Ⅰ 初級英語基礎專項題附答案
初級英語基礎專項題（附答案）
導語：期末考試要到了，我覺得這些專項練習題能夠幫助初中同學、尤其是初二的同學進行知識點復習和梳理，所以分享給大家，好好練練吧!
一. 詞形轉換
I. 辨別下列單詞是可數名詞還是不可數名詞
call cartoon coin eye exercise fingernail food
haircut homework hour job money news paper
person postage truck weather work
II. 將下列名詞變成復數形式
(1) The _______ are playing football. (boy)
(2) We are _______ , we live in China. (Chinese)
(3) These are Lucy’s _______ . (box)
(4) How many _______ are there in the village? (woman)
(5) One of the ________ is a Young Pioneer. (girl)
(6) I have two (leg) _______ and _______ . (foot)
III. 人稱代詞的轉換
(1) A friend of _______ will come to visit her this evening. (she)
(2) Are these your pens ? They aren’t ______ . (I)
(3) Would you please give _______ the pencil? (he)
(4) Is this _______ book ? (you)
(5) _______ had an English party last Sunday. (we)
(6) They enjoyed _______ very much at the party. (they)
IV. 用little , a little , few , a few填空
(1) The question is so hard that very _______ students in our class can answer it .
(2) “Can you speak Chinese ?”“Yes , only _______ .”
(3) There is no milk in my bottle. Could you let me have _______ .
(4) Hurry up ! There is _______ time left.
(5) Lucy has been here for a year . She has made _______ friends .
V. 用下列代詞填空
all, another, any, both, many, much, some, one…the other, other, others, the others
(1) You may keep the book for one month, but you mustn’t lend it to _______ .
(2) There’re fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls and _______ are boys .
(3) We don’t have too _______ time.
(4) My sister and I are _______ good at Maths.
(5) We study maths, English and some _______ subjects .
(6) Are there _______ animals on the farm?
(7) There’re forty students in our class. _______ of us are Chinese .
(8) Would you like _______ water?
(9) Mary has two friends. One is Lucy , _______ is Kate .
(10) We have _______ books to read.
VI.
A. 將下列詞變為形容詞形式
care _______ use _______ wind _______ cloud _______
rain _______ sun _______ friend _______ interest _______
B. 將下列形容詞變為副詞形式
easy _______ hard _______ careful _______ early _______
slow _______ quick _______ kind _______ clear _______
usual _______ real _______ bad _______ heavy _______
good _________
C. 動詞、名詞互變
work _______ teach _______ sing _______ drive _______write ____
D. 用括弧中詞的.正確形式填空
(1) I think the tool is very _______ . (use)
(2) Lily had a _______ breakfast and went out . (quick)
(3) We are very _______ to the new student. (friend)
(4) You can _______ find the cinema, it’s not far from our school. (easy)
(5) The teacher asked us to be more _______ . (care)
(6) Tom’s father is a _______ . He works in a factory . (work)
(7) What a _______ day ! (wind)
(8) Look at the panda . How _______ it walks ! (slow)
(9) The story is very (interest)_______ , I’m very ____ in it .
VII. 用動詞非謂語形式填空
(1) It’s very kind of you _______ that for me. (do)
(2) Farmers use trucks _______ their procts to the markets . (take)
(3) I’d like _______ (buy)some oranges.
(4) Jack promised _______ to the English party . (come)
(5) Kate is always ready _______ others . (help)
(6) Our teacher likes _______ friends with us . (make)
(7) Cindy often helps me _______ the flowers . (water)
(8) We have _______ the car and wait for the lights to change . (stop)
(9) “Must I _______ home so early ?”(leave)
“No , you needn’t .”
(10) You mustn’t _______ football every day . (play)
(11) It takes them three weeks _______ how to drive a car . (learn)
(12) Will you please _______ me your phone number? (tell)
(13) Our teacher asked us _______ these maths exercises . (do)
(14) Jim’s father told him _________ him with the work . (help)
(15) The teacher asked the boy _______ late again . (not be)
(16) You’d better _______to school at once. (go)
(17) It’s raining hard now . You’d better _______ . (not leave)
(18) Do you know how _______ this question ? (answer)
(19) My sister and I enjoy _______ TV very much . (watch)
(20) Does she want _______ the film tomorrow? (see)
(21) Lucy and Lily are busy _______ the classroom now . (clean)
(22) Jack’s father never lets him _______ football after meals. (play)
(23) Mary began _______ English when she was six. (learn)
(24) Mr. Green decided _______ to Beijing by plane . (go)
VIII. 用動詞一般現在時填空
(1) _______ Lucy _______ apples ? (like)
(2) Mary often _______ to school . (walk)
(3) We sometimes _______ football after school . (play)
(4) My parents _______ a car . (not have)
(5) ______ you _____ the answer to the question ? (know)
IX. 用動詞現在進行時填空
(1) You can’t see them . They _______ model ships now. (not make)
(2) _______ Mary _______ an Chinese song now ? (sing)
(3) Jack’s sister _______ TV now . (not watch)
(4) Don’t go out . It _______ hard now . (rain)
(5) Some students _______ in the classroom. (read)
(6) _______ the students _______ the museum now ? (visit)
(7) Don’t make any noise. They _____ a meeting . (have)
X. 用動詞一般過去時填空
(1) Tom _______ TV last night . (not watch)
(2) Jack _______ late for school yesterday. (be)
(3) _______ you ill last week? (be)
(4) _______ Lucy _______ a good time yesterday ? (have)
(5) We _______ shopping last Saturday. (go)
XI. 選用適當的情態動詞填空
(1) “_______ I speak to Jake? ”“Speaking !”
(2) Don’t be late again . You _______ be here on time.
(3) You can’t park your car here . You _______ park it in the car-park .
(4) You _______ play on the street , it’s dangerous .
(5) You _______ talk to friends by telephone .
XII. 用how或what填空
(1) _______ heavy the traffic is !
(2) _______ a nice , kind boy!
(3) _______ bad the weather is today !
(4) _______ lovely babies !
(5) _______ bad weather !
(6) _______ busy they are !
(7) _______ a traffic jam !
(8) _______ beautiful Shanghai is !
XIII. 基數詞變序數詞
(1) Wednesday is the _______ day of the week . (four)
(2) July is the _______ month of the year . (seven)
(3) Every day , Tom is always the ______ to come to school . (one)
XIV. 用a / an填空
(1) _______ interesting story-book
(2) _______ nice old woman
(3) _______ American girl
(4) _______ u
(5) _______ song
(6) _______ useful tool
(7) _______ h
(8) _______ envelope
(9) ______ English teacher
(10) _______ hour
二. 選擇填空
( )1.“_______ you skate ?”“Sorry , I can’t .”
A. Can B. Must C. May
( )2.“Must I finish my homework at school ?”“No , you ____________ .”
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
( )3. Please be quiet. You ____talk loudly in the hospital.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. must
( )4.“________ you like some tea?”“Yes , please .”
A. Would B. Will C. Do
( )5.“Can you answer this question ?”“No , I _____ .”
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t
( )6. “_______ I use your pencil ?”“Certainly , here you are .”
A. Must B. May C. Shall
( )7. Please give the schoolbag _______ Jack .
A. to B. with C. /
( )8. Please give ______ the schoolbag.
A. his B. him C. he
( )9. The girls enjoyed ______ at the party .
A. ourselves B. themselves C. myself
( )10. We should keep ourselves __________ .
A. strong and health
B. strong and healthy
C. strongly and healthy
( )11. The story are _______ and we’re ______ in them .
A. interested ; interesting
B. interesting ; interested
C. interested , interested
( )12. You should _________ your car here, you shouldn’t ________ it by the road side .
A. park ; leave
B. parking , leaving
C. to park , to leave
( )13. Doing eye exercises is ________ for your eyes .
A. good B. bad C. not good
( )14. —__________ does it last ?—For half an hour .
A. How often B. How C. How long
( )15. __________ nice my house is !
A. What B. How C. What a
( )16. _______ warm day it is today !
A. What B. What a C. How a
( )17. _________ happily the boys are playing !
A. How B. What C. How a
( )18. “_________ I come to school at six ?”“No , you needn’t .”
A. Can B. Must C. Do
( )19. _________ delicious cake it is !
A. How a B. What a C. What
( )20. Let’s _______ a rest and _______ some water .
A. take , drink
B. take , to drink
C. to take, to drink
( )21. ______ New Year’s eve , we shall have a party .
A. In B. On C. At
( )22. They’re giving a lot of ________ to the guests .
A. foods and drink
B. food and drink
C. food and drinks
( )23. The Christmas tree is standing _______ the corner of the room .
A. at B. in C. on
( )24. Tom likes to make _______ with different ________ .
A. friends , people B. friend , people C. friends , peoples
( )25. “_________ do you visit your hometown ? ”“Once a year .”
A. How long B. How soon C. How often
( )26.“What kind of person is Mr. Green?”“He’s __________ .”
A. quiet and kind
B. quietly and kind
C. quiet and kindly
( )27. —Do you take regular _________ ?
—Yes , I do .
A. bath B. baths C. bathe
( )28. There’re all _________ of books in the library.
A. kinds B. kind C. sort
( )29. It’s very dark in the room , please ________ the lights .
A. turn off B. put C. turn on
( )30. Look ! The buses and cars are busy __________ .
A. come and go B. came and went C. coming and going
( )31. Be careful when you __________ the busy road .
A. cross B. across C. run cross
( )32. You’d better _________ bus to get there .
A. by B. to take the C. take the
( )33. When does then train __________ Beijing ?
A. leave to B. leave for C. leave on
( )34. There’re many ways of ________ around the town .
A. traveling B. travels C. travel
( )35. Jim decided __________ a trip with Lucy.
A. to make B. making C. makes
( )36. What’re you going to do ___________ holiday ?
A. for B. to C. on
( )37. —Which subject should I talk __________ ?
—How about sports?
A. to B. with C. about
( )38. Jack promises __________ fishing with us .
A. to go B. go C. going
( )39. Tom asked ________ his name , but he didn’t tell him .
A. to B. with C. for
( )40. Would you please ________ the postcard into the letter-box ?
A. send B. post C. drop
( )41. If you _______ hard , you ______ the English exam .
A. work , pass B. work , pass C. work , will pass
( )42. When I walked ______ the library, I saw it happen .
A. past B. pass C. passed
( )43. Does Lily know _________ the word ?
A. to how spell B. how spell C. how to spell
( )44. _________ took them thirty minutes to walk there .
A. They B. That C. It
( )45. Cindy _______ one hundred Yuan ________ the shoes .
A. spent ; on B. spent ; for C. took ; for
( )46. Why ______ wait for them ? They’re coming in a minute .
A. not B. don’t C. you don’t
( )47. The people over there ________ a meeting now .
A. having B. are having C. is having
( )48. Which subject do you like __________ , English or art ?
A. better B. well C. very much
( )49. Tom learns Chinese very _________ .
A. good B. nice C. well
( )50. I don’t feel very ________ today .
A. good B. better C. well
( )51. I haven’t seen you _______ two months.
A. since B. for C. when
( )52. What is the postage __________ the letter _________ U.S.A.?
A. for , for B. for , to C. to , for
( )53. Jim’s mother ____ the money _____ Jim and told him to buy some books.
A. gave , / B. gave , with C. gave , to
( )54. Help ________ to some more apples, girls !
A. yourself B. yourselves C. themselves
( )55. Tom enjoyed ________ a lot , he read a lot of famous books.
A. reads B. read C. reading
( )56. Are you ready __________ the English exam?
A. to B. to have C. having
( )57. __________ the door when you leave .
A. Do close B. Closes C. Closing
( )58. Jack is a kind-hearted boy, he often ______ me _______ my lessons .
A. helps , with B. help , to do C. helps , and
( )59. The policeman told the children _______ carefully when they cross the road .
A. to look B. look C. not look
( )60. The Browns _______ send the letters to their friends.
A. want B. want not C. want to
【參考答案】
一.
I.
可數名詞：truck , eye , haircut , hour , fingernail , job , exercise , coin , call，cartoon , person
其餘為不可數名詞
II.
(1) boys (2) Chinese (3) boxes(4) women(5) girls (6) legs , feet
III.
(1) hers (2) mine (3) him (4) your (5) we (6) themselves
IV.
(1) few (2) a little (3) a little(4) little(5) a few
V.
(1) others(2) the others (3) much (4) both(5) other (6) any(7) All (8) some(9) the other (10) some / many
VI.
A : careful useful windy cloudy
rainy sunny friendly interested / interesting
B : easily hard carefully early
slowly quickly kindly clearly
usually really badly heavily
well
C : worker teacher singer driver writer
D: (1) useful (2) quick (3) friendly (4) easily (5) careful(6) worker (7) windy(8) slowly (9) interesting interested
VII.
(1) to do (2) to take (3) to buy (4) to come (5) to help (6) to make / making (7)(to)water (8) to stop (9) leave (10) play (11) to learn (12) tell (13) to do (14) to help (15) not to be (16) go (17) not leave (18) to answer (19) watching (20) to see
(21) cleaning (22) play (23) to learn (24) to go
VIII.
(1) Does…like (2) walks (3) play(4) doesn’t have (5) Do , know
IX.
(1) aren’t making (2) Is singing (3) isn’t watching (4) is raining (5) are reading (6) Are visiting (7) are having
X.
(1) didn’t watch (2) was(3) Were(4) Did , have (5) went
XI.
(1) May / Could / Can (2) must(3) must / should(4) mustn’t (5) can
XII.
(1) How (2) What(3) How (4) What(5) What (6) How(7) What (8) How
XIII.
(1) fourth (2) seventh(3) first
XIV.
(1) an (2) a (3) an (4) a (5) a (6) a(7) an (8) an(9) an (10) an
二.
1—5 ACAAC 6—10 BABBB
11—15 BAACB 16—20 BABCA
21—25 BCBAC 26—30 ABACC
31—35 ACBAA 36—40 CCACC
41—45 CACCA 46—50 ABACC
51—55 BBCBC 56—60 BAAAC
;Ⅱ 我想問幾個英語基礎問題
問題一、
1、介詞
介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關系的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞後面一般有名詞代詞或相當於名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞納枯組，在句中作狀語，表語，補語或介詞賓語
介詞口訣：自從以當為按照，由於對於為了到；和跟把比在關於，除了同對嚮往朝；用在名詞代詞前，修飾動形要記牢。
1.表示地點位置的介詞
1)at ,in, on, to
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示「在……附近，旁邊」
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示「在…范圍之內」。
on 表示毗鄰，接壤
to 表示在……范圍外，不強調是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia lies on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不強調是否垂直，與 below相對；
over指垂直的上方,與under相對,但over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。
on表示某物體上面並與之接觸。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
2.表示時間的介詞
1)in , on，at 在……時
in表示較長時間，如世紀、朝代、時代、年、季節譽茄舉、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one』s life , in one』s thirties等。
on表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year』s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一時刻或較短暫的時間，或泛指聖誕節，復活節等。
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之後
「in +段時間」表示將來的一段時間以後；
「after+段時間」表示過去的一段時間以後；
「after+將來點時間」表示將來的某一時刻以後。
My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o』clock this afternoon.
3)from, since 自從……
from僅說明什麼時候開始，不說明某動作或情況持續多久；
since表示某動作或情慶碧況持續至說話時刻，通常與完成時連用。
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
4)after, behind 在……之後
after主要用於表示時間；
behind主要用於表示位置。
We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
3.表運動方向的介詞：
across, through 通過，穿過
across表示橫過,即從物體表面通過，與on有關；
through穿過,即從物體內部穿過，與in有關。
She swam across the river.
He walked through the forest.
4.表示「在……之間」的介詞：
between, among
between指在兩個人或兩個事物之間；
among指在三個或三個以上的人或事物之間。
There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.
The teacher is standing among the students.
5.表示其他意義的介詞
1)on ,about 關於
on 表示這本書，這篇文章或演說是嚴肅的，或學術性的，可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀；
about表示內容較為普通，不那麼正式。
There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.
He is writing a book on cooking.
He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具體的工具和手段；
in 表示用…方式，用…語言(語調、筆墨、顏色)等；
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
3)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在內；
besides 除……之外，包括在內。
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生沒去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
2、副詞
定 義:
副詞是一種用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或全句的詞,說明時間,地點,程度,方式等概念。
分 類:
1) 時間和頻度副詞:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地點副詞:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副詞:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副詞:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑問副詞:
how, when, where, why.
6) 關系副詞:
when, where, why.
7) 連接副詞:
how, when, where, why, whether.
用 法:
副詞在句中可作狀語,表語,短語。
He works hard.
他工作努力。
You speak English quite well.
你英語講的很好。
Is she in ?
她在家嗎?
Let's be out.
讓我們出去吧。
Food here is hard to get.
這兒很難弄到食物。
位 置:
1) 多數副詞都可以放在動詞的後面,如果動詞帶有賓語,副詞就放在賓語後面。
I get up early in the morning everyday.
我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday.
他昨天給了我一件禮物。
She didn't drink water enough.
她沒喝夠水。
The train goes fast.
火車跑得快。
We can go to this school freely.
我們可以免費到這家學校學習。
They left a life hardly then.
當時他們的生活很艱難。
He has a new cat on today.
他今天戴了一頂新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends.
這部電影我和朋友看過兩次。
2) 副詞修飾形容詞,副詞時,副詞在前面,而被修飾的詞在後面。
It's rather easy, I can do it.
這很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well.
他做得相當好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right.
很難說誰是對的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends.
這件事太重要了，我得告訴我的朋友。
It's much better.
好多了。
3) 頻度副詞可放在實義動詞的前面,情態動詞和助動詞的後面。
I often help him these days.
這些日子我經常幫助他。
I always remember the day when I first came
to this school.
我常常記得我第一次來學校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me.
你不能老是幫助我。
He seldom comes to see us.
他很少來看我們。
We usually go shopping once a week.
我們通常一周買一次東西。
The new students don't always go to dance.
新學生並不時常去跳舞。
4) 疑問副詞,連接副詞,關系副詞以及修飾整個句子的副詞,通常放在句子或從句的前面。
When do you study everyday?
你每天什麼時間學習?
Can you tell me how you did it?
你能告訴我你如何做的嗎?
First, let me ask you some questions.
先讓我來問幾個問題。
How much does this bike cost?
這輛車子多少錢？
Either you go or he comes.
不是你去就是他來。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
當老師進教室時，學生們正在讀書。
5) 時間副詞和地點副詞在一個句中, 地點副詞在前面時間副詞在後面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九點鍾我們到超市買東西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening?
昨天下午你在教室里干什麼？
The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
一小時前十一號大街發生了一場事故。
比較等級:
副詞和形容詞一樣,也有它的比較級和最高級形式. 可以參考形容詞的變換形式。但以詞尾 -ly 結尾的副詞（除 early ）須用 more 和 most 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much more most
warmly more warmly most warmly
單音節副詞的比較級是在副詞後面加上 -er 構成的，最高級是在副詞後面加上 -est 構成的。
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
多音節副詞的比較級是在副詞的前面加上 -more 構成的。 最高級是在副詞前面加上 -most 構成的。
warmly more warmly most warmly
successfully more successfully most successfully
有些副詞的比較級和最高級形式是不規則的。
well-better - best little - less - least
Much- more - most badly - worse - worst
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
副詞的比較級和最高級用法同形容詞的比較級用法基本一樣。 最高級形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I.
他比我工作努力。
Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.
露西比麗麗起床早。
He runs fastest in our class.
他在我們班跑地最快。
He dives deeper than his teammates.
他比他的隊員潛水深。
It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.
他英語講的確實比我們任何人都好。
Our school team play football best in our region.
我們校隊在我們地區足球踢得最好的。
副詞比較級和最高級的形式
副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是，開放類副詞即以後綴�ly結尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加�er或�est，如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕： early中的�ly不是後綴，故可以把�y變�i再加�er和�est
Ⅲ 初中英語哪些是基礎題型
聽力部分，筆試部分(選擇題，完行填空，語法填空，閱讀理解，任務型，寫作)語法填空是基礎題
Ⅳ 中考常見的英語的基礎題有哪些（包括語法）
聽力
單項選擇
完形填空
閱讀理解
任務型閱讀
填詞
補全對話
完成句子
書面表達
我們這里是這樣的
Ⅳ 英語中考會考哪些知識點（基礎題）
一般而言有
1.無性生殖——類型和例子；
2.嫁接——原理、形式（選擇、判斷）
3.植物的有性生殖——傳粉（大題）
4.昆蟲的發育過程（選擇、圖）——各個階段的發育過程、發育名稱
5.dna是主要的遺傳物質（大題）
6.遺傳性狀——遺傳圖解
（重點中的重點）
7.人的性別決定
8..生男生女的概率（重點）
9.遺傳病——常見例子、近親結婚的危害、優生優育
10.生物變異——可遺傳、不可遺傳常見的例子（選擇、判斷）
11.運動的能量直接來源：atp（記住這句話）
12.動物的行為——（選擇）（覓食行為：防禦行為：生殖行為：求偶（如孔雀開屏、青蛙鳴叫）、占區、築巢、交配、孵卵、育雛、哺乳。遷徙行為：家燕南飛、秋季落葉昆蟲冬眠、魚類洄遊社群行為：螞蟻、蜜蜂等群體生活的動物在群體生活中的各種聯系行為）
Ⅵ 英語基礎知識有哪些呢
英語基礎知識有如下：
1、字母：英文有26個字母，分成5個母音字母 a,e,i,o,u 和其餘的21個輔音字母。
2、音素：音素是英語讀音的最小單位。英語有22個母音音素和28個輔音音素。
3、音素字母：音素字母是音素的標記符號，根據英語讀音規則，精選50個字母和字母組合，代表50個音素。傳統的英語學習方法是用國際音標或K.K.音標來標記音素。比如前母音長音的標記符號，國際音標[i:]，K.K.音標[i] ，音素字母[ee]。
4、音節：音節是讀音的基本單位。母音是音節的主體，母音和它前面的輔音構成不間斷音，在朗讀時不能間斷。任何單詞的讀音，都是分解為一個個音節朗讀。音節分成重讀音節、次重讀音節和輕讀音節。
1)、重讀音節：按重讀音節的讀音規則讀音，重讀的音節。
2)、次重讀音節：按重讀音節的讀音規則讀音，但不重讀的音節。
3)、輕讀音節：按輕讀音節的讀音規則讀音，不重讀的音節。
在重讀音節和次重讀音節中，根據母音字母 a,e,i,o,u 的讀音，劃分以下5種音節類型：
(1)、開音節：有三種開音節，一種叫絕對開音節，即在母音字母後沒有輔音字母，如：we
我們，no不。第二種叫相對開音節，即在母音字母後有一個輔音字母(r除外)，還有一個不發音的字母e，如：name名字，like象。第三種是一個母音字母後有一個不發音的e。如：die死，keep保持。
(2)、閉音節：母音字母後有輔音字母(r除外)構成的音節。如map 地圖，bed 床。
(3)、-r音節：母音字母與輔音字母-r結合構成的音節。如：car 汽車，park 公園。
(4)、-re 音節：母音字母與 -re 結合構成的音節。如：care 照料，here 這里。
(5)、母音字母組合音節：由母音字母和母音字母組合。如：wait 等候，tea 茶。 輔音字母在單詞中的讀音不分音節類型，讀字母讀音的輔音，如：b[bee]讀[b]，f[ef]讀[f]。
Ⅶ 英語的基礎問題
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語，謂語，表語，賓語，賓語補足語，定語，狀語等。 順序一般是主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，而表語，定語，狀語的位置要根據情況而定。
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般由名詞，代詞，數詞，不定式等充當。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜歡看電視。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作，狀態或特徵。
一般可分為兩類：
1)，簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態，語態和語氣。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我們為人民學習。
2)，復合謂語：情態動詞＋不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以說一點英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分，它位於系動詞如be之後，說明主語身份，特徵，屬性或狀態。一般由名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞短語等充當。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是護士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在及物動詞之後，能作賓語的有名詞，代詞，數詞，動詞不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesom'eink.他給了我一點墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。如：
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我們選他當班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞，副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等。形容詞，代詞，數詞，名詞等作定語時，通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是個新生。
但副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等作定語時，則放在被修飾的詞之後。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞，介詞短語，不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在倫敦。
7.補語
用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態或正在進行的動作，因為英語中有些動詞加賓語後意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說：我們使我們的祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應該說：我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的「美麗的（beautiful)」為形容詞做補語，說明祖國的狀態。英語句子為:We will make our country more beautiful.作補語的詞或片語為：形容詞，副詞，名詞，不定式，ing形式，數詞等。
8.賓補
就是賓語補足語，就是補充說明賓語的
例：I know you are student good at maths
在這個句子中，good at maths 就是補語。
賓語補語也可以是句子，所以這個句子也可以是：
I know you are student who is good at maths
還可以是-ing 形式
I see you crossing the street
一、1.早、午、晚要用in
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天
2.用於月,年,季節,世紀等.
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in 1986 在1986年 in April 在四月
in December 1986 在1986年12月
in the 21st century （21世紀）
in a week （一周）
in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/個月）
二、at的用法
1.at用於固定的鍾點.
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7點半 at half past eleven 在11點半 at six o』clock 在6點鍾
2.用於固定搭配.
at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明時候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜間 at midnight 在午夜 at five o』clock （五點），at daybreak （天亮），at sunrise （日出），at sunset （日落），at that time （那時），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that moment （那會兒），at this time of day （在一天的這個時候）。
三、在陽光下，在燈下，在樹陰下，穿衣、著裝、冒雨等都要用in。
例：Don』t read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的燈光下看書
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他們坐在樹陰下涼。
He went in the rain to meet me at the station.
他冒雨到車站去接我。
四、at是小地點, in指大地方,表示的是面,表示的是點.
They will arrive in Shanghai.他們將到上海.
They will arrive at the school.他們將到學校.
Turn left at the cinema.在電影院左拐.
They live on the ninth floor.他們住在九樓.
I will meet you at the bus stop.我在車站接你.
五、on的用法
1.用於具體某一天. On my birthday, on June 6,
on Sunday, on New Year』s Day
2.用於描述性的時間. On a cold night, on a winter day
on the morning of the 15th （15日的早上）