⑴ 有哪些葯物是一歲之前的寶寶不能服用的
給寶寶服用葯物需要格外的小心，美國專業兒科醫生給出的建議是：媽媽們一定要注意以下9種葯物，盡量避免給寶寶們服用。 媽媽給寶寶服用任何葯物，特別是首次使用前，一定要咨詢下醫生。嬰兒比成人更容易有葯物的不良反應，所以給孩子服用處方或非處方（OTC）葯物，甚至是「本草」的葯物都是件嚴肅的事。 Consult a doctor before giving your baby any medication, especially the first time. Babies are much more likely than alts to have adverse drug reactions, so giving your child prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medication – even "herbal" medicines – is serious business. 以下的這些葯物，媽媽們要盡量避免給寶寶服用。 Here are some medicines you should never give your baby. 阿司匹林 不要給寶寶服用阿司匹林或含阿司匹林的葯物，除非醫生這樣給出這樣葯方安排。 媽媽們給寶寶服用葯物前，務必要仔細閱讀標簽（阿司匹林有時也被稱為「水楊酸鹽」或「乙醯水楊酸」），如果你不能確定一個產品是否是阿司匹林，可以詢問下醫生。 Aspirin Never give your baby aspirin or any medication containing aspirin unless instructed to do so by your baby's doctor. Aspirin can make a child susceptible to Reye's syndrome – a rare but potentially fatal illness. Don't assume that the children's medicines found in drugstores will be aspirin-free. Read labels carefully (aspirin is sometimes referred to as "salicylate" or "acetylsalicylic acid"), and ask your doctor or pharmacist if you're not sure whether a proct is aspirin-free. 過度的非處方咳嗽和感冒葯 美國小兒科學會（AAP）建議不要讓嬰兒服用非處方的咳嗽或者感冒葯。研究表明，它們實際上並不利於孩子在這個年齡段的症狀舒緩。當一個孩子錯誤地服用超過推薦劑量的葯物後，危害是非常大的。 除了副作用，如嗜睡或失眠，胃部不適和皮疹或蕁麻疹，孩子還可能能受到其他的嚴重影響，如心臟急速率，抽搐，甚至死亡。 如果你的寶寶的感嚴重，媽媽可以嘗試下在室內使用加濕器或其他家庭的補救措施。 Over-the-counter cough and cold medicine The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises against giving OTC cough and cold medicines to babies. Studies show that they don't actually help soothe symptoms in kids this age. And they can be harmful, especially when a child mistakenly gets more than the recommended dose. In addition to side effects like drowsiness or sleeplessness, upset stomach, and a rash or hives, a child can suffer serious effects such as rapid heart rate, convulsions, and even death. If your baby's miserable with a cold, you may want to try a humidifier or other home remedies. 抗惡心葯物 除非醫生建議，不然不要給寶寶服用抗惡心的葯物。嘔吐的發作大多是相當短暫的，而嬰兒和兒童使用簡單的常規處理就可以，不必服用任何葯物。此外，抗惡心葯物有引發並發症的風險。 Anti-nausea medication Don't give your baby a prescription or anti-nausea medication unless his doctor specifically recommends it. Most bouts of vomiting are pretty short-lived, and babies and children usually handle them just fine without any medication. In addition, anti-nausea medications have risks and possible complications. 成人用葯 有媽媽們會給寶寶服用相對較少劑量的成人葯物，但實際上這好是非常危險的。如果標簽上沒有註明適合兒童的劑量和服葯年齡，最好不要給寶寶服用成人葯物。 Alt medication Giving your baby a smaller dose of medicine meant for an alt is dangerous. If the label doesn't indicate an appropriate dose for the weight and age of your child, don't give her that medication. 任何過期的葯物 任何過期的葯物對孩子的傷害都是巨大的，所以媽媽們在給孩子們服葯之前最好先看看葯物的有效期。 Anything expired Toss out medicines, prescription and OTC alike, as soon as they expire. Also get rid of discolored or crumbly medicines – basically anything that doesn't look the way it did when you first bought it. 過量的對乙醯氨基酚 有些葯物中都含有對乙醯氨基酚，以幫助緩解發熱和疼痛，媽媽在給寶寶服用此類葯物時，要非常小心，不要過量。 Extra acetaminophen Some medicines contain acetaminophen to help ease fever and pain, so be careful not to give your baby an additional separate dose of acetaminophen if she's taking such medications. 咀嚼片 咀嚼片種類的葯對孩子來說是有窒息的風險的。 Chewables Chewable tablets or other kinds of medicine in tablet form are a choking hazard for babies. If your baby's eating solids and you want to use a tablet, ask your child's doctor or pharmacist if it's okay to crush it and put in a spoonful of soft food, like yogurt or applesauce. 吐根糖漿 吐根糖漿會導致孩子嚴重的嘔吐。 Syrup of ipecac Syrup of ipecac causes vomiting. 呵護悠為您帶來更多歐美先進育兒理念！
⑵ 兒童禁用，哪些葯不能給寶寶吃
1. 鏈黴素、卡那黴素、慶大黴素等有可能損害兒童的聽神經，引起耳聾。
2. 多黏菌素、去甲腎上腺素能引起兒童的腎臟損傷。
3. 胃復安能引起一些兒童的腦損傷。
4. 四環素、氟哌酸等葯物能影響幼兒牙齒、骨骼的發育。
5. 感冒通能引起兒童血尿；滴鼻凈(萘甲唑啉)能引起兒童中毒等。
⑶ 哪些退燒葯嚴禁給寶寶吃原因是什麼呢
少年兒童禁止使用：阿斯匹林退熱葯——最常見，可是對孩子的不良反應非常大，最嚴重得話可能刺激性到小孩的胃腸，造成潰爛、流血、耳嗚等，在西方國家已淘汰。帶有阿斯匹林成份的「賴氨匹林」也不能給寶寶用，因為它會造成胃腸道出血、血小板減少症，還可引起過敏性休克和哮喘病中重度發病。氨基比林退熱葯——別名字叫做安痛定，和安乃近成份、功效相近，氨基比林可以引起亞急性溶血性貧血，產生紅疹等不良反應。
體溫低於38.5℃，建議物理退燒：物理退燒的方式有很多種，原理是通過皮膚和外界環境接觸，藉助流動的水或空氣將寶寶體內的熱量帶走，達到退熱的目的。經皮膚蒸發水分散熱是最主要途徑，佔90%以上。所以發燒時不要給寶寶穿太多，應該少穿蓋。降低室內溫度，保持家裡的環境舒適，空氣流通，讓寶寶多休息。