❶ 日本大學語言課程介紹
日本大學不僅開設日語課程，也開設英語學位課程。英語課程主要針對國際沒羨學生。但畢竟是在日本，說日語的時候還是居多。因此上英語枯轎拍課程的國際學生一般也需要學點日語。這就涉及到日本大學中的語言培訓課程。那麼，這類課程情況怎樣呢?歡迎和一起了解。
LANGUAGE TRAINING
語言培訓
One of the most notable features of the English program is that it offers an undergraate ecation in Japan which is concted in the English language. However, while our English degree programs use English as an instructional language, the world outside of the classroom is, of course, Japanese. In other words, there are only a limited number of situations in which students will be able get by using only English. In order for students to maintain a healthy and enjoyable life while studying and living in Japan, a degree of proficiency in the Japanese language is imperative. It is the primary goal of the English program Japanese and Japanese Issues Course to help students develop their abilities with the Japanese language, as well as gain an understanding of issues which have bearing on life, study and work here in Japan.
英語項目的一個最顯著的特徵就是，它在日本提供教學語言為英語的本科教育。然而，雖然築波大學的英語學位項目教學語言為英語，課堂以外的語言仍然是日語。也就是說，只說英語的場合是比較有限的。為了讓國際學生在日本保持健康愉快的學習生活，學校要求學生掌握一定日語。英語項目中的日帆乎語和日語話題課程的首要目標，便是幫助學生培養日語能力，獲得對在日本生活、學習和工作相關問題的認識。
In regard to learning the Japanese language, we are concerned with helping students work towards developing proficiency in using Japanese in real-life situations. The notion of real-life situations includes the following 3 areas. The first is ‘survival’, such as asking for directions or getting help in a store, etc. It is usually possible for students to develop these kinds of language skills within their first 3 months to 1 year in Japan. The second is everyday interpersonal interaction, such as chatting with friends, participating in extra-curricular activities, etc. This area roughly corresponds to what some second language acquisition researchers refer to as BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills). Research suggests that these language skills usually develop within six months to two years after having arrived in the country where the language is spoken. The third is academic and professional interaction, such as participating in classes offered in Japanese, making research presentations, participating in formal and professional activities in Japan, etc. This area roughly corresponds to what some researchers refer to as CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency). Research suggests that it may take five to seven years, or longer, for students to reach proficiency in CALP.
關於日語學習，學校考慮通過幫助學生在真實場合中使用日語來培養學生的日語能力。真實場合這個概念包括三個方面。第一個是“求生”，比如問路，在商店買東西等。一般而言，這方面的日語能力可以在學生到達日本的前三個月里獲得。第二個方面是日常交際，比如和朋友聊天，參加課外活動等。這個方面與某些二語習得研究者所說的“基本人際交流技能”大致吻合。研究者指出，這些語言技能可以在學生達到目標語言國家的六個月到兩年時間內獲得。第三個方面是學術和職業互動，比如參與日語課堂，做研究展示，參與日本正式的職業互動等。這個方面與某些研究者所說的“認知學術語言能力”大致吻合。研究者指出，認知學術語言能力可能需要五年到七年，甚至更長的時間才能獲得。
Regardless of whether students enter the program with little or no Japanese language ability, a good command of basic interpersonal interactional skills, or higher levels of language ability, it is the mission of the English program Japanese and Japanese Issues Course to help students progress as far as they can along the path to professional level competence in Japanese, and a substantial understanding of Japanese cultural and social issue which have bearing on their daily lives in Japan.
無論學生進入項目學習的時候是否具備日語能力，是否掌握良好的基本人際交流技能或者具備高級日語能力，英語項目中的日語與日語話題課程的任務都是幫助學生在通往職業水平日語的道路上盡可能地取得進步，獲得對日本文化和與日常生活相關的社會問題的足夠認識。
Overview of the Structure of the Course
課程結構概況
All English program students at the University of Tsukuba will receive Japanese language training in their first year. 4.5 credits of Japanese are required in first year, totaling 90 hours of in-class Japanese language tuition. However, this is only a very small part of the total picture of learning the Japanese language. In order to gain an actual ability to use Japanese in real-life situations, students will need to put in many additional hours of time outside of the classroom. The classroom should be thought of as a kind of home base from which students will plan and practice in preparation for real language use, and where they will evaluate their progress. Learning another language requires considerable work, but the benefits are commensurate with the effort!
學習築波大學英語項目的所有學生，在第一學年都會接受到日語培訓。第一學年要求4.5個日語學分，總共90個日語課堂學時學費。不過，這只是日語學習總藍圖中的很小的一個部分。為了獲得真實場合中使用日語的能力，學生課外還需要花足夠的時間。課堂僅作為學生真實語言使用計劃和操練的本壘，作為學生評估語言進步的場所。學習一門外語需要做大量的功課，而收獲和付出是等同的。
The English program Japanese and Japanese Issues Course offers classes in Japanese as a foreign language, and in Japanese Issues. In regard to the Japanese language classes, at the elementary levels (Japanese 1~4), English is used to give instruction in Japanese grammar, and focus is placed on developing students’ abilities with using daily conversational language (oral, listening, pragmatic, and interactional skills), and reading and writing skills. At the intermediate/advanced levels (Japanese 5~7), the goal is to help students develop higher levels of proficiency in indivial skill areas, such as grammar, speaking, listening, reading, kanji, etc. These higher-level classes are taught in Japanese. The Japanese Issues classes are taught using the English language as an instructional medium, and offer foundational knowledge in a broad range of topics on Japanese society, culture, history, etc.
英語項目中的日語和日語話題課程將日語作為外語來學習，也探討日語相關話題。說到日語課程，在基礎階段(日語1至4級)，英語被用作教學語言，用來解釋日語語法，這時課程的焦點是培養學生的日常語言交流能力(口語、聽力、語法、互動技能)、閱讀和寫作技能。在中間階段(日語5至7級)，課程的目標是幫助學生培養個人技能方面的中級日語能力，比如語法、口語、聽力、閱讀、認識日本漢字等。這些中級課程用日語授課。日語話題課程則用英語授課，為學生提供日本社會、文化、歷史等話題相關的基本知識。
In addition to their required 4.5 credits of Japanese, English program students are strongly encouraged to continue studying Japanese autonomously at the Center for Ecation for Global Communication. The CEGLOC at the University of Tsukuba is proud to have one of the best Japanese language training programs in Japan, with numerous experienced faculty members helping students progress in steps towards their Japanese language learning goals. English program students who have ability commensurate with the Japanese 4 level (documentable by sitting for a placement test offered at the beginning of every term) are eligible to take indivial language skills classes at the CEGLOC. Classes are offered in grammar, speaking, listening, reading, kanji, etc., and are tailored to a range of skill levels from intermediate-low to Advanced-high/Superior proficiency .
除了要求的4.5個日語學分，學校還積極鼓勵英語項目學生在全球教育交流中心繼續自學日語。築波大學的全球教育交流中心擁有日本最好的日語培訓項目，有眾多經驗豐富的教師幫助學習在實現日語學習目標上取得進步。掌握日語四級(通過參加每學期開始組織的分級考試來檢驗)的英語項目的學生有資格在全球教育交流中心學習單門語言技能課程。課程涉及語法、口語、聽力、閱讀、日本漢字等，適合中下級到高級日語水平的各層次的學生。
An important additional resource for English program students studying the Japanese language and Japanese issues is the Center for Distance Learning of Japanese and Japanese Issues. The University of Tsukuba has been appointed as a Center for Distance Learning of Japanese and Japanese Issues by the Minister of Ecation, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. To date, a variety of materials, such as Japanese language textbooks, audio visual language learning materials, web-based Japanese proficiency tests, etc., have been developed at the International Student Center. Based on these experiences and achievements, the Center for Distance Learning of Japanese and Japanese Issues is developing and operating a new bi-directional e-learning system, and related ecational materials. This e-learning system supports students’ indivially paced studies of the Japanese language and Japanese Issues. Global 30 students should take advantage of these and other online learning resources both before and after coming to Japan.
對於學習日語與日語話題的英語項目學生，還有一個重要的學習資源，就是日語與日語話題遠程教育中心。在日本文部科學省的批准下，築波大學設置列了該學習中心。迄今為止，國際學生中心匯集了各種學習材料，比如日語教材、語言學習視聽材料、網上日語能力測試等。基於這些經歷和成就，日語與日語話題遠程教育中心目前在發展和運營新的雙向電子學習系統，聚集有教育相關材料。該電子學系系統為學生的日語與日語話題學習提供基於個人節奏的幫助。Global 30的學生應該在來日本之前和來日本之後利用好這些資源以及其他線上學習資源。