to school at seven.
Does he go to school at seven?
Yes, he does.(No, he doesn』t.)
一般現在時常和表示時間頻度的副詞連用。
如:
often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。
1. I often read books in the evening
2. Do they usually go to school by bike?
3. He doesn』t like milk. He never drinks it.
4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.
一般現在時常和以下時間表達法連用。
如:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。
Do they have math in the morning?
She sleeps nine hours every night.
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
They don』t have classes on Sundays.
動詞第三人稱單數的構成:
1、直接加--s
look—looks read—reads
play—plays stop—stops
2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o後加--es
miss—misses fix—fixes
watch—watches wash—washes
go—goes do--does
3. 輔音字母加y結尾的動詞去y為i,再加--es
carry – carries study – studies
hurry – hurries cry – cries
4.特殊的
have -- has
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(二)
【語法聚焦】
看病需要和醫生交流,這是英語口語中必不可少的內容。從醫生詢問病情,病人訴說病情,到醫生檢查、診斷和醫囑,這些環節最常用的語句,同學們必須掌握。
一、醫生詢問病情的常用語句:
1. What's wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎麼了?
What's your trouble, young man? 年輕人, 你哪裡不舒服?
When did it start? 從何時開始生病的?
2. How are you (feeling) now? 你現在覺得怎麼樣?
Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了嗎?
3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 你頭痛/咳嗽嗎?
4. When did you feel unwell? 你什麼時候覺得不舒服的?
5. When did the pain start? 疼痛何時開始的?
6. Did you sleep well? 你睡得好嗎?
Do you feel tired? 你覺得疲勞嗎?
7. How long have you been like this? 你像這樣有多久了?
8. Did you eat anything for breakfast? 你早飯吃了什麼沒有?
二、病人訴說病情的常用語句:
1. I don't feel very well. / I'm not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。
2. I have (got) a headache. 我頭痛。
I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。
I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我後背痛。
There's something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有毛病了。
3. I feel terrible. 我感到很難受。
I feel even worse. 我感到情況更糟了.
4. I don't feel like eating anything. 我什麼都不想吃.
5. I dream too much. 我的夢特別多.
I can't fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不著.
6. It began two days ago. 兩天前開始的.
7. I don't feel any better now. 我感覺沒有什麼好轉.
8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午飯我吃的是面條.
三、醫生檢查、診斷和治療的常用語句:
1. Open your mouth and say "Ah---'. 張嘴說 "啊---- ".
2. Let me take your temperature. 讓我給你量量體溫.
3. There's nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你沒什麼大問題.
4. You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒.
5. You have to be in hospital. 你得住院.
6. You'd better stay in bed for a few days. 你最好卧床幾天.
You'd better not eat too much sugar. 你最好別吃太多的糖.
Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, you'll feel much healthier.
少吃些,多鍛煉,不久你的身體就會健康得多.
Drink more water. 多喝水.
You should drink a lot of water. 你應該多喝水。
Have a good rest. 好好休息.
7. Take one of these pills twice a day. 這些葯每次服一片,每天兩次.
Take the medicine after meals. 飯後服葯.
8. You'll soon be all right. 你很快就會康復的.
I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就會好起來。
Try to relax before you go to sleep. 睡覺前盡量放鬆一下。
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(三)
【語法聚焦】
一、用現在進行時表示將要發生的動作,例如:
1. What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准備干什麼?
I'm visiting my grandmother. 我准備去看我的奶奶。
When are you going? 你想什麼時候去?
What's she doing for vacation? 她假期准備干什麼?
She is going camping. 她打算去野營。
What are they doing for vacation? 他們假期准備干什麼?
They are relaxing at home. 他們打算在家裡放鬆一下。
2.還有一些動詞的現在進行時形式表示將要發生的動作:
leave, come, stay,hike等。
例如:
1) My father is leaving for Shanghai next week.
我父親下周要動身去上海。
2) A: Mary! Supper is ready. 瑪麗!晚飯好了。
B: I'm coming, mum. 媽媽,我馬上就來。
3) A: What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准備干什麼?
B: I'm going hiking in the mountains. 我准備去山裡遠足。
4) I'm staying home to do my homework next Sunday.
下個星期天我准備待在家裡做作業。
二、課文注釋
1. go fishing 去釣魚
同樣的用法還有:
go shopping 去購物
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(四)
【語法聚焦】
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.花費某人某些時間去做某事; 例如:
It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.
人們花了很多時間才到了那座大山。
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.
每天早晨我步行到學校要花費二十分鍾。
It will take three hours to finish the work.
完成那項工作需要花費三個小時。
2.動詞take還有其他詞義;例如:
1)得到;獲得
You have to take it as you find it.
對這個你只得將就些算了。
2)拿;握住;抓住
The mother took her child by the hand.
母親拉著孩子的手。
3)取走,拿走
Take this shopping home.
把這件買的東西拿回家。
The foods here are all free - take any you like.
這里的食品都是免費的,你們隨便吃吧。
Who has taken my chocolate?
誰拿了我的巧克力?
4)乘,坐,搭(車、船)
Shall we go by bus or take a cab?
我們是乘公共汽車去還是乘出租汽車去?
to take a bus to work
乘公共汽車上班
5)吃;喝;服用;吸入
Take your medicine. 把葯服下。
6)進行;作;為
to take a walk 散步
If you don't take / get more exercise you'll get fat.
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(五)
1. have to與情態動詞的區別
情態動詞不能單獨作謂語,後面必須接動詞原形一起構成謂語,have to也是這樣。
情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,而且所用的時態也受到一定的限制,但是have to有人稱和數的變化,可用於多種時態中,在一般現在時中,當主語是第三人稱單數時,要用has to,其餘人稱用have to;一般過去時中用had to;一般將來時中用will have to,例如:
She has to go to school by bus.
她不得不乘公共汽車去上學。
If you get ill, you'll have to see the doctor.
如果你生病的話,你就得看醫生。
2. have to與must的區別
have to和must都有「必須」的意思,那麼它們有哪些不同呢?
(1)含義和用法上的區別:
have to強調客觀上需要做某事,即表示外界條件的需要不得不做某事,含有「形勢逼迫」的意味;must強調說話者主觀上認為必須做某事,含有「主觀判斷」的意味,例如:
My bike was broken on my way to school. I had to walk there.
我的自行車在上學的路上壞了,我不得不走路去上學。
(我本來不願意走路,可是自行車壞了,不想走路也不行。)
We must learn English well.
我們必須學好英語。(主觀上有這種想法。)
(2)否定式的區別:
have to的否定式意為「不必」,must的否定式意為「禁止;不允許」。因此,以must開頭的一般疑問句的肯定回答為「Yes,主語+must」,否定回答為「No,主語+needn't / don't have to」。例如:
---Must I finish the homework now?我必須現在完成作業嗎?
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn't / don't have to)是的,你必須現在完成。(不,你不必。)
3.反意疑問句的構成區別:
(1)陳述部分含有have to時,其附加問句的謂語往往用助動詞do的相應形式或助動詞will。例如:
You had to go shopping yesterday, didn't you?
昨天你不得不去購物,是嗎?
(2)陳述部分含有must時,其附加問句的謂語,按下面幾種情況來確定:
A. must意為「必須」時,附加問句謂語用needn't。例如:
We must clean the room, needn't we?我們必須打掃房間,是嗎?
B. mustn't意為「禁止」之意,附加問句謂語用must。例如:
The boy mustn't play with the knife, must he?
那個男孩不能玩刀子,對嗎?
C. must意為「應該」時,附加問句謂語用mustn't。例如:
We must help each other, mustn't we?我們應該互相幫助,對嗎?
D. must意為「一定;想必」表示推測時,附加問句部分謂語要根據must後面的動詞來確定。例如:
Mr Wang must be at home, isn't he?王先生一定在家,對嗎?
註:
must表示的是一種相當肯定的與事實非常接近的推測。例如:
Mr Wang must be at home.其實就相當於Mr Wang is at home.
因此,它的反意疑問句的附加問句部分是isn't he也就很容易理解了。
又如:They must be right, aren't they?
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(六)
1) 形容詞的作用
形容詞在句子中一般充當表語、定語和賓語補足語,如:
Our school looks very beautiful. (表語)
There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定語)
Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (賓語補足語)
2) 形容詞的級別
形容詞有三種級別,即原級、比較級和最高級。當討論的對象是一個時應使用原級,當討論的對象是兩個時應使用比較級,當討論的對象在三個或更多時應使用最高級。
在形容詞原級後面加上er就成為比較級,在原級後加上est就成為最高級。一般的單音節形容詞直接加er或est,詞尾是不發音字母e的只加r或st,重讀閉音節應雙寫詞尾輔音字母再加er或est,如:
long—longer—longest,
nice—nicer—nicest,
big—bigger—biggest。
以輔音字母加y為結尾的雙音節形容詞應將y改為i再加上er或est,如:
early—earlier—earliest,
dirty—dirtier—dirtiest,
busy—busier—busiest。
多音節的形容詞比較級應在前面加上more,最高級應在前面加上most, 如:
important—more important—most important,
difficult—more difficult—most difficult。
有些特殊的形容詞有自己的變化規律, 如:
good/well—better—best, bad/badly—worse—worst,
many/much—more—most, little—less—least,
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
形容詞的比較級句型應使用連詞than或or,如:
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.
上海的天氣比北京的天氣熱.
Which subject is more important, English or math?
英語和數學, 哪個學科更重要?
形容詞的最高級前應加上定冠詞the,句型中應給出比較范圍,如:
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
長江是中國最長的河流.
The third truck carries the most books of all.
第三輛卡車在所有的卡車中載書最多.
兩個人或物比較時,如果只說明兩者相同或不同,則可使用as...as...句型,否定句為not as (so)...as...句型,這里形容詞仍使用原級,如:
Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生年齡一樣大.
Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生的年齡不一樣大.
新目標英語八年級上語法知識講解(七)
1. 現在進行時表示將來
當一個句子的意思涉及一個計劃好的事件或者明確的意圖時, 用現在進行時可以表示將來時間. 現在進行時的將來意義或者通過時間副詞或者通過上下文來暗示出來.
現在進行時表將來時常有「意圖」,「安排」(但不是固定不變的)或「打算」的含義。這種現在進行時比較生動,給人一種期待感,它常表示最近或較近的將來。所用動詞多是轉移動詞,如:
1) Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
2) A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine.
We are going shopping.
Would you like to come along?
2. 一般將來時和be going to 表示將來
1) 當說話人在做一個預測時, (他或她認為將來會發生或出現某種情況), will 和be going to都是可以用的.
2) 表達一種事先計劃或打算時( 說話人打算在將來做某事因為在過去他或她已制定了一個計劃或決定去做這件事),只能用be going to.
3) 表達意願時, 只能用will.
④ 初二英語語法有哪些
初二上
1. so+謂語+主語:…也一樣. 謂語:be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞
2. so+主語+謂語:的確如此,真的這樣.
3. help yourself/yurselves to...請隨便吃點...
4. 發現sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don』t really agree.
完全不同意I really don』t agree.
6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原則
既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原則
既....又...both…and….謂語用復數
7. 看起來,似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由於...而聞名be famous for….
9. 餐館就餐用語:a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here』s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That』s all.
10. 問路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right
12. 過橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb』s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what』s the matter?=what』s wrong?=what』s the trouble?怎麼了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那裡.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+時間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費了…時間
20. 路途遙遠It』s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That』s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分鍾的步行/駕駛路程:five minutes』 walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb』s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市
27. It』s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(對sb來說)做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 條件狀語從句:從句一般現在時,主句一般將來時。如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 為…做准備get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴
37. 生病用語:sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃葯,每天3次
39. take sb』s temperature 量體溫,look over 醫生檢查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多鍛煉
41. sb醒來: sb wake up, //sb 醒著的:sb be awake
42. sb 睡著了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙著…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠葯,light music 輕音樂
46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次
47. dream about…夢見…; dream of… 夢想成為…
48. 系動詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble製造麻煩,惹是生非,make a noise 製造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分鍾
51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而
52. write to sb. 寫信給sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情開朗
54. on time 准時;in time 按時
55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(別)做sth
56. land on …登陸
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來
58. 不定代詞:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we』re all by ourselves=we』re alone.單獨,獨自
60. feel a little afraid/don』t be afraid. 有點害怕/別害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也許,可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 遲早,早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧,保管
67. 我自學英語learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 學會…
69. 記日記 keep a diary,寫日記 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 單獨留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入團/黨
72. 越來越…:比較級+and+比較級; more and more +多音節詞。如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級,the +比較級。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 開/關(電器),turn up/down音量開大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整個故事,整件事情
76. 過了一會兒after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼臉
78. 名勝,景點interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大風;in the wind 在風里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒裝句(為了強調)There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 說完這些話,說著說著(伴隨狀語)。
85. I don』t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。
where to go. 我不知道該去哪裡。
what to do. 我不知道該做什麼。
86. wait for sb』s turn to do sth 等著輪到sb做sth
It』s sb』s turn to do sth. 輪到sb去做sth
被動:be+動詞過去分詞
eg:The trees are planted every year.
過去完成時:
過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經發生的動作或情況,一般用在描述過去的某個時點已經發生過的動作或情況的句子中,即:過去的過去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
當我們趕到時,足球比賽已經開始了。
過去完成時由「主語+had+動詞過去分詞」構成。其肯定句,否定句和疑問句結構如下:
肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
否定句:主語+had not+過去分詞+其他.
疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經工作兩年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經兩年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那時他已經工作兩年了嗎?
三、過去完成時的基本用法
1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作,表示對這一過去時間造成的結果或影響。常用以下幾種方式:
(1) 用by,before等構成的介詞短語。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上個月底,琳達已經學了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前約翰已經修好了那台機器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引導的時間狀語從句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我們到達車站之前,火車已經開了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到達機場時,飛機已經起飛了。
2. 過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發生開始的動作持續到
這一過去的時間。常與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我來這之前,在一家醫院已經工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
初二下
a pair of一雙,一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭,全年
all kinds of各種,各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現,發生
come true實現,達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sb do sth 讓某人干
get along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處(好)
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來,將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻,馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠(特別
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)謝謝(做)
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
他告訴我他自從十年前就一直在這兒工作了。
⑤ 初二上學期英語,都包含哪些語法知識
語法專項I
I. 名詞:在我們身邊存在著形形色色的人和事物,它們都有自己的稱呼,我們用來稱呼它們的詞就是名詞,概括來說表示人、事物、地方、現象等的名稱的詞都叫名詞。
一. 名詞的種類:名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞,普通名詞又分為個體名詞和集體名詞,物質名詞和抽象名詞。
1. 專有名詞:專有名詞是指人、地方、團體、機構等特有的名詞,它的第一個字母必須大寫,專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。
A. 表示人名:Li Bai,Mr Black,Doctor Zhang
B. 表示地名:China,London,Zhong Guan Cun Street.
C. 由普通名詞構成的專有名詞:the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.
2. 普通名詞:普通名詞指一類人或東西或一個抽象的名標,它可以進一步分為個體名詞、集合名詞、物質名詞和抽象名詞四類。
A. 個體名詞:表示某類人或事物中的個體:student,teacher,car.
B. 集合名詞:表示若干個體組成的集合體;family,police,people.
C. 抽象名詞:表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象的概念:music,love
D. 物質名詞:表示無法分為個體的物質或實物:water,tea,air
二. 名詞的數:表示可以計算數目的人或物稱為可數名詞,表示一個用單數,兩個以上用復數,可數名詞單數前面一般要用不定冠詞a / an,可數名詞復數是在單數名詞後面加「s」或「es」。可數名詞復數前不能用不定冠詞a / an。
1. 單數可數名詞,表示「一」的概念,要用名詞的單數形式,表示名詞的單數,要在名詞前加冠詞a或an。 eg:a book, a tree, a shark an octopus,an apple,an egg
2. 復數可數名詞:在英語中,如果要表示「二、三、四,……」概念時,要用名詞的復數形式,名詞的復數形式是在單數名詞後加上詞尾-s或-es構成的。
A. 名詞復數的規則變化。 a. 在一般情況下,詞尾後加-s。 books,cups,beds,boys,horses
b. 以s,x,sh,ch結尾的詞,詞尾加-es,讀|iz| buses,boxes,dishes,watches
c. 以f或fe結尾的詞,先將f或fe變成v,再加-es,讀|vz| half—halves,knife—knives
d. 以o結尾的詞,詞尾加-es或-s。 zoos,photos,radios,tomatoes,potatoes
e. 以輔音字母加y結尾的詞,先將y改為i再加-es。 cities,families,babies
B. 名詞復數的不規則變化。 man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,sheep—sheep
C. 有些名詞只有復數形式 clothes,trousers,pants,glasses
3. 不可數名詞表示量的概念時,在這些詞前加上數量詞。 eg:a cup of coffee,a piece of paper,three slices of bread
II. 不定代詞,我們所學的不定代詞有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。
⑥ 八年級上學期的英語語法總結(全部)!
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?重點語法:頻率副詞 詢問別人做某事的頻繁程度 提問用 How often 引導特殊疑問句 回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等頻率副詞。例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多長時間看一次電視?) B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看電視。) A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜歡的節目是什麼?) B: It's Animal World.(是《動物世界》。) A: How often do you watch it?(你多長時間看一次這個節目?)主要頻率副詞的等級排序: always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經常) > sometimes(有時) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)隔一段時間做某事數次用 數詞 + 時間間隔 的結構構成。如: once a week 一周一次(「一次」用特殊詞 once) twice a day 一天兩次(「兩次」用特殊詞 twice) three times a month 一個月三次(三次或三次以上用 基數詞 + times 的結構構成) four times a year 一年四次
重點短語:how often 多久一次 as for 至於;關於 how many 多少(針對可數名詞) how much 多少(針對不可數名詞) of course = sure 當然;確信 look after = take care of = care for 照顧;照看 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 許多;大量 every day 每一天 every night 每晚 hardly ever 幾乎不 be good for 對……有益 be good for one's health 有益健康 try to do sth. 嘗試做某事 get good grades 取得好成績 help sb. [to] do sth. 幫助某人做某事 kind of 有點 want [sb.] to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事 keep in good health 保持健康 No two men think alike. 人心各異。
Unit 2 What's the matter?重點語法:詢問別人如何感覺 了解人體器官和部位的英文名稱 了解一些常見病的英文名稱 告訴別人應該怎樣做和不應該怎樣做例句:A: What's the matter?(怎麼了?) B: I'm not feeling well.(我感覺不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。) A: When did it start?(什麼時候開始的?) B: About two days ago.(大約兩天前開始的。) A: Oh, that's too bad.(哦,這很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你應該躺下休息。) B: Yes, I think so.(是的,我是這么認為的。) A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康復。)重點短語: have a cold 患感冒 shouldn't = should not be stressed out 緊張的;有壓力的 a few 有些;幾個(針對可數名詞) a little [bit] 有些;幾個(針對不可數名詞) at the moment 此刻;現在 What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎麼了? lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 listen to 聽 for example 舉個例子 be good for 對……有益 it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事(對某人來說)……(加形容詞) get tired 感到疲倦 stay healthy 保持健康 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物給某人 need to do sth. 需要做某事
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?重點語法:用現在進行時態表示一般將來時態 強調某個動作已經計劃好即將按照計劃去執行例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林輝,放假准備干什麼呢?) B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅遊一周。) A: That sounds interesting!(這聽起來很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那裡准備幹些什麼事?) B: I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我准備上山徒步旅行。)How about you, Tony?(你呢,托尼?)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假准備幹些什麼呢?) A: I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜訪我在香港的朋友。) B: Oh yeah?(是嗎?)How long are you staying?(你要去多久啊?) A: Just for four days.(只去四天。)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想遠走太長時間。) B: Well, have a good time!(祝你旅途愉快!)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(記得從香港寄一張明信片回來!) A: Sure. Show me your photos when we get back to school.(當然。當我們再回學校的時候,再看看你的照片。)重點短語:how long 多久 get back = come back 回來 take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假 a lot = very much 很;非常 be going to do sth. 將要去做某事 sound + adj. 聽起來……(加形容詞) sound like + n. 聽起來像……(加名詞) have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物給某人看 want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 plan to do sth. 計劃做某事 spend sometime [in] doing sth. 花時間做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 ask sb. about sth. 詢問某人某方面的事情 go shopping 去購物 leave for 離開去某地
Unit 4 How do you get to school?重點語法:詢問別人做某事的方式 用 How 引導特殊疑問句 其回答有多種方式,其中一種結構是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的結構。 詢問兩地的距離用 how far 引導特殊疑問句 回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的結構。例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上學?) B: I take the subway.(我乘地鐵去上學。) A: How far is it from your home to school?(從家到學校多遠?) B: It's three miles.(有三英里遠。) A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(從家到學校需要花多長時間?) B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分鍾。)重點短語:by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽車 how far 多遠 depend on 依賴於 by boat = take the boat 乘船 look at 看 by train = take the train 乘火車 by bike = ride one's bike 騎車 by subway =take the subway 乘地鐵 by plane = take the plane 乘飛機 on foot 走路 get up 起床 have breakfast 吃早飯 leave for somewhere 離開去某地 take sb. to somewhere 帶某人去某地 half an hour = thirty minutes 半小時(三十分鍾) around the world = all over the world 全世界 get to school 到學校 think of 認為 on weekend 在周末
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?重點語法:詢問並請求某人做某事例句:A: Hey, Dave.(你好,戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看電影嗎?) B: I'm sorry, I can't.(對不起,我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(這個周末我有太多作業要做。) A: That's too bad.(這太糟了。)Maybe another time.(只好等下一次了。) B: Sure, Joe.(當然,喬。)Thanks for asking.(謝謝你的邀請。)重點短語:the day after tomorrow 後天 the day before yesterday 前天 come over 來訪 study for a test 復習迎考 go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病 have to 不得不;必須(強調客觀上) must 不得不;必須(強調主觀上) help sb. with sth. = help sb. [to] do sth. 幫助某人做某事 too much + n. 太多(針對不可數名詞) too many + n. 太多(針對可數名詞) much too + adj. 太……(加形容詞) go to the movies 看電影 practice doing sth. 練習做某事 thanks for [doing] sth. 為(做)某事而感謝 go to the dentist 看牙醫 be going to do sth. 將要做某事(該事已計劃好) will do sth. 將要做某事(該事尚未計劃) keep quiet 保持安靜
Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.重點語法:在兩件或多件事物中進行比較 使用形容詞的比較級和最高級 通常形容詞的比較級是在形容詞後加 -er(以e結尾的單詞直接加r,閉音節輔音字母結尾雙寫輔音字母加-er)的結構構成,最高級是在形容詞前加 the ,形容詞後加 -est(以e結尾的單詞直接加st,閉音節輔音字母結尾雙寫輔音字母加-est)的結構構成。(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容詞 big 的原級、比較級和最高級;small → smaller → the smallest 形容詞 small 的原級、比較級和最高級) 當一個單詞有3個或以上音節時,其比較級是在形容詞前加 more 的結構,其最高級是在形容詞前加 the most 的結構構成。(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容詞 expensive 的原級、比較級和最高級;outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容詞 outgoing 的原級、比較級和最高級)例句:A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活潑開朗一些。) B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一樣。)We are both quiet.(我們都很靜。) A: Do you look the same?(你們長相相像嗎?) B: No, I'm a little taller than her.(不,我比她高一點。)重點短語:more than 超出…… in common 共同的 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 most of 大多數 in some ways 在某些方面 the same as 與……一樣 make sb. + adj. 讓某人(感覺)……(加形容詞) stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停止當前做的事去做另一件事 begin with 以……開始 each other 互相 enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高興 spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花時間做某事 plan to do sth. 計劃做某事 on a farm 在農場
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?重點語法:描述一個過程 服從別人的指令 詢問做某事的過程用 how 引導特殊疑問句 分步回答用 first(首先), next(接著), then(然後), finally(最後) 等時間副詞引導從句。例句:A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉?) B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三個香蕉、三個蘋果和一個西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下來把水果放到一個碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然後放入兩勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。) Finally mix it all up.(最後將它們放在一起攪拌。)重點短語:turn on 打開(電器)[閉合開關] turn off 關閉(電器)[斷開開關] cut up 切碎 mix up 混合 add ... to ... 把……加到……上 pour ... into ... 把……澆到……裡面 put ... in ... 把……放到……裡面 put ... on ... 把……放到……上面 a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺
Unit 8 How was your school trip?重點語法:一般過去時態結構:主語 + 謂語動詞的過去式 + 賓語 談論過去發生的事情用一般過去時態 do/does 的一般過去時態形式:did例句:Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上個星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亞州。)The weather was beautiful.(那兒的天氣很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)重點短語:hang out 閑逛 sleep late 睡過頭 take photos = take pictures 照相 have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高興 at the end of 在……的盡頭 the class monitor 班長 a day off 一整天 go for a drive 開車兜風 have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快 a bowl of 一碗 help sb. [to] do sth. 幫助某人做某事一些不規則動詞的原形和過去式:hang → hung buy → bought sleep → slept read/ri:d/ → read/red/
Unit 9 When was he born?重點語法:一般過去時態 談論著名人物例句:A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多長時間?) B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 個月。) A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什麼時候開始打嗝的?) B: He started in 1922.(他從 1922 年就開始打嗝了。) A: When did he stop hiccupping?(他什麼時候停止打嗝的?) B: He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。)重點短語:too ... to ... 太……以致不能…… take part in = join 參加 because of 因為…… major in 主修;專研 start doing sth. 開始做某事(該事已計劃好) start to do sth. 開始做某事(該事尚未計劃) spend sometime with sb. 花時間和某人在一起 spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花時間做某事 see sb. do sth. 看見某人做某事(強調全局) see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事(強調偶然性)
Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.重點語法:一般將來時態 do/does 的兩種一般將來時態形式:will do;be going to do 兩種形式的區別:will do 強調事情尚未計劃好而即將做 be going to do 強調事情已計劃好並將按照計劃來做 本單元重點強調 be going to do 的形式。例句:A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准備幹些什麼?) B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音樂課。)I really love music.(我很喜歡音樂。) A: Sounds interesting.(聽起來很有趣。)I'm going to learn a foreign language.(我明年要學一門外語。)重點短語:grow up 成長;長大 at the same time 同時 all over 遍及 all over the world = around the world 全世界 be going to do sth. 將要做某事 practice doing sth. 練習做某事 study hard 努力學習 take lessons 上課 sound + adj. 聽起來……(加形容詞) sound like + n. 聽起來像……(加名詞) save money 存錢 buy sb. sth. = by sth. for sb. 給某人買某物 buy sth. with the money 用錢買某物 write articles 寫文章 learn to do sth. 學習做某事 get good grades 取得好成績 play sports 運動 keep fit 保持健康 write to sb. 給某人寫信 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?重點語法:委婉請求別人做某事 引導詞用 can, shall, will 等情態動詞的過去時態例句:A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的電腦嗎?) B: Sorry. I'm going to work on it now.(對不起,我正在忙著用電腦。) A: Well, could I watch TV?(那麼,我能看電視嗎?) B: Yes, you can.(是,你可以看電視。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打掃完房間之後。)重點短語:do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗 take out 取出 make one's bed 整理床鋪 work on 從事;忙於 do chores = do housework 幹家務 do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服 take care of = care for = look after 照看;照顧 sweep the floor 掃地 fold one's clothes 疊衣服 go to the movies 看電影 get a ride 騎車 go to a meeting 開會 hate (to do/doing) sth. 討厭做某事 like (to do/doing) sth. 喜歡做某事 invite sb. to somewhere 邀請某人去某地 go to the store = go shopping 購物 forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(該事尚未做) forget doing sth. 忘記做某事(該事已做過) give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物給某人 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 買某物給某人 on vacation 度假
Unit 12 What's the best radio station?重點語法:在各事物間進行比較 用形容詞的原形、比較級和最高級例句:A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(你好,我是記者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能問你一些問題嗎?) B: Sure.(當然可以。) A: What's the best clothing store in town?(城裡最好的服裝店是哪一家?) B: I think Jason's is the best.(我認為傑森服裝店是最好的。) A: Why do you think so?(為什麼這樣認為呢?) B: Jason's has the best quality clothes.(傑森服裝店有質量最好的服裝。)重點短語:close to = near 靠近;接近 inexpensive = cheap 便宜的 clothing store 服裝店 radio station 廣播站 talent show 業余歌手演唱會 it is adj. [for sb.] to do sth. 做某事(對某人來說)感覺……(加形容詞) cut the price 打折 not ... at all = not ... in the slightest 一點也不 in fact 實際上 pay for 為……而付款 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花錢買了某物 good/well → better → the best 形容詞 good /副詞 well 的原級、比較級和最高級 bad/badly → worse → the worst 形容詞 bad /副詞 badly 的原級、比較級和最高級
⑦ 八年級上英語語法總結全部誰知道
八年級上冊學的都比較簡單,形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級,句子成分,類型,簡單句的五種基本句型,賓語從句,各種時態包括一般現在時,現在進行時,一般過去時,一般將來時,情態動詞和動詞不定式等……具體內容如下——
一、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
1) 單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
great (原級) greater(比較級) greatest(最高級)
2) 以 -e 結尾的單音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -r 和 -st 構成。
wide (原級) wider (比較級) widest (最高級)
3)少數以-y, -er, -ow, -ble結尾的雙音節形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加 -er 和 -est 構成。
clever(原級) cleverer(比較級) cleverest(最高級)
4) 以 -y 結尾,但 -y 前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 構成.
happy (原形) happier (比較級) happiest (最高級)
5) 以一個輔音字母結尾其前面的母音字母發短母音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母然後再加 -er和-est。
big (原級) bigger (比較級) biggest (最高級)
6) 雙音節和多音節形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more 和 most 加在形容詞前面來構成。
beautiful (原級)? difficult (原級)
more beautiful (比較級) more difficult (比較級)
most beautiful (最高級) most difficult (最高級)
不規則變化
原級 比較級 最高級
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
deep deeper deepest
tall taller tallest
形容詞比較級的用法:
形容詞的比較級用於兩個人或事物的比較,其結構形式如下:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+ 形容詞比較級+than+ 對比成分。 也就是, 含有形容詞比較級的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下對比的成分。
形容詞最高級的用法:
形容詞最高級用於兩個以上的人和物進行比較, 其結構形式為:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示範圍的短語或從句。
二、句子成分
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數詞,不定式等充當。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態或特徵。
一般可分為兩類:
1),簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態,語態和語氣。
2),復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
3、表語
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之後,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數詞,動詞不定式等。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之後。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
三、句子類型:
1、簡單句的基本形式是由一個主語加一個謂語構成。
2、復合句(Complex Sentence)由一個主句(Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構成。
3、兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用並列連詞連在一起構成的句子,叫做並列句,其基本結構是「簡單句+並列連詞+簡單句」。
四、簡單句的五種基本句型
基本句型一: S V (主+謂)
基本句型二: S V P (主+謂+表)
基本句型三: S V O (主+謂+賓)
基本句型四: S V o O (主+謂+間賓+直賓)
基本句型五: S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補)
五、賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用,沒有實在的意義,在口語
和非正式文體中可以省略。
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。if或whether引導的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是「是否」。
初二上冊學的賓從就是這些。
六、時態:
一. 一般現在時: (1)表示現在的狀態, 例如:He』s twelve. (2)表示經常性的或習慣性的動作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主語具備的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示經常性的或習慣性的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+動詞原形... 例如:They go to school every day.
b.第三人稱單數: He/She/It+動詞-s/es… 例如:Lily often likes singing.
(2)系動詞(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: They/We/You+don』t+動詞原形... 例如:They don』t go to school every day.
b.第三人稱單數:He/She/It+doesn』t +動詞原形… 例如:Lily doesn』t like singing.
(2)系動詞(be): 在is/am/are後加not 例如:I am not a worker.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
a. 第一、二人稱,復數人稱: Do+they/we/you+動詞原形...
例如:Do they go to school every day? (Yes, they do. No, they don』t.)
b.第三人稱單數: Does +he/she/iIt+動詞原形…
例如: Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn』t.)
(2)系動詞(be):把is/am/are提在主語前.
例如:Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I』m not.)
二.現在進行時: 表示現在正在進行的動作或發生的事情.常與now, look…, listen…等表示現在狀態的時間狀語連用.
1.肯定句結構: 主語+is/am/are+動詞-ing…
例如: The boys are playing football now.
2.否定句結構: 在is/am/are後加not
例如: The boys aren』t playing football now.
3. 一般疑問句結構: 把is/am/are提在主語前.
例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.)
三.一般過去時:表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態.常與yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示過去狀態的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+動詞的過去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系動詞(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.
2.否定句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: 主語+didn』t+動詞原形…
例如: The twins didn』t go to school two hours ago.
(2)系動詞(be): 在was/were後加not
例如: I wasn』t at home last night.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
(1) 行為動詞: Did+主語+動詞原形…?
例如: Did the twins go to school two hours ago?
(Yes, they did. No, they didn』t.)
(2)系動詞(be): 把was/were提在主語前.
例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was』t.)
四.一般將來時: 表示將來某時將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,也表示將來經常或反復發生的動作.常與tomorrow…, next…等表示將來狀態的時間狀語連用.
1. 肯定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 主語+will+動詞…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用於口語: 主語+am/is/are going to+動詞…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
2.否定句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 在will後加not
例如: We won』t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won』t)
(2)用於口語: 在is/am/are後加not.
例如: Tom isn』 going to see his uncle next Sunday.
3. 一般疑問句結構:
(1)用於書面語: 把will提在主語前.
例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we won』t.)
(2)用於口語: 把is/am/are提在主語前.
例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday?
(Yes, he is. No, he isn』t.)
五.情態動詞: can(能,會), may(可以,可能,也許), must(必須,一定,應該)
have to(必須,不得不)
1. 肯定句結構: 主語+can/may/must+動詞…
例如: I must go now.
2.否定句結構: 在can/may/must後加not. 例如: I mustn』t go now.
3. 一般疑問句結構: 把can/may/must提在主語前.
Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I needn』t.)
May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you needn』t.)
六.had better+動詞原形,表示「最好乾……」,變否定句時在had better後加not.
例如:You had better catch a bus.
You』d better not catch a bus. (You had= You』d )
七.動詞不定式:want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 動詞原形…
例如: I want to get back my book..
Lucy went to see his mother last night.
九.特殊疑問句的變換:對劃線部分提問時,將劃線部分去掉,剩下部分變一般疑問句語序。(對主語提問例外)
例如: My name is Lily. What』s your name?
The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?
同學,這可是我結合課本與網路「嘔心瀝血」總結出來的,希望對你有所幫助,如果還不行,建議到人教網把電子課本翻到後面也還有。
⑧ 初二英語語法知識點整理
中考重點句型
一、常使用動詞不定式的短語
1、It』s time to do sth.\ It』s time for sth
該作某事的時候了.
2、can』t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告訴某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 應該作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…時要做/與…無關
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 發覺作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
寧願作某事,而不願作某事
10、It』s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事對某人來說…
11、It』s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些時間
二、常用動名詞的短語
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
繼續做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 練習作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅長作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎麼樣(好嗎)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 為…感謝某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用來作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花時間作某時
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙於作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某時
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡…勝過…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 習慣作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略動詞不定式的短語
1、一看二聽三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don』t you/ not do sth.為什麼不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
請你(不)作某事好嗎?
四、 同義詞比較
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘記/記得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘記記得曾經做過某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 過去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用來作某事
be used to doing sth. 習慣於作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語
…也一樣
So +主語+be/助動詞/ 情態動詞
是呀,表示贊同別人的觀點
Neither + be /助動詞/ 情態動詞+主語
…也不一樣(用於否定句)
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It』s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn』t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此…以致…
such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(從句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(對某人來說)做某事(不)夠
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can』t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can』t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知識點
1、keep +adj. 保持…狀態
keep (sb.) doing sth.
繼續做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It』s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成為
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don』t think that 我認為…不
eg. I don』t think you are right.
4、It』s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般過去時… 自從…以來有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什麼意思?
eg. What do you mean by 「computer」?=What does 「computer」 mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你認為…怎麼樣?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎麼樣?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It』s said/ reported that… 據說/據報道
It's well known that 眾所周知
It's thought that 大家認為
eg. It』s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(兩者都不)
either…or…要麼…要麼/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三個詞做主語時,要用就近原則
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 兩者都不
either of 兩者選一
none of 沒有一個
以上三個做主語時,謂語動詞用單數
All of 全部 Both of 兩者都
以上二個做主語時,謂語動詞用復數
12、比較級+ than +any other +名詞單數
…比其餘任何一個…
比較級+ than + the other+名詞復數
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When(當…的時候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)這幾個詞引導的時間或條件狀語從句時,主句要用一般將來時.
從句一般現在時
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I』ll come to see you.
He won』t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won』t catch up with others.
⑨ 八年級英語知識點 最新
英語語法中的16種時態
所謂「時」就是行為發生的時段或狀態存在的時段,即:現在、過去、將來和過去將來四種;所謂「態」就是行為或狀態發生時說呈現的狀態,有一般狀態、進行狀態、完成狀態或完成進行狀態四種。由時和態結合,便形成下列十六種時態:
一般狀態:一般現在時,一般過去時,一般將來時,一般過去將來時;
進行狀態:現在進行時,過去進行時,將來進行時,過去將來進行時;
完成狀態:現在完成時,過去完成時,將來完成時,過去將來完成時;
完成進行狀態:現在完成進行時,過去完成進行時,將來完成進行時,過去將來完成進行時.
一、 一般現在時
1.概念:經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
2.時間狀語: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本結構:動詞 原形 (如主語為第三人稱單數,動詞上要改為第三人稱單數形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用doesn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首;用助動詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數,則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。6.例句:. It seldom ['seldəm]很少snows here.
He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words..
二、 一般過去時
1.概念:過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
2.時間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本結構:be動詞;行為動詞 的過去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did 提問,同時還原行為動詞。6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 現在進行時
1.概念:表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
2.時間狀語:now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本結構:be+doing 4.否定形式:be+not+doing.
5.一般疑問句:把be動詞放於句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 過去進行時
1.概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
2.時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。3.基本結構 s+was/were+doing 4.否定形式:s+was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑問句:把was或were放於句首。(第一個字母大寫)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 現在完成時
1.概念:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。2.時間狀語:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點,for+時間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本結構:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑問句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 過去完成時
1.概念:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。2.時間狀語:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本結構:had + done. 4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑問句:had放於句首。6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
七、 一般將來時
1.概念:表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
2.時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本結構:主語+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。
5.一般疑問句:be放於句首;will/shall提到句首。6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
八、 過去將來時
1.概念:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。
2.時間狀語:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問句:was或were放於句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .
九、將來完成時
1.概念:在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態
2.時間狀語:by the time of;by the end of+時間短語(將來);by the time+從句(將來)
3.基本結構:be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
十、現在完成進行時
1.概念:表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在的動作。這一動作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續,並可能延續到將來。2.基本結構:have/has +been+doing
3.時間狀語:since+時間點,for+時間段等。4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
十一、 一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中,延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中;②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中,表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思,主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看:A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中,at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」,如at work(在工作), at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看:Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來,媽媽!」請看:
The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.
時態 - 互相轉換
日期表達
英語日期的表達與漢語不同。英語表達的順序為
"月、日、年",2004年11月4日就可寫成November 4th, 2004,還可表示為
November fourth, 2004。也可寫成"日、月、年",4th November, 2004即the fourth of November, 2004。
朗讀方面在朗讀時,"月份"一般直接用英語讀出;"日"則要讀成"the 序數詞";
讀年份時,一般分為兩個單位來讀,前兩個數為一個單位,後兩個數為一個單位。
如:1982年讀作nineteen eighty-two, 1900年讀作nineteen hundred。
如果是三位數,先讀第一位,再把後兩個數合起來讀。
如:984年可讀為nine eighty-four,757年讀成seven fifty-seven。
另外,像2000年一般讀成two thousand, 2001年則讀成two thousand and one,
以此類推,2004年應讀成two thousand and four。
January 12th, 1993讀成January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three。
英語日期的表示法
用英語表示日期,其順序為「月+日+年」,日和年之間需用逗號隔開。
如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。
也可以用「日+月+年」來表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日
英語日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到
某一天,則需用介詞on
January一月(略寫為Jan.) February二月(略寫為Feb.) March三月
(略寫為Mar.) April 四月(略寫為Apr.) May五月
June 六月 (略寫為Jun.) July七月 (略寫為Jul.) August八月 (略寫為
Aug.) September九月(略寫為Sept.) October十月(略寫為Oct.) November十一月
(略寫為Nov.) December十二月(略寫為Dec.)
⑩ 人教版初二英語上冊語法知識
初二英語上冊語法知識主要有:1、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(原級,比較級和最高級)
比較級是用於兩者間的比較,即比較級+than 結構。最高級表示三者或三者以上的人或事物的比較,形容詞最高級前一定要加the ,後面可以帶of 或in 短語來說明比較范圍。如 He is the tallest in our class,
2. 要掌握as --as --和not as(so ) --as--句式。表示兩者當中在某一方面相同時用as --as --,如I think science is as important as math.表示甲在某一方面不如乙時要用not as (so) --as--如He did not come as\so early as Wang Lin.
3動詞的種類:分行為動詞、連系動詞、助動詞、和情態動詞四種。
4、動詞的時態。
(1)現在進行時可以用來表示按計劃或安排將要進行的動作,有意圖或打算等含義。如
What are you doing for vacation? I'm visiting my friends in Hong Kong.
(2) "be going to +動詞原形」表示將要發生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。如
We are going to the Great Wall on Sunday morning.
5, 簡單句的五種基本類型
S +V We often exercise.S + V +O He likes swimming.S +V+ P They are my friends.
S +V +INO+ DO .She gave me a gift. S+V+O+OC He made the boy laugh.等
6賓語從句:(1)由that 引導(that 在口語或非正式文體中常省略)如
I don't think (that ) she can speak French.
(2) 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導,如
I want to know where she lives.
(3) 由whether 或if 來引導(口語中常用if )
She asked me if she could borrow these books.